- Email: [email protected]
Nutrition and brain development: Role of nonhuman primate models
NBTS 2009 Abstracts
last 2 decades in the development of lentiviral NHP models for vertical transmission has been substantial. These models, combined with progress in noninvasive imaging and cognitive testing, have revealed important insights in our understanding of the developmental risks to HIV-infected newborns and children. Evidence from nonhuman primate AIDS models shows that developmental disabilities stem directly from viral pathogenesis, and thus efforts to control the virus via antiretroviral treatment (ART) are critical. Ironically, the failure of the field to develop effective vaccines has led to NHP studies with longer observation times, in order to determine whether vaccines or ART have limited disease progression. As a result, young primates have been analyzed for developmental and neurological changes, particularly since the lentiviruses were shown to be neurotropic as well as immunosuppressive. This talk will review the current status of pediatric NHP models for AIDS and how they have been utilized to study developmental disabilities and potential treatments and vaccines designed to limit disease and its effects in children. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.059
NBTS56
251
Examples of the use of nonhuman primates as models for determining the effects of developmental exposure to drugs of abuse are, unfortunately, all too rare. Given the clear utility and relevance of these unique models, it seems that the research community if failing to take advantage of these invaluable resources and, thus, the public for whom we toil is not provided timely access to valuable information yet to be discovered. Use of these models has repeatedly demonstrated or confirmed the effects of drugs of abuse on the developing nervous system. Gestational exposure to cocaine can lead to a decrease in the ability of offspring to adjust to important changes in their environment and to a decrease in sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine as adults. Chronic marijuana use during pubescence decreases aspects of motivation, but complete recovery can occur after a few months of abstinence. Opiates routinely used as analgesics during the peripartum period can cause changes in behavior that are detectable for at least a year after exposure. Exposure to ketamine during critical periods of brain growth can significantly alter the natural pattern of programmed cell death in addition to causing necrotic cell death and result in long-lasting functional deficits. The true value of the nonhuman primate in such studies has yet to be realized. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.061
Nutrition and brain development: Role of nonhuman primate models NBTS58 Mari Golub California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA Adaptation of metabolism and development to diet is an important theme in evolutionary biology. Nonhuman primates play a critical role in understanding this issue and in applying this understanding to biomedical and public health issues. Large scale projects involving malnutrition of protein, energy and essential elements (zinc, iron) during developmental periods have defined vulnerable periods and processes. Use of nutrients to customize and optimize diets for developing human brains is a more recent area of research. Finally, “nutriceutical” discovery and development for childhood behavior disorders is on the horizon. Review and integration of these research endeavors will be presented as they relate to maximizing the use of nonhuman primate models in research on childhood developmental disorders. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.060
NBTS57 Alteration in nonhuman primate brain function as a consequence of developmental exposure to drugs of abuse
Twins, chimeras and stem cells: Nonhuman primate models for neurobehavioral research Eric Hayes, Jennifer Potter, Eliza Curnow, Thomas Burbacher Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Non-mammalian model systems have been instrumental in allowing scientists to understand molecular mechanisms controlling genes known to be associated with human disease. Ease of gene targeting strategies in genetically homogeneous in-bred strains of rodent has expanded biomedical research to include gene linkage studies and proteomic, metabolic and limited behavioral characterization of model disorders. Nonhuman primates represent a unique model system for the study of environmental and epigenetic contributions to human disease as well as complex behavioral traits associated with a given pathology. Nonhuman primate embryologyand embryonic stem cell-based assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are considered essential to this effort. Here we provide an overview of nonhuman primate ARTs, a description of nonhuman primate twining, chimera and embryonic stem cell work at the University of Washington and, a discussion of the utility of nonhuman primate ARTs for application to the study of human diseases including developmental disorders. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.062
Merle Paule National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
last 2 decades in the development of lentiviral NHP models for vertical transmission has been substantial. These models, combined with progress in noninvasive imaging and cognitive testing, have revealed important insights in our understanding of the developmental risks to HIV-infected newborns and children. Evidence from nonhuman primate AIDS models shows that developmental disabilities stem directly from viral pathogenesis, and thus efforts to control the virus via antiretroviral treatment (ART) are critical. Ironically, the failure of the field to develop effective vaccines has led to NHP studies with longer observation times, in order to determine whether vaccines or ART have limited disease progression. As a result, young primates have been analyzed for developmental and neurological changes, particularly since the lentiviruses were shown to be neurotropic as well as immunosuppressive. This talk will review the current status of pediatric NHP models for AIDS and how they have been utilized to study developmental disabilities and potential treatments and vaccines designed to limit disease and its effects in children. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.059
NBTS56
251
Examples of the use of nonhuman primates as models for determining the effects of developmental exposure to drugs of abuse are, unfortunately, all too rare. Given the clear utility and relevance of these unique models, it seems that the research community if failing to take advantage of these invaluable resources and, thus, the public for whom we toil is not provided timely access to valuable information yet to be discovered. Use of these models has repeatedly demonstrated or confirmed the effects of drugs of abuse on the developing nervous system. Gestational exposure to cocaine can lead to a decrease in the ability of offspring to adjust to important changes in their environment and to a decrease in sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine as adults. Chronic marijuana use during pubescence decreases aspects of motivation, but complete recovery can occur after a few months of abstinence. Opiates routinely used as analgesics during the peripartum period can cause changes in behavior that are detectable for at least a year after exposure. Exposure to ketamine during critical periods of brain growth can significantly alter the natural pattern of programmed cell death in addition to causing necrotic cell death and result in long-lasting functional deficits. The true value of the nonhuman primate in such studies has yet to be realized. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.061
Nutrition and brain development: Role of nonhuman primate models NBTS58 Mari Golub California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA Adaptation of metabolism and development to diet is an important theme in evolutionary biology. Nonhuman primates play a critical role in understanding this issue and in applying this understanding to biomedical and public health issues. Large scale projects involving malnutrition of protein, energy and essential elements (zinc, iron) during developmental periods have defined vulnerable periods and processes. Use of nutrients to customize and optimize diets for developing human brains is a more recent area of research. Finally, “nutriceutical” discovery and development for childhood behavior disorders is on the horizon. Review and integration of these research endeavors will be presented as they relate to maximizing the use of nonhuman primate models in research on childhood developmental disorders. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.060
NBTS57 Alteration in nonhuman primate brain function as a consequence of developmental exposure to drugs of abuse
Twins, chimeras and stem cells: Nonhuman primate models for neurobehavioral research Eric Hayes, Jennifer Potter, Eliza Curnow, Thomas Burbacher Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Non-mammalian model systems have been instrumental in allowing scientists to understand molecular mechanisms controlling genes known to be associated with human disease. Ease of gene targeting strategies in genetically homogeneous in-bred strains of rodent has expanded biomedical research to include gene linkage studies and proteomic, metabolic and limited behavioral characterization of model disorders. Nonhuman primates represent a unique model system for the study of environmental and epigenetic contributions to human disease as well as complex behavioral traits associated with a given pathology. Nonhuman primate embryologyand embryonic stem cell-based assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are considered essential to this effort. Here we provide an overview of nonhuman primate ARTs, a description of nonhuman primate twining, chimera and embryonic stem cell work at the University of Washington and, a discussion of the utility of nonhuman primate ARTs for application to the study of human diseases including developmental disorders. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.062
Merle Paule National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA