Nitrate removal using catalytic membranes

Estimating costs for integrated systems Nanofiltration

intervals

changes

in

feedwater based

(resulting

permeate

recovery)

fouling

frequencies,

fluxes

feedwater

observed

at pilot

integrated

membrane

from

9O(ll)

and

1998).

permeate

scale.

Costs

systems

(MF),

pp.

of

using

ultrafiltration

Limits

for nitrate

drinking

of health

of large

systems

m3/d [lo mgd]) were also

existing

compared

from

with

cost surveys

membrane

of

installations.

Here the

of nitrate

to nitrogen

in

aqueous

solutions

by

of

catalytically

active

means

membranes

been investigated.

A heterogeneous

(Pd/Cu)

has

that the higher

fouling

observed

following

polyetherimide

membrane.

treatment

compared

saturation

hydrogen,

conventional

with MF and UF pretreatment not

translate

Despite

rates,

decreased

feedwater

recovery.

Chellam,

in

treatment

with

flux

costs.

increases

membrane

permeate S.

higher

significant

fouling costs

into

may

9O(ll)

increasing

these

nitrate

Serra,

of pH,

96-104

November

matrix.

membrane

has sufficiently

energy indicates

municipal

wastewater

recharge

to groundwater

potable than

uses. 500

operation,

mg/l

days

of

total

organic

oxygen

is dominated

was

Cyclic or

denitrification

an

reuse

standards.

fully

used

in

Pilot-scale

meet

Phosphorus the

are

installed

production

facility

caustic

scrubber

membrane

bioreactor

water was for

worked the

an

area in

the

MCB

of

waste

evolution

of chloride

the

Tube-side were well correlations.

coefficients

and found

Marangon, J.

on

Membrane

Science

Guiqing,

Li

Sanfeng:

&

Technology

(October

1998).

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis to produce vitamin C A

new

membrane has

been

VcNa

technology,

bipolar

electrodialysis

(BME),

developed

to vitamin

to

Science

(9 December

convert

C in the large-

scale production

of vitamin

C. The

of VcNa

is more

conversion

factor

than 99%,

and the yield of vitamin

C is up to 97% in the acidification process. the

The

electric

average

efficiency

current

is 70%.

of The

cost is 0.9 kW h per kg of

vitamin

C.

The

vitamin

C

produced

BME

quality

process

production

of

the

using

the

complies

with

requirements.

(In

Chinese) Lin

Aiguang,

Jiang

Membrane

Lixin:

Technology (October

18(5)

Weijun,

Yu

Science

&

24-27

pp.

1998).

nolosy

Arcangeli,

Zhang,

M.

L.M. Freitas dos Santos:

Membrane

29-44

99.6%.

to be well

J.-P S.

151(l)

Next

pp.

month News

1998).

industry trends Commercial

Water solubilisation and vanadium extraction properties

of and

(reversed

phase

solubilise

by

The

wide.

P204

The

with the extent

of

is

the extraction with

being rate of without

about

membrane

research

Patents World, US and European

to

extraction

latest

no

an ability

by P204/kerosene

saponification whereas

system,

salt solubilisation

very small.

separations

I’2041

It has been

is very shows

in petrochemicals

Enantiomeric

Research Trends

been

the microemulsion’s

water,

inorganic V(IV)

the

is needed.

region

Features Gas separation

by an

have

microemulsion that

Contracts

microemulFor

releases

vanadium

micelle)

investigated.

news

New product

water

of I’204 saponified

microemulsion

unit

i.e.

using

area.

Boam,

observed

60 mz of

l/h,

coefficients

Livingston,

An

at a flow rate of 50 l/h with

consequent

A.G. A.T.

Zhongfang,

by a simple equation.

co-surfactant

98-99%

500

10 times the flow of

were tested

Ping, Lei Yu, Wang

Yu

power

MCB

was obtained

transfer

kerosene

In its

between

m/s.

by existing

bioreactor EMB

an

the shell side of these new modules

sion

the

pilot

to

of

membrane

mass

and

by

configuration,

mass transfer The

installed,

NH3*H20/kerosene

containing

with

flow

extraction

emerging

(MCB). the

of 98-99%

described

tube

= 1070

9x10-”

solubilisation

to treat a spent liquor

removal

same

and

magnitude

first

a

the mass transfer

and a

using

improved

7~10~~

The

at a chemical

well, destroying

organics

stream

of

described.

was

first configuration

potable

pp. 3-l 1

technology, membrane

(EMB), unit

trials

oxic-anoxic be

J.

Extractive membrane bioreactors for detoxification of chemical wastes

monochlorobenzene

would

mass

1998).

nitrate additional

process

to

concen-

high

but

operation

fully

in low ammonia

nitrogen

concentrations.

@

this period.

by

Behling:

Science 151(l)

extractive

resulting

necessary

of ~3.5

the

V

Membrane

solids were detected water

trations

and

that

Peinemann,

R.-D.

membrane

during

organic

mg/l

K.-V

Kasche,

achieved.

The and

carbon

demand

in the effluent treated

more

steady-state

consistently

No suspended

nitrified,

or non-

of ~1 .l

were

indirect

Throughout

concentrations chemical

simulated for

nitrate

for

of

to

With 60 m* of

modules

was

described

and diffusion.

(9 December

bioreactor

purified

active in

The calculated

activation

K. Ltidtke,

Reclaiming wastewater with a bioreactor

as a

flow and

remained

reduction transfer

The

It was demonstrated

reaction

1998).

A pilot-scale

volume

that the catalyst

M.R.

filtered

was studied

shell

Re(shel1) = 2140,

the

plant

at Re(tube)

coefficient order

used

of 20 m long x 50

approximately

nitrate-

was

new

biofilms.

was

modules.

operating

the use

to remove

diameter

these

thickness

through

the pilot

membrane

the

It was also found

information

mm

of

of

biofilm

new generation

Zeng

18(5) pp. 19-23

build-up

surfaces

be achieved

from

After

membranes.

reduction

the polymer

CA.

pp.

through

been

a microporous

water

containing

temperature.

J Am. Water Works Assoc.

Wiesner:

in with

function

increasing

and

incorporated

has

the

tubes.

reconfigure in

performance.

the

shear

reach

to be fluid film

and on

This

has been linked to a

Results suggest rates

limiting

of fluid

concentrations

hazards.

the

steady-state

could

reduction

catalyst

NF

that

transfer

scale to determine

were found

may

(In Chinese)

at

resistances

(November

water have been stipulated

number

Costs

treatment

These

saponification

low,

undertaken

parameters

Suidan,

Nitrate removal using catalytic membranes

treat surface water prior to NF were

extrapolations

M.T

Mass

were

laboratory

transfer

relatively

10m6 m/s.

biofilms

nitrate

and

experiments

105-113

because

(>3&10*

around

the

J. Am. Water Works Assoc.

to

estimated

the

membrane

rates,

recoveries

(UF), and conventional compared.

by reducing

N. Cicek, J.I? France, V, Urbain:

mass

were

were

extent of final disinfection.

intervals,

backwashing

microfiltration

system,

However,

coefficients

viruses

were estimated

cleaning

and

ions.

Heterotrophic

MS-2 retained

membrane

flux

on membrane

associated

growth. and

completely

costs (NF) to variations in chemical

attributable cleaning

biological bacteria

54.0%,

membrane

patents

NetScope The best membrane

sites

reviewed

rate ofV(IV) NH,*H,O

Membrane Technology No. 105