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palladium bioinorganic catalysts for selective oxidation of alcohols
S198
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
[P-C.31] Control methodology for biomasses quality: A case study for biotreated poultry manure Alice Dall’Ara 1 , Alessandra Bonoli 2,∗ , Silvia Serranti 3 , Emiliano Burresi 1 , Lenuta Stroea 1 1
ENEA Mating CR Faenza, Italy DICAM University of Bologna, Italy 3 Università La Sapienza Roma, Italy Keywords: Poultry manure; Thermogravimetric analysis; X ray diffraction; Hyperspectral imaging; Organic fertilizer 2
Introduction: Animal by-products (agrofood industries) need recycling, both to contain environmental impact and to use soil as carbon sink. This issue describes a case-study of a static pilot treatment of caged laying hen manure, in egg production, to obtain a marketable high quality organic fertilizer. In the framework of an European running project (FERPODE Project, No 239083, Ecoinnovation), a complex monitoring system has been applied and a scheduled sampling has been performed, in particular to check maturity degree and nutrient speciation and behaviour, according to an European patent pending process. The scope of the research is to define a simplified method to check maturation degree and slow release nitrogen, as quality control on final product designed for agricultural uses. Methods: It has been set up an integrated analysis system applied to a field pilot test. The chemical characterization (pH, DM, SV, Carbon, nutrients), typical of organic fertilizers, was performed together with traditional and innovative physical methods. Thermogravimetric and X ray diffractometric analysis, able to define respectively organic pools and inorganic components, have been implemented. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been applied to evaluate the poultry manure quality in order to develop control strategies to be implemented at plant scale. Reflectance spectra of scheduled samples have been acquired in the visible-near infrared field (4001000 nm). Results: Thermogravimetric analysis show changes in organic pool that describe the evolution of manure stability and maturation. X-ray patterns describe the modification of crystallographic components in inorganic fraction in terms of calcite and struvite evolution. Correlations have been established with HSI patterns and physical-chemical characterization. Discussion: The above methodology could represent a rapid and efficient plant scale check and could be the base for organic fertilizer certification; it can be useful for small on farm plants requiring cheap and simplified control measure. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.513 [P-C.32] Novel gold/palladium bioinorganic catalysts for selective oxidation of alcohols K. Deplanche 1,2,3 1
The University of Birmingham, United Kingdom Institut für Radiochemie, Germany 3 Cardiff University, United Kingdom Keywords: Escherichia coli; Catalysis; Oxidation; Palladium 2
The reduction of metallic ionic species by bacteria Lovley, 1994; Lloyd, 2003 in many cases leads to formation of metallic nanopar-
ticles (NPs) at their surface. The exceptional catalytic activity of bacterially-reduced palladium (Pd) and gold (Au) nanoparticles in reactions of industrial interest was demonstrated Creamer et al., 2007; De Windt and Verstraete, 2005; Deplanche et al., 2007. We report here for the first time a facile biochemical method to synthesise bimetallic Au/Pd NPs (BioPd/Au), which exhibit unique properties in the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. Bimetallic particles were characterised using X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques (XANES and EXAFS) at the Au LIII and Pd K-edges. Obtained data indicate the presence of metallic Au and a mixture of ionic and metallic Pd in the catalyst. Surface-sensitive characterisation techniques (XRD and cyclic voltammetry) confirm the catalyst surface composition. The material shows high activity in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde (almond essence). The synergistic effect of Au/Pd over monometallic preparations is demonstrated. References Lovley, D.R., 1994. J. Ind. Microbiol. 14, 85–93. Lloyd, J.R., 2003. FEMS Microbiol 27, 411–425. Creamer, N.J., et al., 2007. Catal. Today 128, 80–87. De Windt, W.P., Verstraete, W., 2005. Env. Microbiol. 7 (3), 314–325. Deplanche, K., Attard, G.A., Macaskie, L.E., 2007. Adv. Mater. Res. 20-21, 647–650.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.514 [P-C.33] Block poly(butylene/triethylene succinate) copolymers: effect of block length on miscibility, phase behavior and crystallization capacity N. Lotti 1,∗ , M. Soccio 1 , M. Gigli 1 , M. Gazzano 2 , L. Finelli 1 , A. Munari 1 1
DICASM-University of Bologna, Italy ISOF-CNR Bologna, Italy Keywords: Poly(butylene succinate); Triethylene glycol; Reactive blending; Thermal properties 2
The problems of environmental pollution caused by the bioresistant synthetic plastics have becoming increasingly serious in last decades. The development of biodegradable polymers represents an efficacious way to solve these problems. Consequently, biodegradable polymers have been synthesized and employed in many fields, likewise packaging, agriculture, sanitary and biomedical applications. Among these ones, the family of aliphatic polyesters appears to be very attractive because of their good properties and susceptibility to biological attacks. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is an important member of aliphatic polyester family, having physical properties similar to those of PE. There is also a great current interest on polyesters based on alkylene ether glycols: the presence of ether linkages in the chain indeed increases the hydrophilic character of the polymer, favouring its dissolution under environmental conditions and/or enhancing the affinity with living cells. Polymer blending is an effective way of achieving a deliverable combination of properties, which are often absent in single component polymers. However, a polymer blend is often thermodynamically immiscible. This drawback can be overcome promoting transesterification reactions, which are expected to improve miscibility. In this view, poly(butylene/triethylene succinate) block copolymers, were prepared by reactive blending of the parent homopolymers in the presence of Ti(OBu)4 . The polymer synthesized were analyzed by 1 H-NMR, TGA and DSC, in order to investigate the effects of the transesterification reactions on the molecular structure and thermal properties. 1 H-NMR analysis evidenced the formation of copolymers whose degree of random-
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
[P-C.31] Control methodology for biomasses quality: A case study for biotreated poultry manure Alice Dall’Ara 1 , Alessandra Bonoli 2,∗ , Silvia Serranti 3 , Emiliano Burresi 1 , Lenuta Stroea 1 1
ENEA Mating CR Faenza, Italy DICAM University of Bologna, Italy 3 Università La Sapienza Roma, Italy Keywords: Poultry manure; Thermogravimetric analysis; X ray diffraction; Hyperspectral imaging; Organic fertilizer 2
Introduction: Animal by-products (agrofood industries) need recycling, both to contain environmental impact and to use soil as carbon sink. This issue describes a case-study of a static pilot treatment of caged laying hen manure, in egg production, to obtain a marketable high quality organic fertilizer. In the framework of an European running project (FERPODE Project, No 239083, Ecoinnovation), a complex monitoring system has been applied and a scheduled sampling has been performed, in particular to check maturity degree and nutrient speciation and behaviour, according to an European patent pending process. The scope of the research is to define a simplified method to check maturation degree and slow release nitrogen, as quality control on final product designed for agricultural uses. Methods: It has been set up an integrated analysis system applied to a field pilot test. The chemical characterization (pH, DM, SV, Carbon, nutrients), typical of organic fertilizers, was performed together with traditional and innovative physical methods. Thermogravimetric and X ray diffractometric analysis, able to define respectively organic pools and inorganic components, have been implemented. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been applied to evaluate the poultry manure quality in order to develop control strategies to be implemented at plant scale. Reflectance spectra of scheduled samples have been acquired in the visible-near infrared field (4001000 nm). Results: Thermogravimetric analysis show changes in organic pool that describe the evolution of manure stability and maturation. X-ray patterns describe the modification of crystallographic components in inorganic fraction in terms of calcite and struvite evolution. Correlations have been established with HSI patterns and physical-chemical characterization. Discussion: The above methodology could represent a rapid and efficient plant scale check and could be the base for organic fertilizer certification; it can be useful for small on farm plants requiring cheap and simplified control measure. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.513 [P-C.32] Novel gold/palladium bioinorganic catalysts for selective oxidation of alcohols K. Deplanche 1,2,3 1
The University of Birmingham, United Kingdom Institut für Radiochemie, Germany 3 Cardiff University, United Kingdom Keywords: Escherichia coli; Catalysis; Oxidation; Palladium 2
The reduction of metallic ionic species by bacteria Lovley, 1994; Lloyd, 2003 in many cases leads to formation of metallic nanopar-
ticles (NPs) at their surface. The exceptional catalytic activity of bacterially-reduced palladium (Pd) and gold (Au) nanoparticles in reactions of industrial interest was demonstrated Creamer et al., 2007; De Windt and Verstraete, 2005; Deplanche et al., 2007. We report here for the first time a facile biochemical method to synthesise bimetallic Au/Pd NPs (BioPd/Au), which exhibit unique properties in the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. Bimetallic particles were characterised using X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques (XANES and EXAFS) at the Au LIII and Pd K-edges. Obtained data indicate the presence of metallic Au and a mixture of ionic and metallic Pd in the catalyst. Surface-sensitive characterisation techniques (XRD and cyclic voltammetry) confirm the catalyst surface composition. The material shows high activity in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde (almond essence). The synergistic effect of Au/Pd over monometallic preparations is demonstrated. References Lovley, D.R., 1994. J. Ind. Microbiol. 14, 85–93. Lloyd, J.R., 2003. FEMS Microbiol 27, 411–425. Creamer, N.J., et al., 2007. Catal. Today 128, 80–87. De Windt, W.P., Verstraete, W., 2005. Env. Microbiol. 7 (3), 314–325. Deplanche, K., Attard, G.A., Macaskie, L.E., 2007. Adv. Mater. Res. 20-21, 647–650.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.514 [P-C.33] Block poly(butylene/triethylene succinate) copolymers: effect of block length on miscibility, phase behavior and crystallization capacity N. Lotti 1,∗ , M. Soccio 1 , M. Gigli 1 , M. Gazzano 2 , L. Finelli 1 , A. Munari 1 1
DICASM-University of Bologna, Italy ISOF-CNR Bologna, Italy Keywords: Poly(butylene succinate); Triethylene glycol; Reactive blending; Thermal properties 2
The problems of environmental pollution caused by the bioresistant synthetic plastics have becoming increasingly serious in last decades. The development of biodegradable polymers represents an efficacious way to solve these problems. Consequently, biodegradable polymers have been synthesized and employed in many fields, likewise packaging, agriculture, sanitary and biomedical applications. Among these ones, the family of aliphatic polyesters appears to be very attractive because of their good properties and susceptibility to biological attacks. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is an important member of aliphatic polyester family, having physical properties similar to those of PE. There is also a great current interest on polyesters based on alkylene ether glycols: the presence of ether linkages in the chain indeed increases the hydrophilic character of the polymer, favouring its dissolution under environmental conditions and/or enhancing the affinity with living cells. Polymer blending is an effective way of achieving a deliverable combination of properties, which are often absent in single component polymers. However, a polymer blend is often thermodynamically immiscible. This drawback can be overcome promoting transesterification reactions, which are expected to improve miscibility. In this view, poly(butylene/triethylene succinate) block copolymers, were prepared by reactive blending of the parent homopolymers in the presence of Ti(OBu)4 . The polymer synthesized were analyzed by 1 H-NMR, TGA and DSC, in order to investigate the effects of the transesterification reactions on the molecular structure and thermal properties. 1 H-NMR analysis evidenced the formation of copolymers whose degree of random-