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Non-visual effects of light and colour
Finally he points to recent research which explores new and more subtle variables.
Road vehicle manufactures use the hip (H) point as a reference point for the design of the driver's position using anthropometric templates. The seat index point (SIP) and the seat 14.3.27 (84164) reference point (SRP) are used Vaughan, W.S., Glass, R.A., and respectively for agricultural and Williams, J. construction machines, and for Determinants of display legibility in agricultural and forestry machines and dark turbid waters, Human Factors, ride-on rotary lawn mowers. To 1982, 24.2, 193-201. determine which of these reference The physical characteristics of points can be used for the design of naturally turbid near-shore and inshore other driving and control positions waters were simulated by substituting (cranes, forklifts, trains, ships) with latex spheres for natural suspensoids. floor-mounted upholstered seats (the Four samples of artificially turbid H-point is given in DIN 33 408, part 1, waters were prepared to represent "Kieler Puppe/Kiel manikin") turbidity variations typical of coastal comparative measurements were taken oceanic and harbour/bay waters. These with three different measuring devices were used as viewing media in laboratory on 17 vehicle seats. Despite large experiments on display legibility. differences in seat geometry and Systematic control of sizes and upholstery the position of SIP and concentrations of particles suspended in SRP lie in the relatively narrow areas the water enabled the assessment of of 6 x 2 0 m m a n d 1 8 x 1 8 m m i n light-scattering effects as a factor in relation to the H point. The uniform display optimisation for undersea use of the SIP is recommended for system applications. Scattering design work with the Kiel manikin° phenomena were significant determinants of display legibility in harbour/bay but not coastal ocean viewing media. 14.3.30 (83953)
Illumination
Workplace layout and equipment design 14.3.28 (83931 )
Wilson, J.R. The measurement of domestic activity space. Ergonomics, 1982, 2 5 . 5 , 4 0 1 418. The paper discusses some of the issues which arose out of an investigation into domestic activity space requirements, carried out for the Department of the Environment. The main purpose of the work was to combine information from published literature with data collected during some laboratory investigations in order to produce a manual of activity space requirements. The issues considered here are the data collection methods used (video-recording and a Cartesian Optoelectronic Dynamic Anthropometer); sample selection and size; criteria for normal, restricted and ranges of activity space; psychological space requirements; and the effects of posture on activity space. 14.3.29 (83934)
Castagnoli, A,, and lannaccone, A. Evaluation of ambient lighting conditions at visual display terminal workplaces (Valutazione delie Condizioni Ambientali Relative alia Luminosita nei Locali con Video Terminali). (In Italian,) Securitas, 1981, 6 5 . 5 - 1 2 , 2 7 6 - 2 8 4 . A methodology for evaluating visibility conditions for the operators of visual display terminals (VDT) has been reported. Since it was impossible to base eye troubles and visual fatigue on the illumination levels, the authors compare the luminances of the various visual field surfaces. Maximum allowable ratios of luminances in the field of vision have been reported in order to ensure both the best visibility conditions for contemporaneouslyperceived surfaces and a comfortable distribution luminance. External conditions, the arrangement of the VDT and the fenestration have been shown to influence the values of the measurements. The authors have evidenced some planning errors depending on the arrangement of the visual display unit (VDU) and other drawbacks depending on the position of the VDT.
Ruhmann, H. Comparative illustration and measurement of reference points on vehicle seats (Vergleichende Darstellung und Messung von Sitzbezugspunkten an Fahrzeugsitzen). (In German.)
Zeitschrift fur Arbeitswissenschaft, 1982, 36.1, 41-48.
224
Applied Ergonomics
14.3.31 (83956)
Kuller, R. Non-visual effects of light and colour. Annotated bibliography. Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm, Sweden, Publication No D15:81, 1981, 239 pp.
September1983
Solar radiation has a profound effect on the human organism I This effect might be transformed by artificial illumination. The aim of this bibliography is to bring together in a comprehensive form the existing knowledge regarding the normal physiological and psychological effects of light and cotour, including the following topics: Effects of solar radiation on the skin; physiological effects of daylight and artificial illumination entering the eye; preferences for light, colour and visual patterns; the impact of culture and personality; light and colour in the built environment. Amongst others, the review indicates artificial light might cause stress-like reactions, if it is intense, if the spectrum considerably deviates from that of natural d a y , t , or if it is flickering and glaring, The bibliography was compiled at the Environmental Psychology Unit, Lund Institute of Technology,with financial support from the Swedish Council for Building Research. It constitutes a CIE TC 3'5 sub-committee report. 14.3.32 (83957)
Shahnavaz, H. VDU-operators' preferred environmental conditions in a telephone information centre. University of Luleai Sweden, Report No TULEA 1982:11. 1982,. 32 pp. Environmental conditions such as the lighting and dimensions of workplaces and factors related to Visual Display Units have been measured during day and night shifts for 28 operators at a telephone information centre. A Hagner universal photometer, an EG & G Photometer-Radiometer and an automatic spectroradiometer were used for light measurements. The results of the survey show that the operators preferred in general much lower luminance and workplace illuminance than previously reported in the literature. The study also revealed large inter-individual differences in screen and workplace lighting adjustment. 14.3.33 (83958)
Weis, B., and Pawlowski, G. Modern mine lighting in Germany (Moderne Bergwerksbeleuehtung in Deutschland). (In German.) Licht, 1980, No 1 1 , 5 6 8 - 5 7 2 , 5 7 7 ; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 81-1581 ). Mine lighting requirements are reviewed and the basic characteristics of effective l ~ t i n g are enumerated: nominal i ~ u m ~ t i o n tevel, uniform local lighting, ~ t colour temperature. Advice on lighting d ~ i and calculation, specific ~recom~ndations for lighting different mine areas (shaft;
Road vehicle manufactures use the hip (H) point as a reference point for the design of the driver's position using anthropometric templates. The seat index point (SIP) and the seat 14.3.27 (84164) reference point (SRP) are used Vaughan, W.S., Glass, R.A., and respectively for agricultural and Williams, J. construction machines, and for Determinants of display legibility in agricultural and forestry machines and dark turbid waters, Human Factors, ride-on rotary lawn mowers. To 1982, 24.2, 193-201. determine which of these reference The physical characteristics of points can be used for the design of naturally turbid near-shore and inshore other driving and control positions waters were simulated by substituting (cranes, forklifts, trains, ships) with latex spheres for natural suspensoids. floor-mounted upholstered seats (the Four samples of artificially turbid H-point is given in DIN 33 408, part 1, waters were prepared to represent "Kieler Puppe/Kiel manikin") turbidity variations typical of coastal comparative measurements were taken oceanic and harbour/bay waters. These with three different measuring devices were used as viewing media in laboratory on 17 vehicle seats. Despite large experiments on display legibility. differences in seat geometry and Systematic control of sizes and upholstery the position of SIP and concentrations of particles suspended in SRP lie in the relatively narrow areas the water enabled the assessment of of 6 x 2 0 m m a n d 1 8 x 1 8 m m i n light-scattering effects as a factor in relation to the H point. The uniform display optimisation for undersea use of the SIP is recommended for system applications. Scattering design work with the Kiel manikin° phenomena were significant determinants of display legibility in harbour/bay but not coastal ocean viewing media. 14.3.30 (83953)
Illumination
Workplace layout and equipment design 14.3.28 (83931 )
Wilson, J.R. The measurement of domestic activity space. Ergonomics, 1982, 2 5 . 5 , 4 0 1 418. The paper discusses some of the issues which arose out of an investigation into domestic activity space requirements, carried out for the Department of the Environment. The main purpose of the work was to combine information from published literature with data collected during some laboratory investigations in order to produce a manual of activity space requirements. The issues considered here are the data collection methods used (video-recording and a Cartesian Optoelectronic Dynamic Anthropometer); sample selection and size; criteria for normal, restricted and ranges of activity space; psychological space requirements; and the effects of posture on activity space. 14.3.29 (83934)
Castagnoli, A,, and lannaccone, A. Evaluation of ambient lighting conditions at visual display terminal workplaces (Valutazione delie Condizioni Ambientali Relative alia Luminosita nei Locali con Video Terminali). (In Italian,) Securitas, 1981, 6 5 . 5 - 1 2 , 2 7 6 - 2 8 4 . A methodology for evaluating visibility conditions for the operators of visual display terminals (VDT) has been reported. Since it was impossible to base eye troubles and visual fatigue on the illumination levels, the authors compare the luminances of the various visual field surfaces. Maximum allowable ratios of luminances in the field of vision have been reported in order to ensure both the best visibility conditions for contemporaneouslyperceived surfaces and a comfortable distribution luminance. External conditions, the arrangement of the VDT and the fenestration have been shown to influence the values of the measurements. The authors have evidenced some planning errors depending on the arrangement of the visual display unit (VDU) and other drawbacks depending on the position of the VDT.
Ruhmann, H. Comparative illustration and measurement of reference points on vehicle seats (Vergleichende Darstellung und Messung von Sitzbezugspunkten an Fahrzeugsitzen). (In German.)
Zeitschrift fur Arbeitswissenschaft, 1982, 36.1, 41-48.
224
Applied Ergonomics
14.3.31 (83956)
Kuller, R. Non-visual effects of light and colour. Annotated bibliography. Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm, Sweden, Publication No D15:81, 1981, 239 pp.
September1983
Solar radiation has a profound effect on the human organism I This effect might be transformed by artificial illumination. The aim of this bibliography is to bring together in a comprehensive form the existing knowledge regarding the normal physiological and psychological effects of light and cotour, including the following topics: Effects of solar radiation on the skin; physiological effects of daylight and artificial illumination entering the eye; preferences for light, colour and visual patterns; the impact of culture and personality; light and colour in the built environment. Amongst others, the review indicates artificial light might cause stress-like reactions, if it is intense, if the spectrum considerably deviates from that of natural d a y , t , or if it is flickering and glaring, The bibliography was compiled at the Environmental Psychology Unit, Lund Institute of Technology,with financial support from the Swedish Council for Building Research. It constitutes a CIE TC 3'5 sub-committee report. 14.3.32 (83957)
Shahnavaz, H. VDU-operators' preferred environmental conditions in a telephone information centre. University of Luleai Sweden, Report No TULEA 1982:11. 1982,. 32 pp. Environmental conditions such as the lighting and dimensions of workplaces and factors related to Visual Display Units have been measured during day and night shifts for 28 operators at a telephone information centre. A Hagner universal photometer, an EG & G Photometer-Radiometer and an automatic spectroradiometer were used for light measurements. The results of the survey show that the operators preferred in general much lower luminance and workplace illuminance than previously reported in the literature. The study also revealed large inter-individual differences in screen and workplace lighting adjustment. 14.3.33 (83958)
Weis, B., and Pawlowski, G. Modern mine lighting in Germany (Moderne Bergwerksbeleuehtung in Deutschland). (In German.) Licht, 1980, No 1 1 , 5 6 8 - 5 7 2 , 5 7 7 ; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 81-1581 ). Mine lighting requirements are reviewed and the basic characteristics of effective l ~ t i n g are enumerated: nominal i ~ u m ~ t i o n tevel, uniform local lighting, ~ t colour temperature. Advice on lighting d ~ i and calculation, specific ~recom~ndations for lighting different mine areas (shaft;