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Nitrate effects on cardiac output and left ventricular outflow resistance in chronic congestive heart failure
Propranolol
Nitroglycerin Congestive heart failure
Nitroprusside Lefl ventricular outflow resistance
Continuedon page A86
In 28 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), the administration of nitrates reduced mean arterial pressure from 91.9 to 83.6 mm Hg, left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) from 29.3 to 19.0 mm Hg and systemic vascular resistance from 33.2 to 24.0 U, and raised cardiac index from 1.70 to 2.09 liters/min/m2 (all changes, p
Cardiac output
Of 43 patients with late prosthetic valve endocarditis (LPVE) who were studied, 20 (47 per cent) survived. Decreased survival was associated with three features: (1) only 36 per cent (nine of 25) of the patients with nonstreptococcal LPVE survived versus 61 per cent (11 of 18) with streptococcal LPVE (p
Cardiac surgery
Franciosa JA, Blank RC, Cohn JN: Nitrate effects on cardiac output and left ventricular outflow resistance in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Med 64: 207-213.
Myocardial infarction
Karchmer AW, Dismukes WE, Buckley MJ, Austen WG: Late prosthetic valve endocarditis. Clinical features influencing therapy. Am J Med 64: 199-206, 1978.
Paravalvular leak
lsosorbide dinltrate
Blood pressure
Bacterial endocardltis
Salt restriction
Nineteen patients with hypertension in whom all known causes of blood pressure elevation had been ruled out were classified as “salt-sensitive” or “nonsalt-sensitive” from the changes in blood pressure with changes in sodium intake from 9 meq to 249 meqlday. With the diet containing 249 meq sodium per day, there were no statistically significant differences in plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, aldosterone, cortisol or renin activity, or in urinary potassium, aldosterone or 17hydroxycorticosteroids between the two groups. The “salt-sensitive” patients retained more sodium on the high-sodium diet than did the “nonsalt-sensitive” patients: accordingly, sodium induced more weight gain in the salt-sensitive patients.
Dietary sodlum
Idiopathic hypertension
In 50 patients with essential hypertension, propranolol produced a significant decrease in blood pressure. The decrease in mean pressure was greatest in patients classified by a renin sodium nomogram as having high renin hypertension. In turn, blood pressure decreased mere in patients with normal renin than in those with low renin levels. Over-all, seven of the 50 patients exhibited increases in mean blood pressure during propranolol treatment. Within this group of patients, there was a significant inverse correlation between control renin values and the amplitude of the pressor response. Decrements in plasma renin were slightly greater in patients classified as responders than in nonresponders. However, when the propranolol-induced decrements in aldosterone excretion were taken into account, responders exhibited far greater decreases than nonresponders. Thus, higher levels of akfosterone during treatment may operate to oppose the antihypertensive action of propranolol.
vasoconstriction
Kawasaki T, Delea CS, Bartter FC, Smith H: The effect of high-sodium and low-sodium intakes on blood pressure and other related variables in human subjects with idiopath ic hypertension. Am J Med 64: 193-198, 1978.
Renln-angiotensin-mediated
Drayer JIM, Weber MA, Longworth DL, Laragh JH: The possible importance of aldosterone as well as renin in the long-term antihypertensive action of propranolol. Am J Med 64: 187-192, 1978.
Aldosterone Renin Essential hypertension
Nitroglycerin Congestive heart failure
Nitroprusside Lefl ventricular outflow resistance
Continuedon page A86
In 28 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), the administration of nitrates reduced mean arterial pressure from 91.9 to 83.6 mm Hg, left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) from 29.3 to 19.0 mm Hg and systemic vascular resistance from 33.2 to 24.0 U, and raised cardiac index from 1.70 to 2.09 liters/min/m2 (all changes, p
Cardiac output
Of 43 patients with late prosthetic valve endocarditis (LPVE) who were studied, 20 (47 per cent) survived. Decreased survival was associated with three features: (1) only 36 per cent (nine of 25) of the patients with nonstreptococcal LPVE survived versus 61 per cent (11 of 18) with streptococcal LPVE (p
Cardiac surgery
Franciosa JA, Blank RC, Cohn JN: Nitrate effects on cardiac output and left ventricular outflow resistance in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Med 64: 207-213.
Myocardial infarction
Karchmer AW, Dismukes WE, Buckley MJ, Austen WG: Late prosthetic valve endocarditis. Clinical features influencing therapy. Am J Med 64: 199-206, 1978.
Paravalvular leak
lsosorbide dinltrate
Blood pressure
Bacterial endocardltis
Salt restriction
Nineteen patients with hypertension in whom all known causes of blood pressure elevation had been ruled out were classified as “salt-sensitive” or “nonsalt-sensitive” from the changes in blood pressure with changes in sodium intake from 9 meq to 249 meqlday. With the diet containing 249 meq sodium per day, there were no statistically significant differences in plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, aldosterone, cortisol or renin activity, or in urinary potassium, aldosterone or 17hydroxycorticosteroids between the two groups. The “salt-sensitive” patients retained more sodium on the high-sodium diet than did the “nonsalt-sensitive” patients: accordingly, sodium induced more weight gain in the salt-sensitive patients.
Dietary sodlum
Idiopathic hypertension
In 50 patients with essential hypertension, propranolol produced a significant decrease in blood pressure. The decrease in mean pressure was greatest in patients classified by a renin sodium nomogram as having high renin hypertension. In turn, blood pressure decreased mere in patients with normal renin than in those with low renin levels. Over-all, seven of the 50 patients exhibited increases in mean blood pressure during propranolol treatment. Within this group of patients, there was a significant inverse correlation between control renin values and the amplitude of the pressor response. Decrements in plasma renin were slightly greater in patients classified as responders than in nonresponders. However, when the propranolol-induced decrements in aldosterone excretion were taken into account, responders exhibited far greater decreases than nonresponders. Thus, higher levels of akfosterone during treatment may operate to oppose the antihypertensive action of propranolol.
vasoconstriction
Kawasaki T, Delea CS, Bartter FC, Smith H: The effect of high-sodium and low-sodium intakes on blood pressure and other related variables in human subjects with idiopath ic hypertension. Am J Med 64: 193-198, 1978.
Renln-angiotensin-mediated
Drayer JIM, Weber MA, Longworth DL, Laragh JH: The possible importance of aldosterone as well as renin in the long-term antihypertensive action of propranolol. Am J Med 64: 187-192, 1978.
Aldosterone Renin Essential hypertension