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North American polygraph and psychophysiology: disinterested, uninterested and interested perspectives
Abstracts 7th IOP .Scient$ic Meeting /International tests and MRI within 10 days of their first attack. ERG in photopic and scotopic conditions, Flash- VEP and PR-VEP were recorded, the ability of chromatic vision was assessed through the automated lOO-hue test and the optic track was examined with MRI using Gd-DTPA and techniques to suppress the orbital adipose tissue signal (STIR sequence). The amplitude of the b-wave of ERG in photopic conditions was significantly lower (p
Speech diagnosis tive pathology
of the states of norm and affec-
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and M.V. Frolov, Neurophysioloy); Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Russia The purpose of our investigations was the elaboration of a method of diagnosis of the states of men-operators and patients with depression. The experiments were conducted under conditions of real activity in a psychiatric hospital. Psychomotor and emotional shifts elicited in the states of norm and affective pathology were analysed. Characteristics of the rate and intonational colour of patients speech served as the informational parameters. As a result of these investigations sufficiently simple verbal estimations, allowing quantitative formalisation, were obtained. The latter allow diagnosis of the state of the examined persons, judgement of the distribution of excitation and inhibition foci at different speech levels (ideator, motor, intonational), conduction of comparative analysis of the behaviour of the informational parameters in normal and pathological states, etc. There was a high correlation of the suggested estimations both with the type of major affect (melancholy, anxiety) and seriousness of the depressive disease on the one hand and with the course of treatment and normalisation of the patient’s state at the moment of discharge from hospital on the other. The effective method of analysis suggested in this investigation does not require application of contact sensors. It allows the achievement of long-term diagnosis, which may be noticeable or not for the man-operator (patient), without his physical or psychological discomfort.
Journal
of
Psychophysiology 18 (1994) 87-159
105
North American polygraph and psychophysiology: disinterested, uninterested and interested perspectives J. Furedy, Department of Psychology, University Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S IA1
of
From both an applied and scientific psychophysiological point of view, the related but different ideas of using physiological measures to detect and differentiate deception are of considerable potential interest. The detection of deception is of obvious practical social significance, while deception as a psychological process is of great interest in its own right, if only because of its evolutionary sign& cance as an alternative to the fight/flight response. A disinterested approach to both detection and differentiation is one that employs the fundamental terms in a logically consistent way. and that bases its conclusions on empirical evidence interpreted in a logical rather than rhetorical way. I shall suggest that, by and large, the psychophysiological community, as represented by the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR), has failed to measure up to the standards of disinterestedness both with respect to the detection and to the differentiation of deception. Instead, SPR has adopted an uninterested perspective. This has allowed the interested community of professionals who employ that peculiarly North American flight of technological fancy, the so-called “Control” Question so-called “Test” (CQT) polygraph, to hoodwink both themselves and others (including the American Psychological Association) that the CQT is a controversial, but scientifically based, test for detecting deception. It was the conference host country’s ancestors, the ancient Greek philosophers, who first clearly formulated the concept of disinterested enquiry. It is time that the concept was applied by psychophysiologists to the detection and differentiation of deception.
Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with arm movements during balancing on an unstable support surface G.N. Gantchev, D. Dimitrova, Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria This study aims to investigate the pattern of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAS) associated with arm movements during balancing on an unstable support surface as a mechanism of co-ordination between movement and posture in this specific motor task. The experiments were performed on healthy subjects (Ss) aged between 25 and 45 years. Two series of experiments were carried out: (1) the Ss stood on a stable platform, and (2) on an unstable platform (see-saw with rounded base 60 cm in radius and 12 cm in horizontal position). The Ss were instructed to per-
Speech diagnosis tive pathology
of the states of norm and affec-
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and M.V. Frolov, Neurophysioloy); Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Russia The purpose of our investigations was the elaboration of a method of diagnosis of the states of men-operators and patients with depression. The experiments were conducted under conditions of real activity in a psychiatric hospital. Psychomotor and emotional shifts elicited in the states of norm and affective pathology were analysed. Characteristics of the rate and intonational colour of patients speech served as the informational parameters. As a result of these investigations sufficiently simple verbal estimations, allowing quantitative formalisation, were obtained. The latter allow diagnosis of the state of the examined persons, judgement of the distribution of excitation and inhibition foci at different speech levels (ideator, motor, intonational), conduction of comparative analysis of the behaviour of the informational parameters in normal and pathological states, etc. There was a high correlation of the suggested estimations both with the type of major affect (melancholy, anxiety) and seriousness of the depressive disease on the one hand and with the course of treatment and normalisation of the patient’s state at the moment of discharge from hospital on the other. The effective method of analysis suggested in this investigation does not require application of contact sensors. It allows the achievement of long-term diagnosis, which may be noticeable or not for the man-operator (patient), without his physical or psychological discomfort.
Journal
of
Psychophysiology 18 (1994) 87-159
105
North American polygraph and psychophysiology: disinterested, uninterested and interested perspectives J. Furedy, Department of Psychology, University Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S IA1
of
From both an applied and scientific psychophysiological point of view, the related but different ideas of using physiological measures to detect and differentiate deception are of considerable potential interest. The detection of deception is of obvious practical social significance, while deception as a psychological process is of great interest in its own right, if only because of its evolutionary sign& cance as an alternative to the fight/flight response. A disinterested approach to both detection and differentiation is one that employs the fundamental terms in a logically consistent way. and that bases its conclusions on empirical evidence interpreted in a logical rather than rhetorical way. I shall suggest that, by and large, the psychophysiological community, as represented by the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR), has failed to measure up to the standards of disinterestedness both with respect to the detection and to the differentiation of deception. Instead, SPR has adopted an uninterested perspective. This has allowed the interested community of professionals who employ that peculiarly North American flight of technological fancy, the so-called “Control” Question so-called “Test” (CQT) polygraph, to hoodwink both themselves and others (including the American Psychological Association) that the CQT is a controversial, but scientifically based, test for detecting deception. It was the conference host country’s ancestors, the ancient Greek philosophers, who first clearly formulated the concept of disinterested enquiry. It is time that the concept was applied by psychophysiologists to the detection and differentiation of deception.
Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with arm movements during balancing on an unstable support surface G.N. Gantchev, D. Dimitrova, Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria This study aims to investigate the pattern of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAS) associated with arm movements during balancing on an unstable support surface as a mechanism of co-ordination between movement and posture in this specific motor task. The experiments were performed on healthy subjects (Ss) aged between 25 and 45 years. Two series of experiments were carried out: (1) the Ss stood on a stable platform, and (2) on an unstable platform (see-saw with rounded base 60 cm in radius and 12 cm in horizontal position). The Ss were instructed to per-