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Non-linear finite element analysis and ADINA Proceedings of the ADINA Conference, August 1979
: T h e 210 i n c o r p o r a t e s t h e T I B 0 2 0 3 b u b b l e m e m o r y , w h i c h has, a n a s y m m e t r i c c h e v r o n g e o m e t r y c h i p for SUl2eri0r p e r f o r m a n c e . It e m p l o y s m a j o r - m i n o r l o o p a r c h i t e c t u r e to give a t y p i c a l access t i m e o f 4 ms. T h e 210 h a s a d a t a t r a n s f e r rate o f 5 0 K bits/see a n d m e m o r y m a p p e d d a t a transfer. It i n c l u d e s c u s t o m c o n t r o l l e r - a n d all s u p p o r t circuits. S u p p l y v o l t a g e s are + 5 , + 1 2 V, a n d the series fits T M 9 9 0 / 5 1 0 a n d / 5 2 0 c a r d cages. A s p e c i f i c a t i o n leaflet, C L - 4 6 6 , is a v a i l a b l e . So is a r e l i a b i l i t y r e p o r t , C A 2 0 0 , o n the T I N 0203, w h i c h s h o w s t h a t , for a t y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n in w h i c h 6.8 x 107 bits per y e a r are w r i t t e n , t h e o p e r a t i n g life test results e x t r a p o l a t e to=a failure rate (based o n d u t y cycle ratios) of 0.001% per 1000 h at 5 0 ° C at a 60% c o n f i d e n c e level. T e x a s I n s t r u m e n t s are c o n f i d e n t t h a t the n e w b o a r d series will h a v e a t t r a c t i o n s for the d e s i g n e r in i n d u s t r i a l Control, w h e r e its n o n - v o l a t i l i t y has clear benefits in ' p o w e r - d o w n ' sitlzations. T e x a s I n s t r u m e n t s were first to go i n t o c o m m e r c i a l p r o d u c t i o n with the b u b b l e m e m o r y , w h e n they d e s i g n e d it i n t o their M o d e l 765 p o r t a b l e d a t a t e r m i n a l .
BOOK REVIEWS Machine and Assembly Language Programming of the PDP-I1 Arthur Gill P r e n t i c e H a l l I n t e r n a t i o n a l , E n g l e w o o d Cliffs. £11.65 This programming text is based on a course in machine structures given at the University of California at Berkeley. The whole book is written around the Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-II family of computers. The objective of the book is to familiarize the reader with the basic organizational and operational features of the PDP-I 1 and to present machine and assembly language techniques for this class of computers. It is :not a general text on machine su'uctures, and does not attempt to provide a comprehensive treatment of available computer organizations and assemblers. Chapter 1 outlines algorithms for converting numbers from one system (binary, octal, decimal) to another. Chapter 2 describes the 6rganizational structure of the PDP-11 (the central memory, central processor and peripheral devices). Chapter 3 explains how numbers (integers and floating point), characters and strings are represented in the PDP=II. Chapter 4 describes the PDP-I l's instruction format and addressing modes, and Chapter 5 introduces the reader to assembly language programming. The remaining chapters delve deeper into operational details and describe further, techniques. Chapter 6 introduces stacks and subroutines (including recursion). Chapter 7 looks closer at the PDP-I I's arithmetic (including double precision) and other operations, such as test, comparison, branch and shift operations. Chapter 8 explains the trap and ,interrupt mechanisms. Chapter 9 describes the workings of the assembler and linkage editor and the notation of relocation. Chapter 10 introduces advanced assembler facilities, such as macros, repeated assembly and conditional assembly. The book ends with a number of appendices consisting of reference lists, tables and a set of notes on programming style. This is a well presented book which meets the stated objectives of the author. It is useful as an introductory text but more importantly it is a book for the serious user of the PDP-I 1 series of minicomputers. In this respect it is ideal for those users who have little or no previous experience of machine and assembly language programming. The author provides many excellent worked examples within the text. However, a minor criticism of the book is that no solutions or discussions are provided for the exercises Which would, otherwise be of great use to the inexperienced user.
D, J. Collington
190 Ado. Eng. Software, 1980, Vol. 2, No. 4
finite e l e m e n t analysis and A D I N A Proceedings of the ADINA Conference, A u g u s t 1979 Non-linear
Edited by K. J. Bathe The conference was centred around the application of the ADINA and ADINAT finite element computer systems developed principally by K. J. Bathe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. A total of 37 papers are presented which can be classified as being either applications of the basic systems or the presentation of software develpments and improved numerical models. The application presented cover linear, non-linear (both material and geometric) and transient dynamic situations. Typical non-linear studies include the large displacement analysis of cable structures, numerical analysis of cyclic plasticity and failure problems, nuclear waste disposal simulation and the non-linear transient response of turbofan blades due to foreign object impact. A large proportion of the papers are related to transient dynamic applications. These include elasto-plastic dynamic fracture studies, large displacement elastic-plastic analysis of shell structures and ship collision problems. Other applications of note are fluid element modelling and fluid/structure interaction problems. The proceedings also contain papers on the development of interactive mesh generation techniques and post-processing computer programs. A significant paper is one discussing the role of minicomputers in structural analysis and further software developments are discussed in papers outlining constraint techniques for adaptive mesh refinement and load updating for grossly deforming pressurised structures. One of the major contributions of the text lies in the number of detailed applications presented; with many of the numerical analyses being compared with experimental results. As well as, naturally, being invaluable to ADINA users this proceedings can be recommended to researchers and practical engineers who are concerned with the development and application of numerical methods. The text will be of special interest to those concerned with general non-linearfinite element analysis and transient dynamic situations.
D. R. J. Owen Compatible Fortran
A, Colin Day C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y Press, L o n d o n . £5.95 This book is an attempt to define a standard subset of Fortran which will run on any computer. The author describes this language as CF or Compatible Fortran. The book is divided into sections covering the various program strtictures found in Fortran such as DO loops, control structures, functions etc, and discusses the problems of portability and eventually defines a standard which should run on any computer. Perhal6s the most useful chapters in the book are the ones covering character manipulation and numerical problems. From my experience one of the most difficult portability problems with Fortran is the lack of facilities for handling characters. The author discusses this problem in detail and describes three Fortran functions to provide CF character handling. Concluding chapters consider the problems associated with the transfer of programs from one computer to another and the final section attempts to advise on good programming and documentation practice. In conclusion the book provides a good guide to the avoidance of the common faults made in Fortran programming and is essential reading for engineers who program in Fortran.
R. A. Adey J
Structured Design: Fundamentals of a Discipline of Computer Program and Systems Design E d w a r d Y o u r d o n a n d L a r r y L. C o n s t a n t i n e P r e n t i c e - H a l l , E n g l e w o o d Cliffs, 1979. £13.70 A valuable introduction to the design of computer programs, which should be of interest to all scientists and engineers involved in the production and development of computer codes. The material presented is organized into six sections. Section I introduces the basic concepts of structured design and locates it in the process of system, or program, development. This includes a review of basic terminology and the definition of pictorial methods used in the description of systems structure.
BOOK REVIEWS Machine and Assembly Language Programming of the PDP-I1 Arthur Gill P r e n t i c e H a l l I n t e r n a t i o n a l , E n g l e w o o d Cliffs. £11.65 This programming text is based on a course in machine structures given at the University of California at Berkeley. The whole book is written around the Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-II family of computers. The objective of the book is to familiarize the reader with the basic organizational and operational features of the PDP-I 1 and to present machine and assembly language techniques for this class of computers. It is :not a general text on machine su'uctures, and does not attempt to provide a comprehensive treatment of available computer organizations and assemblers. Chapter 1 outlines algorithms for converting numbers from one system (binary, octal, decimal) to another. Chapter 2 describes the 6rganizational structure of the PDP-11 (the central memory, central processor and peripheral devices). Chapter 3 explains how numbers (integers and floating point), characters and strings are represented in the PDP=II. Chapter 4 describes the PDP-I l's instruction format and addressing modes, and Chapter 5 introduces the reader to assembly language programming. The remaining chapters delve deeper into operational details and describe further, techniques. Chapter 6 introduces stacks and subroutines (including recursion). Chapter 7 looks closer at the PDP-I I's arithmetic (including double precision) and other operations, such as test, comparison, branch and shift operations. Chapter 8 explains the trap and ,interrupt mechanisms. Chapter 9 describes the workings of the assembler and linkage editor and the notation of relocation. Chapter 10 introduces advanced assembler facilities, such as macros, repeated assembly and conditional assembly. The book ends with a number of appendices consisting of reference lists, tables and a set of notes on programming style. This is a well presented book which meets the stated objectives of the author. It is useful as an introductory text but more importantly it is a book for the serious user of the PDP-I 1 series of minicomputers. In this respect it is ideal for those users who have little or no previous experience of machine and assembly language programming. The author provides many excellent worked examples within the text. However, a minor criticism of the book is that no solutions or discussions are provided for the exercises Which would, otherwise be of great use to the inexperienced user.
D, J. Collington
190 Ado. Eng. Software, 1980, Vol. 2, No. 4
finite e l e m e n t analysis and A D I N A Proceedings of the ADINA Conference, A u g u s t 1979 Non-linear
Edited by K. J. Bathe The conference was centred around the application of the ADINA and ADINAT finite element computer systems developed principally by K. J. Bathe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. A total of 37 papers are presented which can be classified as being either applications of the basic systems or the presentation of software develpments and improved numerical models. The application presented cover linear, non-linear (both material and geometric) and transient dynamic situations. Typical non-linear studies include the large displacement analysis of cable structures, numerical analysis of cyclic plasticity and failure problems, nuclear waste disposal simulation and the non-linear transient response of turbofan blades due to foreign object impact. A large proportion of the papers are related to transient dynamic applications. These include elasto-plastic dynamic fracture studies, large displacement elastic-plastic analysis of shell structures and ship collision problems. Other applications of note are fluid element modelling and fluid/structure interaction problems. The proceedings also contain papers on the development of interactive mesh generation techniques and post-processing computer programs. A significant paper is one discussing the role of minicomputers in structural analysis and further software developments are discussed in papers outlining constraint techniques for adaptive mesh refinement and load updating for grossly deforming pressurised structures. One of the major contributions of the text lies in the number of detailed applications presented; with many of the numerical analyses being compared with experimental results. As well as, naturally, being invaluable to ADINA users this proceedings can be recommended to researchers and practical engineers who are concerned with the development and application of numerical methods. The text will be of special interest to those concerned with general non-linearfinite element analysis and transient dynamic situations.
D. R. J. Owen Compatible Fortran
A, Colin Day C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y Press, L o n d o n . £5.95 This book is an attempt to define a standard subset of Fortran which will run on any computer. The author describes this language as CF or Compatible Fortran. The book is divided into sections covering the various program strtictures found in Fortran such as DO loops, control structures, functions etc, and discusses the problems of portability and eventually defines a standard which should run on any computer. Perhal6s the most useful chapters in the book are the ones covering character manipulation and numerical problems. From my experience one of the most difficult portability problems with Fortran is the lack of facilities for handling characters. The author discusses this problem in detail and describes three Fortran functions to provide CF character handling. Concluding chapters consider the problems associated with the transfer of programs from one computer to another and the final section attempts to advise on good programming and documentation practice. In conclusion the book provides a good guide to the avoidance of the common faults made in Fortran programming and is essential reading for engineers who program in Fortran.
R. A. Adey J
Structured Design: Fundamentals of a Discipline of Computer Program and Systems Design E d w a r d Y o u r d o n a n d L a r r y L. C o n s t a n t i n e P r e n t i c e - H a l l , E n g l e w o o d Cliffs, 1979. £13.70 A valuable introduction to the design of computer programs, which should be of interest to all scientists and engineers involved in the production and development of computer codes. The material presented is organized into six sections. Section I introduces the basic concepts of structured design and locates it in the process of system, or program, development. This includes a review of basic terminology and the definition of pictorial methods used in the description of systems structure.