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Nitrogenation and magnetic properties of samarium-iron-nitrogen materials
T h e u s e of MIM ill a n i a g n e l i c field fin" s h a p i n g Sr li,rrite l u a g l l e l s is d e s c r i b e d . l{in(h,r forniulalioik lnoul(ting conditions, detiinding and sintering are otltlined. The lll:dgl/ell(! p r o p e r l i e s of the finished m a t e r i a l s a r e d i s c u s s e d w i t h r e g a r d Io pl(icess ('ondit iOllS.
element content. A linear relationship between coercivity and temperature between 120 a n d + 2 8 8 C is n o t e d tbr t h e 35% alloy. T h e m a g n e t i c p r o p e r t i e s a r e correlate(t w i t h t h e i n i e r o s t r u c t u r e . T h e a d d i t i o n of 1L' is s h o w n to s t a b i l i z e t h e m a g n e t i c a l l y soft p h a s e s in t h e alloys
s i n l e r i n g of Wc-(Ti, W ) C ('o m a t e r i a l s w a s t u d i e d w i t h r e s p e c t lo comp(>sition. It i~ s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e ( h i v i n g force tilt" t h e migration is ( t o t e r m i n e d t)y p h y s i c o chemical processes at c o n l a c t and interphase bou]~daries and r e c l T s t a l l i z a t i o n o f r e f r a c t o w particles.
NITROGENATION AND MAGNETIC P R O P E R T I E S OF SAMARIUM-IRONNITROGEN MATERIALS
Hard materials
S T R E N G T H C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S OF BORON N I T R I D E U N D E R BREAKING A N D S H E A R LOADS
N. h ' h i i m s e a n d 1. K a n e d a ( \ g a s e ( t a 17ni versify, Nisiswase(la, .Jut)an), ,l J~tl)a, Soc [~<*.'der ¢t#*d Pea,dot MettHlurg;q, Vol 39, N() 11, 19!)2, 977-!)80. (In . l a p a n e s e ) . 1I is shown that lirocessmg under tligh N t)resstlrc al 4(t0 or F;I)(I (" for 2 imurs is an el'feeling' lneans of n i l r i d i n g S m T F e l r I)(rwdei. Ttle saturalioi~ magnetisation is r e p o r t e d I() be lower t h a n p r e v i o u s l y r e l ) ( i r l e d al 1450 enltl <~ be('}luse t h e prosstlre of iinpurilies inchl(ling (). P R E P A R A T I O N OF IRON-NEODYMIUMBORON P O W D E R S WITH H I G t I COERCMTY Y. Xiao el al (l!niversil.~ of Science a n d 'l'ectmoh~ka,', l/ei.iing. ( q m l a ) , :tcta Metall N'i,ictt, Vol 28, N() 8, 1.9!)2, 375 378. (In (:lit/lest). The tiroduction ,fit"(" 14 at<',, N(l-(i"<; Co 7% l{ t ) o w d e r by ;I h y d r o g e n a t i o n (tisprop(n'l ional ing-dehyd r(~genat ion retire is des(Tibe(t. T h e p o w d t ' r is rel)olled to tla~e h i g h ('()er('ivily whit'h w a s liiund to be (]el)elldenl t)11 d e ( ' O l U l ) o s i l i o n a n t i i'et.i),st;.lllizali(in ill' Nd=,F('(('o)ll{ d u r i n g I)rocessing. Ttle initial p o w d e r ix s h o w n to have a grain size of l(i lo 511 tun which l'edllCell It) 0.:{ 1() I ~lln (llll'ing pr()cessing. C O P P E R B A S E D N I C K E L ALLOY PLATING ON S I N T E R E D IRONNEODYMIUM-BORON M A G N E T S K. Fritz el al {Max l ' l a m k Inst+ S t u t t g a r t , (;(,Fina,ly). Z IUr M(,tallkundc. Vol 83. No 11, 19,(!2, 791 'TD;{. T h e eflT'('ls of S/lIDSl itulioll of N(I by I)y in Fe N(I l{ l n a g n l q s ix dis('uss(,d with r e s p e c t I() Ih(, i / e e d fOl" ilnpl'ove(] c o r r o s i o I / r e s i s t a l w e for whict/ a m i n i n n i m c o a t i n g lhi('kness o1 5, ~_lni ix r e q n i r e d . A satisfa(Iol.~ (.(lalil/~{ I S %}IO%Vn 1() r e q u i r e (h,l)osilion al 1()~ c u r r e n l densily. M A G N E T I C P R O P E R T I E S OF SINTERED DYSPROSIUM S U B S T I T U T E D IRON-NEDDYMIUMBORON M A G N E T S K. Fritz ei al ( M a x - l ' l a n c k lnsl, S t u t t g a r t , ( ; e r n m n y ) , Z .f)Tr M e t t t / I k u . d c , VoI 8;;;, N() 11, 1992. 791 79:{ T h e eff('('ls of s u b s t i l ut ion of Nd tU l)y in F(' Nd-h inagnel n l a t e r i a l s w a s i n v e s t i g a t e d . T h e COlilbined a n / o u n I of N(i w a s 18.5,,, a n d t h e s u b s l i t u t i o n v a r i e d f l o m 0 to 100".. % r e n l a x i m a in t h e (.()ercivity at(, r e p o r t e d . T h e s e a r e at 35 a n d 85'2 of t h e rare e a r t h
66
MPR June 1993
MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL P R O P E R T I E S OF S I L I C O N CARBIDEMETAL B O R I D E SYSTEMS V.V. K o v a l c h i k et al, P o r o s h k o v a y a Metal lurgiya, No 2, 1992, 95 100. (In R u s s i a n ) . Friction a n d w e a r p r o p e r t i e s of SiCMeB2 m a t e r i a l s a r e corr(,lated w i t h t h e other mechanical properties. E F F E C T S OF ROLLING ON S T R U C T U R E A N D P R O P E R T I E S OF ALUMINUM NITRIDE O.A. K a t r u s et al, P o r o s h k o v a y a Metallurg i y , , No 3, 1992, 41 44, (In R u s s i a n ) .
Y.V. N a i d i c h el al, PoroshktJcoy(t M e t a l l , r giya, No 4, 1992, 60 66. (h~ R u s s i a n ) . M e a s u r e n / e n t s of l h c s t r e n g t h of I{N b a s e s e a l s a r e s h o w n to t)e u s e f u l in i(lentification of tile (iegree of h o m o g e n e i t ~ a n d w e a k n e s s e s ill t h e j o i n t s . T h e its(: ()I s o l d e r i n g , t i n d e r optilntinl collditions, lo i n c r e a s e t h e s t r e n g t h el" ltie s e a l s ix s h o w n to be p o s s i b l e . E F F E C T S OF C O M P O S I T I O N ON P R O P E R T I E S OF T I T A N I U M CARBIDES T E E L MATRIX MATE RIALS
S.N. Kulkov a n d ().V. Yablokova, Porosht,) vay<~ Met(Hlurgiyt~, N(, 4, 1992, 95 97 (In R u s s i a n ) . T h e strtl(qt/re a n d p l o l ) e r t i e s of a Tit' steel m a t fix c e r m e I were i n v e s t i g a t e d wilt r e s p e c t to c o n c e n t r a l i o n of TiC. It is sh()~l~ t h a t t h e r e a c t i o n s b e t w e e n Ti(~ a n d th(' m a t r i x i n c r e a s e s with l h e "Jl'i(' restilting [ih a c h a n g e in eon/posilh).q e l l h e m a t r i x al!(] O P T I M I Z A T I O N OF NICKEL B I N D E R C O M P O S I T I O N IN T U N G S T E N C A R B I D E - a re(hlction in s t | e n g t h . NICKEL BASE ALLOY C E R M E T S E F F E C T S OF M E T H A N E C O N C E N T R A T I O N ON GROWTH OF R.F. ( ; h e b u r a e v a el al, P o r o s h k o c a y a MeD I A M O N D FILM IN PLASMA J E T t(tlluwiya, No 4, 1992. 31-:17. (In R u s s i a n ) . C H E M I C A L VAPOUR D E P O S I T I O N M a t h e m a t i c a l d e s i g n of e x p e r i m e n t s h a s t)een u s e d in t h e s t u d y of WC-Ni h a r d F. M a t s u m o t o et al ( N i p p o n A h m l i n i u m t ~, m e t a l s w i t h a d d i t i o n s of e l e m e n t s of groups Yodogawa, J a p a n ) . J J t u m n Noc Powd,,r t o u r to six a n d c a r b i d e s . VC gave a s m a l l a n d P o w d e r M,etalluryg, Vol 39. No I(, i n c r e a s e in h a r d n e s s a n d s t r e n g t h . C a r b i d e s 1992. (In J a p a n e s e ) . (it' Cr, Ti a n d Nb i n c r e a s e d h a r d n e s s anti C\GD of d i a m ( , n d on Io SiC s u l ) s t r a l e s ~ reduced strength. W produced a small d e s c r i b e d . A p l a s m a jet p r o c e s s , w i i h ( ' t t l in('rease in h a r d n e s s a n d a r e d u c t i o n in I-t~ g a s e s (3, 5, 7 a n d 10% C l l l ) w a s u s e d . s t r e n g t h of t h e Ni m a t r i x a n d Ta reduced T h e d e p o s i t e d f i l m s w(,r(, c h a r a c t e r i z e d . 'l't>, s t r e n g t h , h a r d n e s s a n d ductility. fihns deposited at low C l l l h a d a n agglomerated strtlCltlre of i(liomorphi~F I N E G R A I N E D T U N G S T E N CARBIDEg r a i n s . At h i g h CItl t h e f i h n s consiste(t c,f COBALT H A R D M E T A L S B A S E D ON film d i a m o n d c l T s l a l s a n d n o n d i a m o n d PLASMAME CHANICAL T U N G S T E N s u b s t a n c e s . T h e o p t i n / u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n ~,f CHt w a s 5% giving t h e g r e a t e s t c w s t a l l i n e V.P. l { o n d a r e n k o et al, P o r o s h k o c a y a Me p e r f e c t i o n a n d lowesl l)r()l)ortion of n()l~ talhtr.qiya, No 4. 1992, 46-51. (In R u s s i a n ) . (liamon(l m a t e r i a l . T h e w e a r r e s i s t a n c e of SiaN~, m a d e f r o m ultrafine powders, against diamond powder E F F E C T S OF OXYGEN C O N T E N T ON on a s t e e l b a s e w a s i n v e s t i g a t e ( l w i t h C R E E P R E S I S T A N C E OF N I C K E L reli~rence t() t h e efl~aets o f p h a s e a n d CEMENTED CARBIDES chemical composition. Correlations between abrasive wear and mechanical M. Ueki et al ( T o s h i b a T u n g a l o y Co I,ld, c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e given. O p t i m i z a t i o n of K a w a s a k i , J a p a n ) J J a p a , So(. Powder t t , , t c o m p o s i t i o n w a s f o u n d to be possible. P o w d e r Metallurgy. Vol 3,9, No 11, 19!12, 1025 1027. (In J a p a n e s e ) M I G R A T I O N OF L I Q U I D PHASE IN T h e effects o r e c o n l e n l , a d d e d a s Tit),, CEMENTED CARBIDES on the creep properties a n d t h i s ~s attributed to formation of skelelal A.F. Lisovslg' et al, P o r o s h k o v a y a M e t a l l u ~ c a r b i d e s by i m p r o v i n g t h e w e t t i n g of Ni giyu, No 4, 1992, 51-55. (In R u s s i a n ) . b i n d e r to t h e h a r d t)hases. M i g r a t i o n of Co d m ' i n g liquid p h a s e A s t u d y of t h e u s e of rolling for t h e d i s p e r s i o n and m i c r o ( l e f l ) r m a t i o n of AIN is d e s c r i b e d . It ix s h o w n t h a t rolling is a n effective m e a n s of d i s p e r s i n g AIN a n d h a s the advanlage of avoiding the c o n t a m i n a t i o n e x p e r i e n c e d in g r i n d i n g in a p l a n e t a ~ , mill.
element content. A linear relationship between coercivity and temperature between 120 a n d + 2 8 8 C is n o t e d tbr t h e 35% alloy. T h e m a g n e t i c p r o p e r t i e s a r e correlate(t w i t h t h e i n i e r o s t r u c t u r e . T h e a d d i t i o n of 1L' is s h o w n to s t a b i l i z e t h e m a g n e t i c a l l y soft p h a s e s in t h e alloys
s i n l e r i n g of Wc-(Ti, W ) C ('o m a t e r i a l s w a s t u d i e d w i t h r e s p e c t lo comp(>sition. It i~ s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e ( h i v i n g force tilt" t h e migration is ( t o t e r m i n e d t)y p h y s i c o chemical processes at c o n l a c t and interphase bou]~daries and r e c l T s t a l l i z a t i o n o f r e f r a c t o w particles.
NITROGENATION AND MAGNETIC P R O P E R T I E S OF SAMARIUM-IRONNITROGEN MATERIALS
Hard materials
S T R E N G T H C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S OF BORON N I T R I D E U N D E R BREAKING A N D S H E A R LOADS
N. h ' h i i m s e a n d 1. K a n e d a ( \ g a s e ( t a 17ni versify, Nisiswase(la, .Jut)an), ,l J~tl)a, Soc [~<*.'der ¢t#*d Pea,dot MettHlurg;q, Vol 39, N() 11, 19!)2, 977-!)80. (In . l a p a n e s e ) . 1I is shown that lirocessmg under tligh N t)resstlrc al 4(t0 or F;I)(I (" for 2 imurs is an el'feeling' lneans of n i l r i d i n g S m T F e l r I)(rwdei. Ttle saturalioi~ magnetisation is r e p o r t e d I() be lower t h a n p r e v i o u s l y r e l ) ( i r l e d al 1450 enltl <~ be('}luse t h e prosstlre of iinpurilies inchl(ling (). P R E P A R A T I O N OF IRON-NEODYMIUMBORON P O W D E R S WITH H I G t I COERCMTY Y. Xiao el al (l!niversil.~ of Science a n d 'l'ectmoh~ka,', l/ei.iing. ( q m l a ) , :tcta Metall N'i,ictt, Vol 28, N() 8, 1.9!)2, 375 378. (In (:lit/lest). The tiroduction ,fit"(" 14 at<',, N(l-(i"<; Co 7% l{ t ) o w d e r by ;I h y d r o g e n a t i o n (tisprop(n'l ional ing-dehyd r(~genat ion retire is des(Tibe(t. T h e p o w d t ' r is rel)olled to tla~e h i g h ('()er('ivily whit'h w a s liiund to be (]el)elldenl t)11 d e ( ' O l U l ) o s i l i o n a n t i i'et.i),st;.lllizali(in ill' Nd=,F('(('o)ll{ d u r i n g I)rocessing. Ttle initial p o w d e r ix s h o w n to have a grain size of l(i lo 511 tun which l'edllCell It) 0.:{ 1() I ~lln (llll'ing pr()cessing. C O P P E R B A S E D N I C K E L ALLOY PLATING ON S I N T E R E D IRONNEODYMIUM-BORON M A G N E T S K. Fritz el al {Max l ' l a m k Inst+ S t u t t g a r t , (;(,Fina,ly). Z IUr M(,tallkundc. Vol 83. No 11, 19,(!2, 791 'TD;{. T h e eflT'('ls of S/lIDSl itulioll of N(I by I)y in Fe N(I l{ l n a g n l q s ix dis('uss(,d with r e s p e c t I() Ih(, i / e e d fOl" ilnpl'ove(] c o r r o s i o I / r e s i s t a l w e for whict/ a m i n i n n i m c o a t i n g lhi('kness o1 5, ~_lni ix r e q n i r e d . A satisfa(Iol.~ (.(lalil/~{ I S %}IO%Vn 1() r e q u i r e (h,l)osilion al 1()~ c u r r e n l densily. M A G N E T I C P R O P E R T I E S OF SINTERED DYSPROSIUM S U B S T I T U T E D IRON-NEDDYMIUMBORON M A G N E T S K. Fritz ei al ( M a x - l ' l a n c k lnsl, S t u t t g a r t , ( ; e r n m n y ) , Z .f)Tr M e t t t / I k u . d c , VoI 8;;;, N() 11, 1992. 791 79:{ T h e eff('('ls of s u b s t i l ut ion of Nd tU l)y in F(' Nd-h inagnel n l a t e r i a l s w a s i n v e s t i g a t e d . T h e COlilbined a n / o u n I of N(i w a s 18.5,,, a n d t h e s u b s l i t u t i o n v a r i e d f l o m 0 to 100".. % r e n l a x i m a in t h e (.()ercivity at(, r e p o r t e d . T h e s e a r e at 35 a n d 85'2 of t h e rare e a r t h
66
MPR June 1993
MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL P R O P E R T I E S OF S I L I C O N CARBIDEMETAL B O R I D E SYSTEMS V.V. K o v a l c h i k et al, P o r o s h k o v a y a Metal lurgiya, No 2, 1992, 95 100. (In R u s s i a n ) . Friction a n d w e a r p r o p e r t i e s of SiCMeB2 m a t e r i a l s a r e corr(,lated w i t h t h e other mechanical properties. E F F E C T S OF ROLLING ON S T R U C T U R E A N D P R O P E R T I E S OF ALUMINUM NITRIDE O.A. K a t r u s et al, P o r o s h k o v a y a Metallurg i y , , No 3, 1992, 41 44, (In R u s s i a n ) .
Y.V. N a i d i c h el al, PoroshktJcoy(t M e t a l l , r giya, No 4, 1992, 60 66. (h~ R u s s i a n ) . M e a s u r e n / e n t s of l h c s t r e n g t h of I{N b a s e s e a l s a r e s h o w n to t)e u s e f u l in i(lentification of tile (iegree of h o m o g e n e i t ~ a n d w e a k n e s s e s ill t h e j o i n t s . T h e its(: ()I s o l d e r i n g , t i n d e r optilntinl collditions, lo i n c r e a s e t h e s t r e n g t h el" ltie s e a l s ix s h o w n to be p o s s i b l e . E F F E C T S OF C O M P O S I T I O N ON P R O P E R T I E S OF T I T A N I U M CARBIDES T E E L MATRIX MATE RIALS
S.N. Kulkov a n d ().V. Yablokova, Porosht,) vay<~ Met(Hlurgiyt~, N(, 4, 1992, 95 97 (In R u s s i a n ) . T h e strtl(qt/re a n d p l o l ) e r t i e s of a Tit' steel m a t fix c e r m e I were i n v e s t i g a t e d wilt r e s p e c t to c o n c e n t r a l i o n of TiC. It is sh()~l~ t h a t t h e r e a c t i o n s b e t w e e n Ti(~ a n d th(' m a t r i x i n c r e a s e s with l h e "Jl'i(' restilting [ih a c h a n g e in eon/posilh).q e l l h e m a t r i x al!(] O P T I M I Z A T I O N OF NICKEL B I N D E R C O M P O S I T I O N IN T U N G S T E N C A R B I D E - a re(hlction in s t | e n g t h . NICKEL BASE ALLOY C E R M E T S E F F E C T S OF M E T H A N E C O N C E N T R A T I O N ON GROWTH OF R.F. ( ; h e b u r a e v a el al, P o r o s h k o c a y a MeD I A M O N D FILM IN PLASMA J E T t(tlluwiya, No 4, 1992. 31-:17. (In R u s s i a n ) . C H E M I C A L VAPOUR D E P O S I T I O N M a t h e m a t i c a l d e s i g n of e x p e r i m e n t s h a s t)een u s e d in t h e s t u d y of WC-Ni h a r d F. M a t s u m o t o et al ( N i p p o n A h m l i n i u m t ~, m e t a l s w i t h a d d i t i o n s of e l e m e n t s of groups Yodogawa, J a p a n ) . J J t u m n Noc Powd,,r t o u r to six a n d c a r b i d e s . VC gave a s m a l l a n d P o w d e r M,etalluryg, Vol 39. No I(, i n c r e a s e in h a r d n e s s a n d s t r e n g t h . C a r b i d e s 1992. (In J a p a n e s e ) . (it' Cr, Ti a n d Nb i n c r e a s e d h a r d n e s s anti C\GD of d i a m ( , n d on Io SiC s u l ) s t r a l e s ~ reduced strength. W produced a small d e s c r i b e d . A p l a s m a jet p r o c e s s , w i i h ( ' t t l in('rease in h a r d n e s s a n d a r e d u c t i o n in I-t~ g a s e s (3, 5, 7 a n d 10% C l l l ) w a s u s e d . s t r e n g t h of t h e Ni m a t r i x a n d Ta reduced T h e d e p o s i t e d f i l m s w(,r(, c h a r a c t e r i z e d . 'l't>, s t r e n g t h , h a r d n e s s a n d ductility. fihns deposited at low C l l l h a d a n agglomerated strtlCltlre of i(liomorphi~F I N E G R A I N E D T U N G S T E N CARBIDEg r a i n s . At h i g h CItl t h e f i h n s consiste(t c,f COBALT H A R D M E T A L S B A S E D ON film d i a m o n d c l T s l a l s a n d n o n d i a m o n d PLASMAME CHANICAL T U N G S T E N s u b s t a n c e s . T h e o p t i n / u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n ~,f CHt w a s 5% giving t h e g r e a t e s t c w s t a l l i n e V.P. l { o n d a r e n k o et al, P o r o s h k o c a y a Me p e r f e c t i o n a n d lowesl l)r()l)ortion of n()l~ talhtr.qiya, No 4. 1992, 46-51. (In R u s s i a n ) . (liamon(l m a t e r i a l . T h e w e a r r e s i s t a n c e of SiaN~, m a d e f r o m ultrafine powders, against diamond powder E F F E C T S OF OXYGEN C O N T E N T ON on a s t e e l b a s e w a s i n v e s t i g a t e ( l w i t h C R E E P R E S I S T A N C E OF N I C K E L reli~rence t() t h e efl~aets o f p h a s e a n d CEMENTED CARBIDES chemical composition. Correlations between abrasive wear and mechanical M. Ueki et al ( T o s h i b a T u n g a l o y Co I,ld, c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e given. O p t i m i z a t i o n of K a w a s a k i , J a p a n ) J J a p a , So(. Powder t t , , t c o m p o s i t i o n w a s f o u n d to be possible. P o w d e r Metallurgy. Vol 3,9, No 11, 19!12, 1025 1027. (In J a p a n e s e ) M I G R A T I O N OF L I Q U I D PHASE IN T h e effects o r e c o n l e n l , a d d e d a s Tit),, CEMENTED CARBIDES on the creep properties a n d t h i s ~s attributed to formation of skelelal A.F. Lisovslg' et al, P o r o s h k o v a y a M e t a l l u ~ c a r b i d e s by i m p r o v i n g t h e w e t t i n g of Ni giyu, No 4, 1992, 51-55. (In R u s s i a n ) . b i n d e r to t h e h a r d t)hases. M i g r a t i o n of Co d m ' i n g liquid p h a s e A s t u d y of t h e u s e of rolling for t h e d i s p e r s i o n and m i c r o ( l e f l ) r m a t i o n of AIN is d e s c r i b e d . It ix s h o w n t h a t rolling is a n effective m e a n s of d i s p e r s i n g AIN a n d h a s the advanlage of avoiding the c o n t a m i n a t i o n e x p e r i e n c e d in g r i n d i n g in a p l a n e t a ~ , mill.