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Non-destructive testing of fibre-reinforced plastics composites. Volume 1
37533
Hills, P.W.
Data collection techniques for vibration based condition monitoring NDT-86. Proceedings of the 21st Annual British Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (United Kingdom), 16-18 Sep. 1986 pp. 455-476. Edited by J.M. Farley and P.D. Hanstead. Engineering Materials Advisory Services Ltd. (1987) For NDT techniques to be fully effective it is essential that data acquisition, evaluation and reporting are systematic and comprehensive. This paper describes a variety of systems applied to vibration based condition monitoring. These comprise manual periodic vibration checks, automated data collection, continuous monitoring and integrated plant systems. 37518
Summerscales, J. (ed.)
Non-destructive testing of fibre-reinforced plastics composites. Volume 1 Elsevier Applied Science (1987) An extensive review of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques as applied to fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) is presented. Composite materials, unlike metals, have poor electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, high acoustic attenuation and significant anisotropy of the mechanical and physical properties. An FRP is a heterogeneous medium which can contain multiple defect geometries consequently choice of NDE techniques for such materials presents some problems. 37458
Thyseenlndustrie A G.
Surface testing arrangement for locating cracks and defects European Patent No. 207,338 (7 Jan. 1987) 37290
Anon
NDT of jet engines: An industry survey, part one Materials Evaluation, Vol. 44, No. 14, pp. 1477-1485 (Dec. 1986) Various non destructive testing techniques used in jet engines are discussed from visual and borescope tests, dye penetrant tests, leak detection and holography to air flow, measurements, stress analysis and acoustic microscopy. 37188
Henneke, E.G. 11; Reifsnider, K.L.; Stinchcomb, W.W.
Vibrothermograpby: investigation, development and application of a new nondestructive evaluation technique Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg (United States), AD-A175-373, 23 pp. (26 Nov. 1986) A summary is presented of the major findings of a program whose objective was to investigate the phenomenon of preferential heat generation around damaged regions in materials subjected to mechanical vibrations and to develop an understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process. Vibrothermography is a nondestructive inspection technique based upon the utilization of this phenomenon. It has been found that this technique has considerable potential for inspecting composite materials. A significant amount of knowledge has been gained concerning the nature of the heat generation process and the relation of the frequency dependence of the heat patterns to the mechanical excitations. In particular, we now have convincing evidence that the heat generation around a delamination-type defect occurs preferentially at frequencies corresponding to natural resonance modes of anisotropic plates having the size of the delamination and subjected to fixed-fixed boundary conditions. 37031
Beebe, R.
Machine conditioning monitoring - an overview Nondestructive Testing - Australia, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 4-8 (Jam/Feb. 1987) This article presents an overview of condition monitoring of machines. The various techniques discussed include NDT/visual inspection, wear products/contaminants analysis, performance analysis, and vibration analysis.
37026
Goebbels, K.; Reiter, H.; Arnold, W.; Hirsekorn, S.
A concept for the quality assurance of components of the ceramic gas turbine by Nondestructive Testing (In German) Fraunhofer-Institut, Saarbrucken (Federal Republic of Germany), N86- 17773, 55 pp. (Aug. 1985) This work to develop nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for components made from high temperature and high strength ceramics was sponsored during the years 1977-1983 by the BMFF in a ceramic gas turbine program. The central task was to make available NDT methods for the detection of defects with linear dimensions between 10 and 100 microns. The presented final report demonstrates the elaborated concept for quality assurance. 37015
Goebbels, K.
Non-Destructive evaluation of ceramic components for engines Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, Lubeck-Travemunde ( F R G ) 14-17 Apr. 1986. pp. 779-787. Edited by W. Bunk and H. Hausner, Verlag Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft ( F R G ) , 1205 pp. (1986) Surface defects in ceramics are more critical than internal defects and cracklike defects are much more severe then volumetric flaws such as inclusions. Therefore. NDE methods not only have to detect and to locate the defects, they also have to characterize them in terms of location, type, size and orientation. Microstructural features which need to be characterized by NDE include inhomogeneity and anisotropy; residual stresses can reduce the materials ability to withstand the design load and therefore require quantitative determination. NDE methods considered in this paper for surface inspection include visual inspection, dye penetrants, dye-enhanced radiography and ultrasonic testing with surface waves. In the future acoustic microscopy as well as photoacoustic microscopy will provide the highest sensitivity and resolution for surface inspection problems. Finally, from the point of view of mass production, vibration analysis will provide an attractive quality control method prior to more sophisticated NDE techniques. 37012
Grellner, W.; Henze, P.; Schwetz, K.A.; Lipp, A.
Defect evaluation in silicon carbide and silicon nitride: Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, Lubeck-Travemunde ( F R G ) 14-17 Apr. 1986. pp. 815-823. Edited by W. Bunk and H. Hausner, Verlag Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft (FRG), 1205 pp. (1986) The reliability of ceramic components depends on a combination of the given load and of inherent material properties. One of the essentials in the product of the local stress, a geometric factor and the square root of the largest dimension of the defect under load. Optimizing the design of a component helps to minimize the first two of the above mentioned factors but the latter has to be reduced by the fabrication process. A number of test methods can be used to determine these discontinuities. Nondestructive testing techniques include microfocus radiography, ultrasonics, acoustic emission, vibration analysis and dye penetrants. The results given here show the demands during development of materials and components as well as during production of ceramic articles in the case of SiC and Si3N4. Specific economic aspects are discussed. 36743
Cawley, P.
Rapid production quality control by vibration measurements Materials Evaluation, Vol.45, No.5, pp. 564-568 (May 1987) The nondestructive testing of mass-produced components by natural frequency measurements has been investigated. Batches of three types of component have been tested. Two of these components were fabricated from sintered-powder metal and one was brazed. The results show that cracking in the sintered components and gaps in the brazed joint in the brazed component can reliably be detected. The minimum size of defect that can be found is satisfactory for manufacturers' requirements. The test takes about one second to carry out, is amenable to automation, and could readily be incorporated on a production line.
Each entry in N D T Abstracts consists of the serial number in the National N D T Centre Information Store for identification purposes; the title of the paper, book or report; the name of the author; the name of the source journal or document and the abstracts. Where necessary, author's names and the title of foreign journals have been transliterated into the Latin alphabet according to British Standard BS 2979: 1958.
Information Service, US Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA. British and foreign standards can be obtained from Sales Department, British Standards Institution, 101 Pentonville Road, London N1 9ND; and British and foreign patents from the Patents Office Sales Branch, Block C, Station Square House, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3RD.
Availability of Publications
Information-retrieval Service
Most papers listed may be obtained as loans or copies via local library or direct from Loans Department, British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, Yorkshire LS23 7BQ. Details of the British Lending Library's UK and International Services may be obtained from The Director, British Library Lending Division. Technical reports are also available from the Loans Department of the British Lending Library and in the USA from the National Technical
NDT & E International April 1 991
All entries are indexed in a computerized retrieval system, located at Harwell, which allows rapid searching of information relevant to any particular inspection problem. This service is available to both U K and overseas organizations through the National N D T Centre's Qualtis Subscription Scheme - further details are available from Phil Lawrence on Abingdon (0235) 433391. © 1991 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
107
Hills, P.W.
Data collection techniques for vibration based condition monitoring NDT-86. Proceedings of the 21st Annual British Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (United Kingdom), 16-18 Sep. 1986 pp. 455-476. Edited by J.M. Farley and P.D. Hanstead. Engineering Materials Advisory Services Ltd. (1987) For NDT techniques to be fully effective it is essential that data acquisition, evaluation and reporting are systematic and comprehensive. This paper describes a variety of systems applied to vibration based condition monitoring. These comprise manual periodic vibration checks, automated data collection, continuous monitoring and integrated plant systems. 37518
Summerscales, J. (ed.)
Non-destructive testing of fibre-reinforced plastics composites. Volume 1 Elsevier Applied Science (1987) An extensive review of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques as applied to fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) is presented. Composite materials, unlike metals, have poor electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, high acoustic attenuation and significant anisotropy of the mechanical and physical properties. An FRP is a heterogeneous medium which can contain multiple defect geometries consequently choice of NDE techniques for such materials presents some problems. 37458
Thyseenlndustrie A G.
Surface testing arrangement for locating cracks and defects European Patent No. 207,338 (7 Jan. 1987) 37290
Anon
NDT of jet engines: An industry survey, part one Materials Evaluation, Vol. 44, No. 14, pp. 1477-1485 (Dec. 1986) Various non destructive testing techniques used in jet engines are discussed from visual and borescope tests, dye penetrant tests, leak detection and holography to air flow, measurements, stress analysis and acoustic microscopy. 37188
Henneke, E.G. 11; Reifsnider, K.L.; Stinchcomb, W.W.
Vibrothermograpby: investigation, development and application of a new nondestructive evaluation technique Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg (United States), AD-A175-373, 23 pp. (26 Nov. 1986) A summary is presented of the major findings of a program whose objective was to investigate the phenomenon of preferential heat generation around damaged regions in materials subjected to mechanical vibrations and to develop an understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process. Vibrothermography is a nondestructive inspection technique based upon the utilization of this phenomenon. It has been found that this technique has considerable potential for inspecting composite materials. A significant amount of knowledge has been gained concerning the nature of the heat generation process and the relation of the frequency dependence of the heat patterns to the mechanical excitations. In particular, we now have convincing evidence that the heat generation around a delamination-type defect occurs preferentially at frequencies corresponding to natural resonance modes of anisotropic plates having the size of the delamination and subjected to fixed-fixed boundary conditions. 37031
Beebe, R.
Machine conditioning monitoring - an overview Nondestructive Testing - Australia, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 4-8 (Jam/Feb. 1987) This article presents an overview of condition monitoring of machines. The various techniques discussed include NDT/visual inspection, wear products/contaminants analysis, performance analysis, and vibration analysis.
37026
Goebbels, K.; Reiter, H.; Arnold, W.; Hirsekorn, S.
A concept for the quality assurance of components of the ceramic gas turbine by Nondestructive Testing (In German) Fraunhofer-Institut, Saarbrucken (Federal Republic of Germany), N86- 17773, 55 pp. (Aug. 1985) This work to develop nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for components made from high temperature and high strength ceramics was sponsored during the years 1977-1983 by the BMFF in a ceramic gas turbine program. The central task was to make available NDT methods for the detection of defects with linear dimensions between 10 and 100 microns. The presented final report demonstrates the elaborated concept for quality assurance. 37015
Goebbels, K.
Non-Destructive evaluation of ceramic components for engines Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, Lubeck-Travemunde ( F R G ) 14-17 Apr. 1986. pp. 779-787. Edited by W. Bunk and H. Hausner, Verlag Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft ( F R G ) , 1205 pp. (1986) Surface defects in ceramics are more critical than internal defects and cracklike defects are much more severe then volumetric flaws such as inclusions. Therefore. NDE methods not only have to detect and to locate the defects, they also have to characterize them in terms of location, type, size and orientation. Microstructural features which need to be characterized by NDE include inhomogeneity and anisotropy; residual stresses can reduce the materials ability to withstand the design load and therefore require quantitative determination. NDE methods considered in this paper for surface inspection include visual inspection, dye penetrants, dye-enhanced radiography and ultrasonic testing with surface waves. In the future acoustic microscopy as well as photoacoustic microscopy will provide the highest sensitivity and resolution for surface inspection problems. Finally, from the point of view of mass production, vibration analysis will provide an attractive quality control method prior to more sophisticated NDE techniques. 37012
Grellner, W.; Henze, P.; Schwetz, K.A.; Lipp, A.
Defect evaluation in silicon carbide and silicon nitride: Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, Lubeck-Travemunde ( F R G ) 14-17 Apr. 1986. pp. 815-823. Edited by W. Bunk and H. Hausner, Verlag Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft (FRG), 1205 pp. (1986) The reliability of ceramic components depends on a combination of the given load and of inherent material properties. One of the essentials in the product of the local stress, a geometric factor and the square root of the largest dimension of the defect under load. Optimizing the design of a component helps to minimize the first two of the above mentioned factors but the latter has to be reduced by the fabrication process. A number of test methods can be used to determine these discontinuities. Nondestructive testing techniques include microfocus radiography, ultrasonics, acoustic emission, vibration analysis and dye penetrants. The results given here show the demands during development of materials and components as well as during production of ceramic articles in the case of SiC and Si3N4. Specific economic aspects are discussed. 36743
Cawley, P.
Rapid production quality control by vibration measurements Materials Evaluation, Vol.45, No.5, pp. 564-568 (May 1987) The nondestructive testing of mass-produced components by natural frequency measurements has been investigated. Batches of three types of component have been tested. Two of these components were fabricated from sintered-powder metal and one was brazed. The results show that cracking in the sintered components and gaps in the brazed joint in the brazed component can reliably be detected. The minimum size of defect that can be found is satisfactory for manufacturers' requirements. The test takes about one second to carry out, is amenable to automation, and could readily be incorporated on a production line.
Each entry in N D T Abstracts consists of the serial number in the National N D T Centre Information Store for identification purposes; the title of the paper, book or report; the name of the author; the name of the source journal or document and the abstracts. Where necessary, author's names and the title of foreign journals have been transliterated into the Latin alphabet according to British Standard BS 2979: 1958.
Information Service, US Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA. British and foreign standards can be obtained from Sales Department, British Standards Institution, 101 Pentonville Road, London N1 9ND; and British and foreign patents from the Patents Office Sales Branch, Block C, Station Square House, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3RD.
Availability of Publications
Information-retrieval Service
Most papers listed may be obtained as loans or copies via local library or direct from Loans Department, British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, Yorkshire LS23 7BQ. Details of the British Lending Library's UK and International Services may be obtained from The Director, British Library Lending Division. Technical reports are also available from the Loans Department of the British Lending Library and in the USA from the National Technical
NDT & E International April 1 991
All entries are indexed in a computerized retrieval system, located at Harwell, which allows rapid searching of information relevant to any particular inspection problem. This service is available to both U K and overseas organizations through the National N D T Centre's Qualtis Subscription Scheme - further details are available from Phil Lawrence on Abingdon (0235) 433391. © 1991 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
107