- Email: [email protected]
Notes on Hirsutella aphidis
Notes and brief articles
75 2
of the former, however, is typically arcuate or sigmoid, widest in the central part and lacking the attenuation near the branch insertions. The conidial elements are distinctly tapered. Conidial ontogeny in T .fallax involves percurrent proliferation of the conidiogenous cell through the conidial scar, marked by slight wall thickenings . In T. attenuatum, the apical proliferation of the conidiogenous cell is not through the conidial scar; it is merely a continuing growth of the conidiophore apex which retains its leading position until terminated by a conidium at the end of its period of fertility . The fungus described as Ingo/dia biappendiculata Arnold (1970) may also be similar in conidial morphology to T. attenuatum, The isolates known to now have very small, mostly solitary conidia rarely exceeding 30 flm in axis length, and percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. Some resemblance may be seen between free conidia of T. attenuatum and those of Tricladiopsis fo/iosa Descals (Descals & Webster, 1982) and of T.fiagelliformis Descals (Descals & Webster, 1982). Indeed, both Tricladiopsis species have densely septate conidia with slightly curved or nearly straight axes and mostly two branches with narrowed insertions. However, both have brown sympodial conidiophores and large conidia (77- 145 x 4-5 flm and 65-135 x 2'0--3'5 flm, respectively). The distance between branches in T. fiag elliformis is over 25 flm . In spite of the different branching of conidia, T. attenuatum is close to Pleuropedium tric/adioides Marvanova & Iqbal (1973), which regularly ha s one primary and one secondary branch. The pattern of conidiogenesis is the same. Thanks are due to Dr E. Descals (F acultad de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona) for making available hi s slides, and to Dr S. H. Iqbal (Lahore) for sending the culture in 1971. Portions of this
research were su p por ted by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (G rant A801 ). REFERENCES
ARNOLD, R . W . G . ( 1970) . [On a new species of the genus Ingoldia] (In Russian). N ovosti Sist ematiki Nizhshikh Rastenii 6, 173-176. BANDONI, R. J. ( 1971). Terrestrial occurrence of some aquatic h yphomycetes. Canadian Journal of B otany 50, 2283-2288. BANDONI, R . J. ( 198 1). Aquatic hyphomycetes from terrestrial litter. In Th e Fungal Commun ity (ed. D . T. Wicklow and C . C. Carroll). New York, Basel : Marcel Dekker. DESCALS, E . & WEBSTER, J. (1982). Taxonomic studies on aquatic hyphomycetes. III. Some new species and a new combination. Transactions ofthe British Mycological Society 78, 405-437. DUDKA, I. O . (1973) . [Aquatic hyphomycetes of the Ukraine. 1. New species for the mycoflora of the Soviet Union] (In Ukrainian). Ukrainskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 30, 449-456. DUDKA, I. O. (1974) . [Fungal spores in foam and scum of running waters in the Ukrainian Carpathians] (In Ukrainian). Ukrainskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 31 , 432-439· DUDKA, I. O . & BEREGOVA, V. I. ( 1974) . [Fungal sp ore s in foam and scum of running waters in fore st -s tepp e of the Ukrainian SSR] (I n Ukrainian). Ukra insky i B otan ichnyi Zhurnal 31, 561-566. INGOLD, C . T . (1942). Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves. Transactions of the British M y cological Society 25, 339-417. IQBAL, S . H . ( 1971). New aquatic h yphom ycetes. Tran sactions of the British Mycological Society 56, 343-352. MARVANOVA, L. (19 84). Two new Tricladium species from mountain streams. M y cotaxon 19, 93-100. MARVANovA, L. & IQBAL, S. H . (1973). Pleur opedium tricladioides gen. et sp .nov. Antonie van L eeuwenhoek 39 , 4°1-40 8. RIDGWAY, R . ( 19 12). Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Washington, D .C. : published by the author.
NOTES ON HIRSUTELLA APHIDIS BY STANISLAW BALAZY
Po/ish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Agrobiology and Forestry, Forest Research Laboratory, 60--184 Poznan, ul . Szeherezady 74 Hirsutella aphidis is redescribed and illustrated from several Polish collections of aphids The entomogenous hyphomycete Hirsutella aphidis Petch was described on infected aphids 50 years ago, and apart from a second record (Petch , 1942 ) where it accompanied Hymenostilbe aphidis Petch there have been no further reports of collections, although Minter & Brady (1980) and Samson, Trans . Br , mycol. Soc. 85 (4), (1985)
McCoy & O 'Donnell (1980) discussed Perch's collections. The inconsistent data on morphology have induced me to dicuss this fungus in the context of several collections on a variety of aphid species in the Wielkopolski National Park (P olan d ), where it has been found fairl y regularly in summer
Pr int ed in Great Britain
Notes and brief articles Table
1.
753
Collections of Hirsutella sp. on aphids in the W ielkopolski National Park Host species
Dates of collection
Cirsium aroense (L.) Scop. Tussilago farfara L.
Uroleucon cirsii (L.) U. tussilaginis (W alk.)
Urt ica dioica L.
Microlophium evansi (T heob .)
30 June 1978 23 October 1975* 27 October 1975 31 July 1976* 1 September 1976 18 November 1977 24 July 1978* 13 July 1978* 17 September 1981 *
*
Cultures isol ated,
and autumn as an occasional infective agent concomitant with entomophthoralean diseases. The affected aphids were collected on plants of the forest floor in deciduous or mixed stands (Table 1). Mycelium developed on infected specimens exactly as described by Petch (1936 : 60), forming small dense tangles in the junctions of particular parts of legs, some intersegmental sutures and sometimes on the ends of the siphons (Fig. 1). The host body was filled with abundant mycelium comprised of hyphae 4 '0-4'8 pm diam which also grew along the inside of legs and antennae in the form of parallel, dense bundles, and emerged from thinner parts of the cuticle as short synnemata or small cushions, bristling with numerous phialides at the time of sporulation (F ig. 1). Aerial hyphae were consistently narrow, 3 '0-4'2 pm diam, and moderately branched. Phialides were (17)-35--60-(90) pm long (total length), narrowly conical, 2 '6-4'0 pm wide at the base, tapering gradually into an indistinctly delimited neck 0·6-1 '0 pm wide at the tip. They grew out at right angles or sometimes acute angles, seldom apically from the hyphae and their branches, often forming whorls of 2-3 just below the septa (Fig. z c). Conidia usually in twos, less often singly or in groups of 3-4 on the tips of individual necks were stuck and surrounded with gelatinous sheaths, which dissolved fairly easily in water when fresh but persisted both in water and lactophenol preparations of dry specimens. The conidia with their sheaths formed ellipsoidal heads 10-18 x 6-8 pm. Conidia without their gelatinous sheaths were smooth, transparent with 2-3 guttules inside, cyrnbiform or slightly crescent-shaped, bent (7' 0-) 10'0- 14'0 (-18'3) x (2' 8-) 3 '5-4'2( -4,6 ) pm (Fig. 2b). Short thin outgrowths, apparently germination tubes, 3'5-4'0 x 0'6-1'0 pm, on the end of each of which a markedly smaller secondary conidium of the typical shape without any visible gelatinous sheath was produced, arose from some Trans . Br. mycol. Soc. 8S (4), (1985)
of the primary conidia formed on insects kept in damp chambers (Fig. 2C). In cultures on potato-saccharose agar mycelial growth was slow, particularly at first. Two-week-old cultures attained r- 5 cm diam and were round and plane, cottony and somewhat cobwebby in the peripheral zone, with scattered small tufts of ramose hyphae containing more abundant sporulation. Their colour was light ochre with fairly wide white margins. Hyphae were 2 '5-4'5 pm diam and phialides of almost identical shape to those on insects, though usually a little longer, 40-80 by 2'7-4'5 pm at the base. Conidia formed singly or in groups of 2-4 were elongate, asymmetrical as on the insects, narrowed towards both ends bur with somewhat obtuse or subacute tips (9-) 11-16 ( - 17)
X
4,0-5 ·6jlm.
Apart from the conidial sizes both the general aspect of the mycelium and the micromorphology of the fungus described above agree with Petch's (1936) original description of H . aphidis. The measurements of conidia given by this author were 6-10 x 1'5-2'0 jlm. One wonders why Petch (193 6) described the conidia as cyrnbiform or ovoidal, while at such dimensions they should be rather considered as bacillar, (sh ort- )cylin d rical or even narrowly fusiform. Petch (1942) did not alter his description of the conidia of this species except to increase the upper width limit by O ' 5 pm. Since the type was not deposited in the Kew Herbarium, Minter & Brady (1980) and Samson et al. ( 1980 ) reviewed only the material of Petch's second collection. According to Minter & Brady ( 19 80) only Hirsutella-type sporulation occurred on these specimens; synnemata of Hymenostilbe were lacking. On the other hand Samson et al. (19 80) described and illustrated two different forms of sporulation, Hirsutella and Akanthomyces types, treating each, however, as a different anamorph of H. aphidis. Conidia of H. aphidis illustrated by Samson et al. (19 80 ) are identical in shape to those of my Polish
Printed in Great Britain
Notes and brief articles
754
(a)
(c)
Fig. 1. Successive development of the external mycelium on a leg of Uroleucon tussilaginis. (a) initial growth (higher magnification) on t ibia and tarsus ; (b) a synnema before sporulation ; (c ) synnernata with numerous phialides.
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 8S (4), (1985)
Print ed in Great Britain
Notes and brief articles
Ca)
Fig.
2.
Elements of the sporulation on aphids.
(a) arrangement of the phialides; (b) conidia; (c) formation of secondary spores.
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 85 (4), (1985)
Primed in Great Britain
755
Notes and brief articles
756
collections and their thickness, estimated from the scale line in their illustration, is about 3'5-4'7 pm. Although the mycelium of the specimens collected in the Wielkopolski National Park grew in the form of rather compact bundles, neither the arrangement of the phialides nor the type of sporulation had the character of Hymenostilbe or Akanthomyces. Notwithstanding these uncertainties in spore dimensions in my opinion the Polish collections represent H. aphidis and the conclusion of Minter & Brady (1980) that this species is intermediate in form between sections Mononemarosa and Synnematosa is confirmed. I regard Hymenostilbe aphidis Petch as another species. On the Polish specimens overgrown by the mycelium of this Hirsutella other fungi often occurred, mostly frequently Saccharomyces, Acrodontium crateriforme (v. Beyma) de Hoog, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, V erticillium lecanii
(Z im m .) Viegas, but they were easily distinguishable. The last species represented by the long-spored form ( Cephalosp orium lefroyi-type) was particularly common, regularly causing epizootics in populations of Crypromyzus ribis (L.) and Orthezia urticae L . in autumn . REFERENCES
MINTER, D . W. & BRADY, B. L. (1980). Mononematous species of Hirsutella . Transactions of the Brit ish Mycological So ciety 74, 271-282. PETCH, T . (1936). New and rare Yorkshire fungi . Naturalist 950, 57--{)0. PETCH, T. (1942). Notes on entomogenous fungi . Transactions of the British Mycological S ociety 25,
250-265. SAMSON, R. A., McCoY, C. W. & O'DONNELL, K. (1980). Taxonomy of the acarine parasite Hirsutella thompsonii, Mycologia 72, 359-377.
A NEW SPECIES OF PHYLLACTINIA (ERYSIPHACEAE) FROM INDIA BY ARUN KUMAR SHARMA
Vivekananda Laboratory for Hill Agriculture (l .C.A.R.), Almora - 263 601, India
A new species of a powdery mildew fungus, Phyllactinia kashmirensis, collected from Amygdalus communis, is described. It differs from other known species by perithecial size, symptomatology, the size of the bulbous base of the perithecial appendages, number of asci per perithecium and the nature of the wall cells . Phyllactinia kashrnirensis sp .nov. (F ig. 1) Mycelium hypophyllum, roseo-bubalinum ad vinoso bubalinum, persistens, faciens tenue teges similis tegens. Conidia angusta, clavata, 47-81 x 15-24 utn. Perithecia maturitata hypophylla, dispersa vel gregaria, fusca, globosa vel subglobosa, lenticula ria, 225-3191tm diam, appendicibus aequatoribus 8-20, hyalinis, rigidis, acicularibus,apicemobtusis et tenuitunicatis, basimbulbosis, globosis vel subglobosis, 30-71 pm. Asci 19-43, elongati, ellipsoidei, interdum clavati, pcdunculo longo, 67'5-97'5 x 26-41 pm. Ascosporae 2, raro 3 in quoque ascus, plerumque globosae vel subglobosae, interdum elongatac, raro ovatae, 24-41 x 15-26 pm. Typus lectus in Amygdali communis L. a Srinagar (Kashmir), India, Nov. 1976, A. K . Sharma. Depositus ad Indian Type Culture Collection, LA.R.I., New Delhi, sub Ace. No. 33311. Mycelium hypophyllous, rosy buff to vinaceous buff, persistent, forming a thin mat-like covering. Conidia narrow, clavate, with obtuse apex, buddedoff singly from long, narrow, septate conidiophores early in the season, 47-81 x 15-24pm. C/eistothecia orange to apricot when young and dark brown at maturity, scattered or gregarious, loosel y attached to the mycelium, globose or subglobose, lenticular, 225-319/tm; penicillate cells large, well-developed, ultimate branches numerous, thick, swollen at Trans . Br. mycol, Soc. 85 (4), (1985)
the tip; equatorial appendages 8-20, hyaline, straight, stiff, acicular, tip blunt and thin-walled, foot bulbous, globose or subglobose, 30-71 pm broad; wall cells distinct, small, angular or subangular, 13-38 x 9·5-22·5pm. Asci 19-43, elongate, ellipsoid, sometimes clavate, stalks long, 67"597'5 x 26-41 /tm. Ascospores 2, rarely 3 per ascus, usually globose or subglobose, sometimes elongate, rarely ovate, 24-41 x 15-26/lm. This new species has been collected from Amygdalus communis (Fig. 2) from Srinagar (Kashmir) during Sept.-Nov. 1976. The disease becomes apparent with the appearance of a thick fungal mat, rosy buff to vinaceous buff in colour on the undersurface of the leaves. Lesions are small and irregular in the early stages, becoming powdery later in the season when almost the entire abaxial laminar surface is covered. Infection starts in early Sept. and cleistothecia are not formed till Oct. Cleistothecia are orange to apricot-coloured during formative stages and turn dark-brown at maturity . Cleistothecia of all developmental stages occur side by side within an infection spot. Although free of the fungus, the adaxial surface undergoes yellowing, after which the leaves are shed, which is only some time in Nov.
Printed in Great Britain
75 2
of the former, however, is typically arcuate or sigmoid, widest in the central part and lacking the attenuation near the branch insertions. The conidial elements are distinctly tapered. Conidial ontogeny in T .fallax involves percurrent proliferation of the conidiogenous cell through the conidial scar, marked by slight wall thickenings . In T. attenuatum, the apical proliferation of the conidiogenous cell is not through the conidial scar; it is merely a continuing growth of the conidiophore apex which retains its leading position until terminated by a conidium at the end of its period of fertility . The fungus described as Ingo/dia biappendiculata Arnold (1970) may also be similar in conidial morphology to T. attenuatum, The isolates known to now have very small, mostly solitary conidia rarely exceeding 30 flm in axis length, and percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. Some resemblance may be seen between free conidia of T. attenuatum and those of Tricladiopsis fo/iosa Descals (Descals & Webster, 1982) and of T.fiagelliformis Descals (Descals & Webster, 1982). Indeed, both Tricladiopsis species have densely septate conidia with slightly curved or nearly straight axes and mostly two branches with narrowed insertions. However, both have brown sympodial conidiophores and large conidia (77- 145 x 4-5 flm and 65-135 x 2'0--3'5 flm, respectively). The distance between branches in T. fiag elliformis is over 25 flm . In spite of the different branching of conidia, T. attenuatum is close to Pleuropedium tric/adioides Marvanova & Iqbal (1973), which regularly ha s one primary and one secondary branch. The pattern of conidiogenesis is the same. Thanks are due to Dr E. Descals (F acultad de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona) for making available hi s slides, and to Dr S. H. Iqbal (Lahore) for sending the culture in 1971. Portions of this
research were su p por ted by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (G rant A801 ). REFERENCES
ARNOLD, R . W . G . ( 1970) . [On a new species of the genus Ingoldia] (In Russian). N ovosti Sist ematiki Nizhshikh Rastenii 6, 173-176. BANDONI, R. J. ( 1971). Terrestrial occurrence of some aquatic h yphomycetes. Canadian Journal of B otany 50, 2283-2288. BANDONI, R . J. ( 198 1). Aquatic hyphomycetes from terrestrial litter. In Th e Fungal Commun ity (ed. D . T. Wicklow and C . C. Carroll). New York, Basel : Marcel Dekker. DESCALS, E . & WEBSTER, J. (1982). Taxonomic studies on aquatic hyphomycetes. III. Some new species and a new combination. Transactions ofthe British Mycological Society 78, 405-437. DUDKA, I. O . (1973) . [Aquatic hyphomycetes of the Ukraine. 1. New species for the mycoflora of the Soviet Union] (In Ukrainian). Ukrainskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 30, 449-456. DUDKA, I. O. (1974) . [Fungal spores in foam and scum of running waters in the Ukrainian Carpathians] (In Ukrainian). Ukrainskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 31 , 432-439· DUDKA, I. O . & BEREGOVA, V. I. ( 1974) . [Fungal sp ore s in foam and scum of running waters in fore st -s tepp e of the Ukrainian SSR] (I n Ukrainian). Ukra insky i B otan ichnyi Zhurnal 31, 561-566. INGOLD, C . T . (1942). Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves. Transactions of the British M y cological Society 25, 339-417. IQBAL, S . H . ( 1971). New aquatic h yphom ycetes. Tran sactions of the British Mycological Society 56, 343-352. MARVANOVA, L. (19 84). Two new Tricladium species from mountain streams. M y cotaxon 19, 93-100. MARVANovA, L. & IQBAL, S. H . (1973). Pleur opedium tricladioides gen. et sp .nov. Antonie van L eeuwenhoek 39 , 4°1-40 8. RIDGWAY, R . ( 19 12). Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Washington, D .C. : published by the author.
NOTES ON HIRSUTELLA APHIDIS BY STANISLAW BALAZY
Po/ish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Agrobiology and Forestry, Forest Research Laboratory, 60--184 Poznan, ul . Szeherezady 74 Hirsutella aphidis is redescribed and illustrated from several Polish collections of aphids The entomogenous hyphomycete Hirsutella aphidis Petch was described on infected aphids 50 years ago, and apart from a second record (Petch , 1942 ) where it accompanied Hymenostilbe aphidis Petch there have been no further reports of collections, although Minter & Brady (1980) and Samson, Trans . Br , mycol. Soc. 85 (4), (1985)
McCoy & O 'Donnell (1980) discussed Perch's collections. The inconsistent data on morphology have induced me to dicuss this fungus in the context of several collections on a variety of aphid species in the Wielkopolski National Park (P olan d ), where it has been found fairl y regularly in summer
Pr int ed in Great Britain
Notes and brief articles Table
1.
753
Collections of Hirsutella sp. on aphids in the W ielkopolski National Park Host species
Dates of collection
Cirsium aroense (L.) Scop. Tussilago farfara L.
Uroleucon cirsii (L.) U. tussilaginis (W alk.)
Urt ica dioica L.
Microlophium evansi (T heob .)
30 June 1978 23 October 1975* 27 October 1975 31 July 1976* 1 September 1976 18 November 1977 24 July 1978* 13 July 1978* 17 September 1981 *
*
Cultures isol ated,
and autumn as an occasional infective agent concomitant with entomophthoralean diseases. The affected aphids were collected on plants of the forest floor in deciduous or mixed stands (Table 1). Mycelium developed on infected specimens exactly as described by Petch (1936 : 60), forming small dense tangles in the junctions of particular parts of legs, some intersegmental sutures and sometimes on the ends of the siphons (Fig. 1). The host body was filled with abundant mycelium comprised of hyphae 4 '0-4'8 pm diam which also grew along the inside of legs and antennae in the form of parallel, dense bundles, and emerged from thinner parts of the cuticle as short synnemata or small cushions, bristling with numerous phialides at the time of sporulation (F ig. 1). Aerial hyphae were consistently narrow, 3 '0-4'2 pm diam, and moderately branched. Phialides were (17)-35--60-(90) pm long (total length), narrowly conical, 2 '6-4'0 pm wide at the base, tapering gradually into an indistinctly delimited neck 0·6-1 '0 pm wide at the tip. They grew out at right angles or sometimes acute angles, seldom apically from the hyphae and their branches, often forming whorls of 2-3 just below the septa (Fig. z c). Conidia usually in twos, less often singly or in groups of 3-4 on the tips of individual necks were stuck and surrounded with gelatinous sheaths, which dissolved fairly easily in water when fresh but persisted both in water and lactophenol preparations of dry specimens. The conidia with their sheaths formed ellipsoidal heads 10-18 x 6-8 pm. Conidia without their gelatinous sheaths were smooth, transparent with 2-3 guttules inside, cyrnbiform or slightly crescent-shaped, bent (7' 0-) 10'0- 14'0 (-18'3) x (2' 8-) 3 '5-4'2( -4,6 ) pm (Fig. 2b). Short thin outgrowths, apparently germination tubes, 3'5-4'0 x 0'6-1'0 pm, on the end of each of which a markedly smaller secondary conidium of the typical shape without any visible gelatinous sheath was produced, arose from some Trans . Br. mycol. Soc. 8S (4), (1985)
of the primary conidia formed on insects kept in damp chambers (Fig. 2C). In cultures on potato-saccharose agar mycelial growth was slow, particularly at first. Two-week-old cultures attained r- 5 cm diam and were round and plane, cottony and somewhat cobwebby in the peripheral zone, with scattered small tufts of ramose hyphae containing more abundant sporulation. Their colour was light ochre with fairly wide white margins. Hyphae were 2 '5-4'5 pm diam and phialides of almost identical shape to those on insects, though usually a little longer, 40-80 by 2'7-4'5 pm at the base. Conidia formed singly or in groups of 2-4 were elongate, asymmetrical as on the insects, narrowed towards both ends bur with somewhat obtuse or subacute tips (9-) 11-16 ( - 17)
X
4,0-5 ·6jlm.
Apart from the conidial sizes both the general aspect of the mycelium and the micromorphology of the fungus described above agree with Petch's (1936) original description of H . aphidis. The measurements of conidia given by this author were 6-10 x 1'5-2'0 jlm. One wonders why Petch (193 6) described the conidia as cyrnbiform or ovoidal, while at such dimensions they should be rather considered as bacillar, (sh ort- )cylin d rical or even narrowly fusiform. Petch (1942) did not alter his description of the conidia of this species except to increase the upper width limit by O ' 5 pm. Since the type was not deposited in the Kew Herbarium, Minter & Brady (1980) and Samson et al. ( 1980 ) reviewed only the material of Petch's second collection. According to Minter & Brady ( 19 80) only Hirsutella-type sporulation occurred on these specimens; synnemata of Hymenostilbe were lacking. On the other hand Samson et al. (19 80) described and illustrated two different forms of sporulation, Hirsutella and Akanthomyces types, treating each, however, as a different anamorph of H. aphidis. Conidia of H. aphidis illustrated by Samson et al. (19 80 ) are identical in shape to those of my Polish
Printed in Great Britain
Notes and brief articles
754
(a)
(c)
Fig. 1. Successive development of the external mycelium on a leg of Uroleucon tussilaginis. (a) initial growth (higher magnification) on t ibia and tarsus ; (b) a synnema before sporulation ; (c ) synnernata with numerous phialides.
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 8S (4), (1985)
Print ed in Great Britain
Notes and brief articles
Ca)
Fig.
2.
Elements of the sporulation on aphids.
(a) arrangement of the phialides; (b) conidia; (c) formation of secondary spores.
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 85 (4), (1985)
Primed in Great Britain
755
Notes and brief articles
756
collections and their thickness, estimated from the scale line in their illustration, is about 3'5-4'7 pm. Although the mycelium of the specimens collected in the Wielkopolski National Park grew in the form of rather compact bundles, neither the arrangement of the phialides nor the type of sporulation had the character of Hymenostilbe or Akanthomyces. Notwithstanding these uncertainties in spore dimensions in my opinion the Polish collections represent H. aphidis and the conclusion of Minter & Brady (1980) that this species is intermediate in form between sections Mononemarosa and Synnematosa is confirmed. I regard Hymenostilbe aphidis Petch as another species. On the Polish specimens overgrown by the mycelium of this Hirsutella other fungi often occurred, mostly frequently Saccharomyces, Acrodontium crateriforme (v. Beyma) de Hoog, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, V erticillium lecanii
(Z im m .) Viegas, but they were easily distinguishable. The last species represented by the long-spored form ( Cephalosp orium lefroyi-type) was particularly common, regularly causing epizootics in populations of Crypromyzus ribis (L.) and Orthezia urticae L . in autumn . REFERENCES
MINTER, D . W. & BRADY, B. L. (1980). Mononematous species of Hirsutella . Transactions of the Brit ish Mycological So ciety 74, 271-282. PETCH, T . (1936). New and rare Yorkshire fungi . Naturalist 950, 57--{)0. PETCH, T. (1942). Notes on entomogenous fungi . Transactions of the British Mycological S ociety 25,
250-265. SAMSON, R. A., McCoY, C. W. & O'DONNELL, K. (1980). Taxonomy of the acarine parasite Hirsutella thompsonii, Mycologia 72, 359-377.
A NEW SPECIES OF PHYLLACTINIA (ERYSIPHACEAE) FROM INDIA BY ARUN KUMAR SHARMA
Vivekananda Laboratory for Hill Agriculture (l .C.A.R.), Almora - 263 601, India
A new species of a powdery mildew fungus, Phyllactinia kashmirensis, collected from Amygdalus communis, is described. It differs from other known species by perithecial size, symptomatology, the size of the bulbous base of the perithecial appendages, number of asci per perithecium and the nature of the wall cells . Phyllactinia kashrnirensis sp .nov. (F ig. 1) Mycelium hypophyllum, roseo-bubalinum ad vinoso bubalinum, persistens, faciens tenue teges similis tegens. Conidia angusta, clavata, 47-81 x 15-24 utn. Perithecia maturitata hypophylla, dispersa vel gregaria, fusca, globosa vel subglobosa, lenticula ria, 225-3191tm diam, appendicibus aequatoribus 8-20, hyalinis, rigidis, acicularibus,apicemobtusis et tenuitunicatis, basimbulbosis, globosis vel subglobosis, 30-71 pm. Asci 19-43, elongati, ellipsoidei, interdum clavati, pcdunculo longo, 67'5-97'5 x 26-41 pm. Ascosporae 2, raro 3 in quoque ascus, plerumque globosae vel subglobosae, interdum elongatac, raro ovatae, 24-41 x 15-26 pm. Typus lectus in Amygdali communis L. a Srinagar (Kashmir), India, Nov. 1976, A. K . Sharma. Depositus ad Indian Type Culture Collection, LA.R.I., New Delhi, sub Ace. No. 33311. Mycelium hypophyllous, rosy buff to vinaceous buff, persistent, forming a thin mat-like covering. Conidia narrow, clavate, with obtuse apex, buddedoff singly from long, narrow, septate conidiophores early in the season, 47-81 x 15-24pm. C/eistothecia orange to apricot when young and dark brown at maturity, scattered or gregarious, loosel y attached to the mycelium, globose or subglobose, lenticular, 225-319/tm; penicillate cells large, well-developed, ultimate branches numerous, thick, swollen at Trans . Br. mycol, Soc. 85 (4), (1985)
the tip; equatorial appendages 8-20, hyaline, straight, stiff, acicular, tip blunt and thin-walled, foot bulbous, globose or subglobose, 30-71 pm broad; wall cells distinct, small, angular or subangular, 13-38 x 9·5-22·5pm. Asci 19-43, elongate, ellipsoid, sometimes clavate, stalks long, 67"597'5 x 26-41 /tm. Ascospores 2, rarely 3 per ascus, usually globose or subglobose, sometimes elongate, rarely ovate, 24-41 x 15-26/lm. This new species has been collected from Amygdalus communis (Fig. 2) from Srinagar (Kashmir) during Sept.-Nov. 1976. The disease becomes apparent with the appearance of a thick fungal mat, rosy buff to vinaceous buff in colour on the undersurface of the leaves. Lesions are small and irregular in the early stages, becoming powdery later in the season when almost the entire abaxial laminar surface is covered. Infection starts in early Sept. and cleistothecia are not formed till Oct. Cleistothecia are orange to apricot-coloured during formative stages and turn dark-brown at maturity . Cleistothecia of all developmental stages occur side by side within an infection spot. Although free of the fungus, the adaxial surface undergoes yellowing, after which the leaves are shed, which is only some time in Nov.
Printed in Great Britain