- Email: [email protected]
NOTES FROM CHINA.
1239 6. We haven’t all got motors. 7. Government would sanction extra expenditure, so why try ?
never
Indian T-SMppKS. The Pioneer states that the question of water-supply of Simla during the summer months may possibly give rise to There is, however, still time for some anxiety this season. rainfall in the hills-even snow has been known to fall in April, and in that case the spring-level in the catchment The completion of the hydro-electric area would rise. scheme is extremely urgent, and it is to be regretted that the action of the India Office last year caused serious delay in the programme of the works. A scheme for the improvement of the water-supply in Aj mer city has for some time been under consideration by the local authorities and the Government of India. The Government has now granted Rs. 1 lakhs to Ajmer-Merwara, which should prove sufficient to complete the water-supply scheme, and to carry out other sanitary measures awaiting funds. The Nmv Delhi.
Plans are now well advanced for the accommodation of the Government of India at Delhi during the five years which may be expected to elapse while the new capital is being built. The settlement will be self-contained and will include a telegraph office and adequate provision to enable the various departments to conduct their business with dignity and comfort during the months spent at Delhi. The architecture and method of construction will be not unlike those adopted in the exhibition buildings at Allahabad. The walls will be of dudgie, the roofs of corrugated iron, with such simple decoration as this class of material admits. The buildings are to be temporary only, but they will no doubt far outlast the transition period, after which they will form a valuable asset, though their site will ultimately be only a suburb of the capital. :Ihe Indian Bndget. The Indian Budget contains much of medical interest. £ 333,000 are allotted amongst the provinces for sanitation.
Plague in Rajputana. The report on sanitary matters in Rajputana for the official year 1910-11 shows that plague existed continuously during the year throughout the Rajputana States, and that 38,809 The cases of plague, with 22,523 deaths, were reported. percentage of total plague deaths to population was 1-32, and 871 towns and villages were affected. The incidence of the disease was, however, very irregular in the different states, the ratio per 10,000 of the population having been as high as 204 in Tonk, 93 in Bharatpur, 88 in Alwar, and 35 in Jaipur, and as low as 3 in Kishangarh, 1 each in Bikaner and Karauli, and less than 1 in Jhalawa and Sirohi. Notwithstanding this heavy mortality, inoculation was steadily opposed by the majority of the people of the Native States on account of prejudice and ignorance. The New Rabies Treatment. At a meeting of the Central Committee Association, Pasteur Institution, Southern India, held in Madras on March 13th, the Hon. Surgeon-General W. B. Bannerman, I. M S., made an announcement regarding the new treatment for rabies now in use at Conoor and two other Pasteur Institutes in India. Dr. Hogyes, director of the Pasteur Institute, Budapest, in his method, introduced into the Indian Institute some years ago, used fresh brain, or medulla substance, emulsified with sterile salt solution. In the new treatment the same solution is acted on by carbolic acid and kept at blood-heat, for twenty-four hours, which renders it inert, and enables it to be kept for some time without deterioration or contamination. It is hoped that it may be possible to send this carbolised virus to selected centres. The death of Frontier Medical Missionaries. Dr. W. H. Barnett, of the Bannu Mission, died recently from blood poisoning after operating on a patient, and Dr. T. L. Pennell, who had operated on Dr. Barnett, died on March 23rd. You will have already been able to notice these events.1 Let 1
THE
LANCET, April 6th, p. 961.
add that there will be widespread sorrow not only in Bannu but along the whole borderland and in the tribal country as this sad news spreads. The mission at Bannu has for many years done splendid service in giving medical and surgical relief to all-comers, and the value of its work cannot be The missionaries have won the complete over-estimated. confidence of the people. Dr. Pennell in particular had a record never approached in the history of medical mission work on the North-West Frontier. His name was one to conjure with even amongst the wildest and most fanatical tribesmen, and he could have passed unharmed into the remotest villages. Simplicity of purpose and devotion to duty won him universal regard and affection. me
The Bengal Pasteur Institute. Shillong has now been definitely selected as the site of the Pasteur Institute, which will be the Eastern Bengal and Assam tribute to the memory of the late King Edward VII. A New Medical College for Bombay. In Bombay, as a memorial of the Royal visit, it is proposed to erect a new medical college. Travelling Dispensaries. During the year 1910-11 four travelling dispensaries were opened which worked successfully for six months in four districts of the United Provinces, visiting and attending 31,092 villagers in their homes in 2644 villages throughout the most unhealthy part of the year. The system has been extended to 1911-12. -Zllicit Cocaine Traffic. Cocaine to the extent of 75,000 grains, valued at Rs. 5250, brought ashore from the steamer Cleopatra, of the Austrian Lloyd Company, was recently seized at Bombay. The offenders were sentenced respectively to five and six months’
rigorous imprisonment. April 7th.
___________________
NOTES FROM CHINA. (FROM
OUR OWN
CORRESPONDENT.)
A Chinese Sanatorium. IN the south-west corner of China is the large and important province of Yunnan (the third largest in the country), which is a mountain-covered plateau, 108,000 square miles in area and averaging from 5000 to 10,000 feet above sea level. The of the province, Yunnan-fu, lies within the French capital " sphere of influence," and a railway has been built to it from Indo-China which puts within the reach of European residents of Indo-China, South China, Siam, and Burma an unrivalled sanatorium 6500 feet high with about the most equable climate in the world, where one can live with open doors and windows all the year round and enjoy the fresh air minus the tropical heat and damp. It is well known that the present pandemic of plague arose from Yunnan, which has always been noted for the very large number of rats that overrun the populated places of the province. It is therefore interesting to note from a report sent me by Dr. A. M. Vadon, the French medical officer of Yunnan-fu, that there has been no case of plague in the capital or its environs since 1895. As so little is known, medically, about this part of the world the following extracts from Dr. Vadon’s report are of interest and of value because of his extended experience of Yunnan. In spite of the lack of corporal hygiene, and notwithstanding the rank conditions of overcrowding under which the natives live, epidemics are very rare and never of great extent. Cholera, bacillary and amoebic dysenteries, and enteric fever have never been observed, although the well waters are dirty and contaminated from their close proximity to sewers and middens. During the past year there have been sporadic cases of diphtheria, mumps, chickenThere is little enthusiasm among the pox, and small-pox. people for vaccination, inoculation ("les procédés de variolisation ") with pus from the pustules of a benign case being generally preferred. Some headway has, however, been made with vaccination of calf lymph (from Shanghai Municipal Laboratory) by several French-trained native doctors. The endemic affections met with are malaria, goitre, and leprosy. Malaria is mainly imported ; the majority of those who have it suffer from exacerbations biough’i on by the (altered climatic conditions of the country. But in the
1240 Manchuria.-All reports agree in saying that leprosy marshes of the paddy fields there are anopheles maculipennis. Most of the cases are tertian ; a few are quartan, occurs only very rarely, and is then only seen in imported but Dr. Vadon has never observed remittent or hæmo- cases from the south. Dr. D. Christie, writing from globinuric fever cases. In the blood examinations plasmo- Mukden, said: "During my thirty years’ experience dium vivax, as also plasmodium malarias, are most fre- here (and many thousands of patients pass through our quently seen. More rarely plasmodium falciparum is bands every year) I do not think I have seen more than found, and always alone, without association with 20 cases, and all of these came from one or other of the plasmodium vivax, which is held to explain the rela- southern provinces. I have asked other doctors here and tive benign character of the types.. Goitre is very their experience is the same." Dr. de B. Daly, after 15 years’ common, more so in the surrounding villages than in the practice, wrote he had never known of a case of leprosy in towns. Women are more frequently affected than men, a native of Manchuria," and, among others, Dr. Learmcuth, and the goitrous swellings are generally "voluminous" and of South Manchuria, had only seen two cases since 1897, accompanied more often by cardio-vascular than by both of whom had been affected before arrival. Manchuria exophthalmic trouble. The Yunnanese pay little heed to may thus be regarded as endemically free. Chih-li Province.- Leprosy is present, but very rare. In goitre. Leprosy is fairly common. The French Government has an "asile des infirmes et incurables"in which Dr. 10 years’ hospital experience with patients coming from a Vadon is able to observe the lepers more closely. Of 67 cases large area I have only seen two cases-one of them imconfirmed bacteriologically during the past two years 49 were ported. In Tientsin, the large commercial capital, it is "lèpre nerveuse,"13 were" lèpre tuberculeuse,"and 5 " lèpre scarcely ever noted. Shansi.-T wo reports from this province regard the disease migte." Among Yunnanese there is a rooted belief that the commonest cause of leprosy is the ingestion of eggs. Dr. as "almost unknowr." It was not possible to get reliable reports from Kansu or Barbezieux noted in a village where leprosy was common that various fowls showed leprous symptoms, "notamment Shensi, but enough has been said to show that, with the la chute des phalanges." Nothing is said as to the habits of exception of the maritime province of Shantung, leprosy may the Yunnanese with regard to the eating of cured fish. I am, be regarded as a rare disease throughout the greater part of however, told that while it enters into their dietary it is by no North China. means a common article of consumption. No cases of tetanus Peking, April 10th. or anthrax have been seen. Dr. Vadon compares the climate to that of the south of France. Europeans can stay in Yunnan for indefinitely long periods. But the high altitude sometimes provokes, among those who have newly arrived, cardio-vascular troubles which manifest themselves in slight attacks of congestion and spells of "nervosité"; but a state of acclimatisation is reached in from 10 to FREDERICK CHARLES WALLIS, M.B., B.C. CANTAB., 15 days, when all these symptoms disappear. Residence F.R.C.S. ErrG., at such a high altitude (7000 feet), though good for the SURGEON TO CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL AND JOINT LECTURER IN SURGERY AT THE MEDICAL SCHOOL, ETC. healthy, entails an excessive physiological systemic change WE regret to announce the death of Sir Frederick Charles which is badly borne by those with any pathological Thus people suffering from bronchitic, cardiac, Wallis, which occurred at his residence in Harley-street, on taint. or tubercular trouble, and neurasthenic and rheumatic April 26th, from heart failure. Sir Frederick Wallis was born on Dec. 18th, 1859, cases, as also those suffering from chronic malaria, with enlarged spleen or cachexia, have their conditions aggra- being in his fifty-third year at the date of his death. vated and cannot support the change. The effect of the He was educated at Gonville and Caius College, Camaltitude on the Yunnanese is apparent in the morbid state of bridge, and took the B.A. degree in 1879. His clinical feebleness noted in most of them, and this shows itself in experience he gained at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and in their excessive indolence, intellectual as well as physical, 1885 graduated M. B. and B. C. at Cambridge, obtaining and their incapacity for sustained work. It is more marked i subsequently in 1891 the Fellowship of the Royal College of in the indigenous race, the Lolos, than in Chinese settlers. Surgeons of England. His inclination was strongly in the At the same time this passivity should only be noted along with direction of surgery, and while at St. Bartholomew’s Hosthe fact that opium smoking is, or rather was till its recent pital he showed considerable aptitude and skill in filling the enforced stoppage, a widespread habit among them. There junior appointments, and shortly after obtaining his Fellowis need of more scientific inquiry into the cause of this ship he was appointed assistant surgeon to Charing Cross chronic debility, and Dr. Vadon is now devoting himself to Hospital, where he was later lecturer on minor surgery and a series of blood examinations. joint lecturer on surgery. He also held the posts of surgeon to the Grosvenor Hospital and to St. Mark’s Hospital, and Leprosy and the Cimex. was consulting surgeon to the Metropolitan Hospital, Some time ago Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, writing on Kingsland-road, to St. Luke’s Hostel and St. Monica’s Home, this subject, remarked on the rarity of leprosy in North the Willesden Cottage Hospital, and the British Orphan China, and was criticised by Dr. J. L. Maxwell, of Formosa, Asylum. As is indicated by his appointments, he was a who, commenting on what he called "the old fable of thoroughly busy man, the greater part of his work being done leprosy being almost unknown in North China," gave the in the special direction of surgery of the rectum. He was following notes as being the facts of the case :the author of a book on this subject entitled " The Surgery "Shantung Prnvince.-Leprosy abundant ; even estimated of the Rectum," which was founded on personal experience at 1 per 1000 of the population. and had the practical value which is obtained in that way, and he wrote articles for the medical journals and read Manchuria.-Leprosy common. papers at the medical societies upon various phases Kansu Province. -Leprosy plentiful. of his subject. He wrote also in the medical and ChilC-li Province.-Leprosy found but rarely. the lay press upon matters connected with medical Shansi and &,en&i Provinces.-No reliable reports." education, being especially an advocate of the claims Dr. Maxwell’s opinion is not altogether borne out by which the London student has to be placed in a posimedical men resident in the country, and it may settle the tion to get a medical degree upon the reasonable terms that prevail in other medical centres. A breezy speaker and point if I quote some of their reports, as they all agree. Shantung.-Dr. Kautsch, senior German naval staff a forcible writer, some of his sayings in this connexion surgeon, from an experience of five years at the capital attracted wide attention. Sir Frederick Wallis took an active part in the formation of (Tsinan-fu), gives the ratio as 1 per 6000 patients in the A recent survey of the German the Union Jack Club, of which he was a Vice-President, and Government hospital. territory of Kiachow (on the coast) yielded 40 cases of last year when the Coronation honours for work done in th’s leprosy in a population of 150,000. An estimate for the cause were distributed he was the recipient of a knighthood. In 1890 he married the second daughter of the late Mr. whole province put the average at 1 per 10,000 of the population. Dr. Roys reports it as commonest in the central part H. Aspinall, Q.C., Attorney-General of Victoria. The anaesthetic type is by far the most A memorial service was held at St. Andrew’s Church, of the province. ( Wells-street, on Tuesday last. frequent, usually beginning in the ulnar nerve.
Obituary.
.
never
Indian T-SMppKS. The Pioneer states that the question of water-supply of Simla during the summer months may possibly give rise to There is, however, still time for some anxiety this season. rainfall in the hills-even snow has been known to fall in April, and in that case the spring-level in the catchment The completion of the hydro-electric area would rise. scheme is extremely urgent, and it is to be regretted that the action of the India Office last year caused serious delay in the programme of the works. A scheme for the improvement of the water-supply in Aj mer city has for some time been under consideration by the local authorities and the Government of India. The Government has now granted Rs. 1 lakhs to Ajmer-Merwara, which should prove sufficient to complete the water-supply scheme, and to carry out other sanitary measures awaiting funds. The Nmv Delhi.
Plans are now well advanced for the accommodation of the Government of India at Delhi during the five years which may be expected to elapse while the new capital is being built. The settlement will be self-contained and will include a telegraph office and adequate provision to enable the various departments to conduct their business with dignity and comfort during the months spent at Delhi. The architecture and method of construction will be not unlike those adopted in the exhibition buildings at Allahabad. The walls will be of dudgie, the roofs of corrugated iron, with such simple decoration as this class of material admits. The buildings are to be temporary only, but they will no doubt far outlast the transition period, after which they will form a valuable asset, though their site will ultimately be only a suburb of the capital. :Ihe Indian Bndget. The Indian Budget contains much of medical interest. £ 333,000 are allotted amongst the provinces for sanitation.
Plague in Rajputana. The report on sanitary matters in Rajputana for the official year 1910-11 shows that plague existed continuously during the year throughout the Rajputana States, and that 38,809 The cases of plague, with 22,523 deaths, were reported. percentage of total plague deaths to population was 1-32, and 871 towns and villages were affected. The incidence of the disease was, however, very irregular in the different states, the ratio per 10,000 of the population having been as high as 204 in Tonk, 93 in Bharatpur, 88 in Alwar, and 35 in Jaipur, and as low as 3 in Kishangarh, 1 each in Bikaner and Karauli, and less than 1 in Jhalawa and Sirohi. Notwithstanding this heavy mortality, inoculation was steadily opposed by the majority of the people of the Native States on account of prejudice and ignorance. The New Rabies Treatment. At a meeting of the Central Committee Association, Pasteur Institution, Southern India, held in Madras on March 13th, the Hon. Surgeon-General W. B. Bannerman, I. M S., made an announcement regarding the new treatment for rabies now in use at Conoor and two other Pasteur Institutes in India. Dr. Hogyes, director of the Pasteur Institute, Budapest, in his method, introduced into the Indian Institute some years ago, used fresh brain, or medulla substance, emulsified with sterile salt solution. In the new treatment the same solution is acted on by carbolic acid and kept at blood-heat, for twenty-four hours, which renders it inert, and enables it to be kept for some time without deterioration or contamination. It is hoped that it may be possible to send this carbolised virus to selected centres. The death of Frontier Medical Missionaries. Dr. W. H. Barnett, of the Bannu Mission, died recently from blood poisoning after operating on a patient, and Dr. T. L. Pennell, who had operated on Dr. Barnett, died on March 23rd. You will have already been able to notice these events.1 Let 1
THE
LANCET, April 6th, p. 961.
add that there will be widespread sorrow not only in Bannu but along the whole borderland and in the tribal country as this sad news spreads. The mission at Bannu has for many years done splendid service in giving medical and surgical relief to all-comers, and the value of its work cannot be The missionaries have won the complete over-estimated. confidence of the people. Dr. Pennell in particular had a record never approached in the history of medical mission work on the North-West Frontier. His name was one to conjure with even amongst the wildest and most fanatical tribesmen, and he could have passed unharmed into the remotest villages. Simplicity of purpose and devotion to duty won him universal regard and affection. me
The Bengal Pasteur Institute. Shillong has now been definitely selected as the site of the Pasteur Institute, which will be the Eastern Bengal and Assam tribute to the memory of the late King Edward VII. A New Medical College for Bombay. In Bombay, as a memorial of the Royal visit, it is proposed to erect a new medical college. Travelling Dispensaries. During the year 1910-11 four travelling dispensaries were opened which worked successfully for six months in four districts of the United Provinces, visiting and attending 31,092 villagers in their homes in 2644 villages throughout the most unhealthy part of the year. The system has been extended to 1911-12. -Zllicit Cocaine Traffic. Cocaine to the extent of 75,000 grains, valued at Rs. 5250, brought ashore from the steamer Cleopatra, of the Austrian Lloyd Company, was recently seized at Bombay. The offenders were sentenced respectively to five and six months’
rigorous imprisonment. April 7th.
___________________
NOTES FROM CHINA. (FROM
OUR OWN
CORRESPONDENT.)
A Chinese Sanatorium. IN the south-west corner of China is the large and important province of Yunnan (the third largest in the country), which is a mountain-covered plateau, 108,000 square miles in area and averaging from 5000 to 10,000 feet above sea level. The of the province, Yunnan-fu, lies within the French capital " sphere of influence," and a railway has been built to it from Indo-China which puts within the reach of European residents of Indo-China, South China, Siam, and Burma an unrivalled sanatorium 6500 feet high with about the most equable climate in the world, where one can live with open doors and windows all the year round and enjoy the fresh air minus the tropical heat and damp. It is well known that the present pandemic of plague arose from Yunnan, which has always been noted for the very large number of rats that overrun the populated places of the province. It is therefore interesting to note from a report sent me by Dr. A. M. Vadon, the French medical officer of Yunnan-fu, that there has been no case of plague in the capital or its environs since 1895. As so little is known, medically, about this part of the world the following extracts from Dr. Vadon’s report are of interest and of value because of his extended experience of Yunnan. In spite of the lack of corporal hygiene, and notwithstanding the rank conditions of overcrowding under which the natives live, epidemics are very rare and never of great extent. Cholera, bacillary and amoebic dysenteries, and enteric fever have never been observed, although the well waters are dirty and contaminated from their close proximity to sewers and middens. During the past year there have been sporadic cases of diphtheria, mumps, chickenThere is little enthusiasm among the pox, and small-pox. people for vaccination, inoculation ("les procédés de variolisation ") with pus from the pustules of a benign case being generally preferred. Some headway has, however, been made with vaccination of calf lymph (from Shanghai Municipal Laboratory) by several French-trained native doctors. The endemic affections met with are malaria, goitre, and leprosy. Malaria is mainly imported ; the majority of those who have it suffer from exacerbations biough’i on by the (altered climatic conditions of the country. But in the
1240 Manchuria.-All reports agree in saying that leprosy marshes of the paddy fields there are anopheles maculipennis. Most of the cases are tertian ; a few are quartan, occurs only very rarely, and is then only seen in imported but Dr. Vadon has never observed remittent or hæmo- cases from the south. Dr. D. Christie, writing from globinuric fever cases. In the blood examinations plasmo- Mukden, said: "During my thirty years’ experience dium vivax, as also plasmodium malarias, are most fre- here (and many thousands of patients pass through our quently seen. More rarely plasmodium falciparum is bands every year) I do not think I have seen more than found, and always alone, without association with 20 cases, and all of these came from one or other of the plasmodium vivax, which is held to explain the rela- southern provinces. I have asked other doctors here and tive benign character of the types.. Goitre is very their experience is the same." Dr. de B. Daly, after 15 years’ common, more so in the surrounding villages than in the practice, wrote he had never known of a case of leprosy in towns. Women are more frequently affected than men, a native of Manchuria," and, among others, Dr. Learmcuth, and the goitrous swellings are generally "voluminous" and of South Manchuria, had only seen two cases since 1897, accompanied more often by cardio-vascular than by both of whom had been affected before arrival. Manchuria exophthalmic trouble. The Yunnanese pay little heed to may thus be regarded as endemically free. Chih-li Province.- Leprosy is present, but very rare. In goitre. Leprosy is fairly common. The French Government has an "asile des infirmes et incurables"in which Dr. 10 years’ hospital experience with patients coming from a Vadon is able to observe the lepers more closely. Of 67 cases large area I have only seen two cases-one of them imconfirmed bacteriologically during the past two years 49 were ported. In Tientsin, the large commercial capital, it is "lèpre nerveuse,"13 were" lèpre tuberculeuse,"and 5 " lèpre scarcely ever noted. Shansi.-T wo reports from this province regard the disease migte." Among Yunnanese there is a rooted belief that the commonest cause of leprosy is the ingestion of eggs. Dr. as "almost unknowr." It was not possible to get reliable reports from Kansu or Barbezieux noted in a village where leprosy was common that various fowls showed leprous symptoms, "notamment Shensi, but enough has been said to show that, with the la chute des phalanges." Nothing is said as to the habits of exception of the maritime province of Shantung, leprosy may the Yunnanese with regard to the eating of cured fish. I am, be regarded as a rare disease throughout the greater part of however, told that while it enters into their dietary it is by no North China. means a common article of consumption. No cases of tetanus Peking, April 10th. or anthrax have been seen. Dr. Vadon compares the climate to that of the south of France. Europeans can stay in Yunnan for indefinitely long periods. But the high altitude sometimes provokes, among those who have newly arrived, cardio-vascular troubles which manifest themselves in slight attacks of congestion and spells of "nervosité"; but a state of acclimatisation is reached in from 10 to FREDERICK CHARLES WALLIS, M.B., B.C. CANTAB., 15 days, when all these symptoms disappear. Residence F.R.C.S. ErrG., at such a high altitude (7000 feet), though good for the SURGEON TO CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL AND JOINT LECTURER IN SURGERY AT THE MEDICAL SCHOOL, ETC. healthy, entails an excessive physiological systemic change WE regret to announce the death of Sir Frederick Charles which is badly borne by those with any pathological Thus people suffering from bronchitic, cardiac, Wallis, which occurred at his residence in Harley-street, on taint. or tubercular trouble, and neurasthenic and rheumatic April 26th, from heart failure. Sir Frederick Wallis was born on Dec. 18th, 1859, cases, as also those suffering from chronic malaria, with enlarged spleen or cachexia, have their conditions aggra- being in his fifty-third year at the date of his death. vated and cannot support the change. The effect of the He was educated at Gonville and Caius College, Camaltitude on the Yunnanese is apparent in the morbid state of bridge, and took the B.A. degree in 1879. His clinical feebleness noted in most of them, and this shows itself in experience he gained at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and in their excessive indolence, intellectual as well as physical, 1885 graduated M. B. and B. C. at Cambridge, obtaining and their incapacity for sustained work. It is more marked i subsequently in 1891 the Fellowship of the Royal College of in the indigenous race, the Lolos, than in Chinese settlers. Surgeons of England. His inclination was strongly in the At the same time this passivity should only be noted along with direction of surgery, and while at St. Bartholomew’s Hosthe fact that opium smoking is, or rather was till its recent pital he showed considerable aptitude and skill in filling the enforced stoppage, a widespread habit among them. There junior appointments, and shortly after obtaining his Fellowis need of more scientific inquiry into the cause of this ship he was appointed assistant surgeon to Charing Cross chronic debility, and Dr. Vadon is now devoting himself to Hospital, where he was later lecturer on minor surgery and a series of blood examinations. joint lecturer on surgery. He also held the posts of surgeon to the Grosvenor Hospital and to St. Mark’s Hospital, and Leprosy and the Cimex. was consulting surgeon to the Metropolitan Hospital, Some time ago Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, writing on Kingsland-road, to St. Luke’s Hostel and St. Monica’s Home, this subject, remarked on the rarity of leprosy in North the Willesden Cottage Hospital, and the British Orphan China, and was criticised by Dr. J. L. Maxwell, of Formosa, Asylum. As is indicated by his appointments, he was a who, commenting on what he called "the old fable of thoroughly busy man, the greater part of his work being done leprosy being almost unknown in North China," gave the in the special direction of surgery of the rectum. He was following notes as being the facts of the case :the author of a book on this subject entitled " The Surgery "Shantung Prnvince.-Leprosy abundant ; even estimated of the Rectum," which was founded on personal experience at 1 per 1000 of the population. and had the practical value which is obtained in that way, and he wrote articles for the medical journals and read Manchuria.-Leprosy common. papers at the medical societies upon various phases Kansu Province. -Leprosy plentiful. of his subject. He wrote also in the medical and ChilC-li Province.-Leprosy found but rarely. the lay press upon matters connected with medical Shansi and &,en&i Provinces.-No reliable reports." education, being especially an advocate of the claims Dr. Maxwell’s opinion is not altogether borne out by which the London student has to be placed in a posimedical men resident in the country, and it may settle the tion to get a medical degree upon the reasonable terms that prevail in other medical centres. A breezy speaker and point if I quote some of their reports, as they all agree. Shantung.-Dr. Kautsch, senior German naval staff a forcible writer, some of his sayings in this connexion surgeon, from an experience of five years at the capital attracted wide attention. Sir Frederick Wallis took an active part in the formation of (Tsinan-fu), gives the ratio as 1 per 6000 patients in the A recent survey of the German the Union Jack Club, of which he was a Vice-President, and Government hospital. territory of Kiachow (on the coast) yielded 40 cases of last year when the Coronation honours for work done in th’s leprosy in a population of 150,000. An estimate for the cause were distributed he was the recipient of a knighthood. In 1890 he married the second daughter of the late Mr. whole province put the average at 1 per 10,000 of the population. Dr. Roys reports it as commonest in the central part H. Aspinall, Q.C., Attorney-General of Victoria. The anaesthetic type is by far the most A memorial service was held at St. Andrew’s Church, of the province. ( Wells-street, on Tuesday last. frequent, usually beginning in the ulnar nerve.
Obituary.
.