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Nutritional evaluation of the dietary program for Thailand national rowing athletes during the 2011 training program
Thursday 1 November Papers / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (2013) S34–S126
129 Nutritional evaluation of the dietary program for Thailand national rowing athletes during the 2011 training program N. Uengarporn 1,∗ , R. Oonsivilsi 1 , S. Kangnoke 2 , N. Sittitoon 1 , P. Ratanajaipan 2 1 2
Suranaree Universtiy of Technology The Rowing and Canoeing Association of Thailand
Rowing is a high-energy demanding activity, in averages, requiring up to 3,100–4,000, 2,400–3,000 kcal per day in volunteered male, female athletes respectively as suggested by Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). In this study, we analyzed the nutritional status of the Thailand National Rowing Athletes in highly training program during Suranaree University of Technology sports camp 2011. The averages BMIs of the athletes were 23.2 ± 1.16 kg/m2 in 13 males, 21.2 ± 1.54 kg/m2 in 7 females. The averages body fat composition of all female athletes significantly decreased after 4 months of the program (from 25.5% to 19.9%, p < 0.001). Two-time point comparison (n = 9) of the daily intake between 1 month, at the end of the training showed that the rowing athletes had not adequate daily calories intake for training activities, only 2,202 kcal in 7 male athletes, 1,305 kcal in 2 weighted control female athletes. Carbohydrates, fat contributed 51 ± 1.16, 31 ± 10% of the total calories taken respectively. The percent of fat was high than recommendation for weighted controlled females. The micro-nutrients taken by the athletes were inadequate according to recommended daily allowance (RDA). Male athletes received only 97.78% of calcium, 69.82% of vitamin A, 96.75% of vitamin C per day, comparing with RDA values. Weighted controlled female received 82% of calcium, 62% of ferrous, 32% of vitamin A, 88% of vitamin B1, 93.5% of niacin per day, comparing with RDA values. This study indicated the need of appropriate training program, intervention of nutritional management for these rowing athletes. We suggested that better nutritional control of dietary fat, increase the intake of grain, brown rice, low fat milk, red meats, fruits would benefit the rowing athletes in both energy, micro-nutrient requirements. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.132 130 Development of a psycho-educational anti-doping intervention program for emerging athletes G. Jalleh 1,∗ , R. Donovan 1 , D. Gucciardi 2 1 2
Curtin University The University of Queensland
Introduction: Current anti-doping programs focus on knowledge of banned substances, reporting and testing requirements, and penalties for noncompliance. This current approach ignores personality variables that may render an athlete susceptible to doping. We sought to develop an intervention targeting junior elite athletes that involved psycho-educational activities and exercises that target the personality variables we found to significantly differentiate athletes with respect to increased doping susceptibility: Sport motivation–susceptibles are more externally regulated and lesser intrinsically motivated; Achievement goals–susceptibles are characterised by lesser performance-approach and greater performance-avoidance; Athletic identity–susceptibles tend to have a strong public identity; Perfectionism–susceptibles are more concerned with mistakes and parental pressure; Fear of failure; Self-presentational concerns–susceptibles tend to be more worried about appearing athletically untalented, physically unattractive,
S55
fatigued/lacking energy, and mentally weak; Morality–susceptibles tend to have a positive disposition towards cheating and gamesmanship. Methods: The project consisted of three phases: 1) Focus group interviews with sports psychologists from across Australia to assist in generating the content of a psycho-educational intervention; 2) Following the input from psychologists a number of counselling approaches in common use by both psychologists in general and sports psychologists were reviewed to develop the specific content of the intervention; and 3) Feedback on the draft intervention was obtained from sport psychologists previously involved in the project. Results: A four modules intervention, to be delivered by a sports psychologist over four weeks in sessions lasting from 1 to 2 hours for groups of around 10 athletes, was developed. The intervention is titled “Improving performance by dealing with negative thoughts that can impede sport performance”. The overall aim of the intervention is to show athletes how they can overcome various negative thoughts and feelings that are impeding their performance. Discussion: By dealing with these issues, the intervention not only aims to improve performance, but also lessen athletes’ likelihood of showing poor sportsmanship, being tempted to cheat, and hence lessen their vulnerability to trying illegal methods to improve their performance. Sports psychologists who wish to field test the intervention are advised that: a) specific examples are to be elicited from athletes and from the participants’ fields of sport; b) sport psychologists could adapt their preferred counselling technique to the issues; and c) to avoid boredom and to enhance internalisation of the concepts, the sessions should be as interactive as possible. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.133 131 Longitudinal trends in physical activity level and sedentary behavior in a population based sample of youth E. Kolle ∗ , J. Stokke, J. Steene-Johannessen, L. Andersen, S. Anderssen Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Medicine Introduction: Most studies investigating trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior are based on self-report. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe longitudinal trends in objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior from age 9 to 15. Methods: In 2005–06, a nationally representative sample of 1306 9-year-old Norwegians participated in a cross-sectional study where the aim was to describe their objectively assessed physical activity level. Six years later these participants were invited to participate in the study “ungKan2” as 15-year-olds. A total of 671 subjects participated in both studies. Physical activity was assessed using the ActiGraph accelerometer. Outcome variables were daily activity counts per minute (cpm) as well as time spent in sedentary behaviour (<100 cpm) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA > 2000 cpm). General linear models were used to assess changes in physical activity. Results: A total of 512 participants provided valid physical activity assessments that met all inclusion criteria at both time points (girls: n = 244; boys: n = 268). At age 9, girls had a mean (SD) physical activity level of 608 (203) cpm, and the activity level was reduced to 434 (140) cpm at age 15 (p < 0.001). For boys, the mean activity level was 701 (233) cpm at age 9 and 523 (182) cpm at age 15 (p < 0.001). At age 9 the girls and boys, on average, were sedentary for 431 (64)
129 Nutritional evaluation of the dietary program for Thailand national rowing athletes during the 2011 training program N. Uengarporn 1,∗ , R. Oonsivilsi 1 , S. Kangnoke 2 , N. Sittitoon 1 , P. Ratanajaipan 2 1 2
Suranaree Universtiy of Technology The Rowing and Canoeing Association of Thailand
Rowing is a high-energy demanding activity, in averages, requiring up to 3,100–4,000, 2,400–3,000 kcal per day in volunteered male, female athletes respectively as suggested by Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). In this study, we analyzed the nutritional status of the Thailand National Rowing Athletes in highly training program during Suranaree University of Technology sports camp 2011. The averages BMIs of the athletes were 23.2 ± 1.16 kg/m2 in 13 males, 21.2 ± 1.54 kg/m2 in 7 females. The averages body fat composition of all female athletes significantly decreased after 4 months of the program (from 25.5% to 19.9%, p < 0.001). Two-time point comparison (n = 9) of the daily intake between 1 month, at the end of the training showed that the rowing athletes had not adequate daily calories intake for training activities, only 2,202 kcal in 7 male athletes, 1,305 kcal in 2 weighted control female athletes. Carbohydrates, fat contributed 51 ± 1.16, 31 ± 10% of the total calories taken respectively. The percent of fat was high than recommendation for weighted controlled females. The micro-nutrients taken by the athletes were inadequate according to recommended daily allowance (RDA). Male athletes received only 97.78% of calcium, 69.82% of vitamin A, 96.75% of vitamin C per day, comparing with RDA values. Weighted controlled female received 82% of calcium, 62% of ferrous, 32% of vitamin A, 88% of vitamin B1, 93.5% of niacin per day, comparing with RDA values. This study indicated the need of appropriate training program, intervention of nutritional management for these rowing athletes. We suggested that better nutritional control of dietary fat, increase the intake of grain, brown rice, low fat milk, red meats, fruits would benefit the rowing athletes in both energy, micro-nutrient requirements. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.132 130 Development of a psycho-educational anti-doping intervention program for emerging athletes G. Jalleh 1,∗ , R. Donovan 1 , D. Gucciardi 2 1 2
Curtin University The University of Queensland
Introduction: Current anti-doping programs focus on knowledge of banned substances, reporting and testing requirements, and penalties for noncompliance. This current approach ignores personality variables that may render an athlete susceptible to doping. We sought to develop an intervention targeting junior elite athletes that involved psycho-educational activities and exercises that target the personality variables we found to significantly differentiate athletes with respect to increased doping susceptibility: Sport motivation–susceptibles are more externally regulated and lesser intrinsically motivated; Achievement goals–susceptibles are characterised by lesser performance-approach and greater performance-avoidance; Athletic identity–susceptibles tend to have a strong public identity; Perfectionism–susceptibles are more concerned with mistakes and parental pressure; Fear of failure; Self-presentational concerns–susceptibles tend to be more worried about appearing athletically untalented, physically unattractive,
S55
fatigued/lacking energy, and mentally weak; Morality–susceptibles tend to have a positive disposition towards cheating and gamesmanship. Methods: The project consisted of three phases: 1) Focus group interviews with sports psychologists from across Australia to assist in generating the content of a psycho-educational intervention; 2) Following the input from psychologists a number of counselling approaches in common use by both psychologists in general and sports psychologists were reviewed to develop the specific content of the intervention; and 3) Feedback on the draft intervention was obtained from sport psychologists previously involved in the project. Results: A four modules intervention, to be delivered by a sports psychologist over four weeks in sessions lasting from 1 to 2 hours for groups of around 10 athletes, was developed. The intervention is titled “Improving performance by dealing with negative thoughts that can impede sport performance”. The overall aim of the intervention is to show athletes how they can overcome various negative thoughts and feelings that are impeding their performance. Discussion: By dealing with these issues, the intervention not only aims to improve performance, but also lessen athletes’ likelihood of showing poor sportsmanship, being tempted to cheat, and hence lessen their vulnerability to trying illegal methods to improve their performance. Sports psychologists who wish to field test the intervention are advised that: a) specific examples are to be elicited from athletes and from the participants’ fields of sport; b) sport psychologists could adapt their preferred counselling technique to the issues; and c) to avoid boredom and to enhance internalisation of the concepts, the sessions should be as interactive as possible. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.133 131 Longitudinal trends in physical activity level and sedentary behavior in a population based sample of youth E. Kolle ∗ , J. Stokke, J. Steene-Johannessen, L. Andersen, S. Anderssen Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Medicine Introduction: Most studies investigating trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior are based on self-report. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe longitudinal trends in objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior from age 9 to 15. Methods: In 2005–06, a nationally representative sample of 1306 9-year-old Norwegians participated in a cross-sectional study where the aim was to describe their objectively assessed physical activity level. Six years later these participants were invited to participate in the study “ungKan2” as 15-year-olds. A total of 671 subjects participated in both studies. Physical activity was assessed using the ActiGraph accelerometer. Outcome variables were daily activity counts per minute (cpm) as well as time spent in sedentary behaviour (<100 cpm) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA > 2000 cpm). General linear models were used to assess changes in physical activity. Results: A total of 512 participants provided valid physical activity assessments that met all inclusion criteria at both time points (girls: n = 244; boys: n = 268). At age 9, girls had a mean (SD) physical activity level of 608 (203) cpm, and the activity level was reduced to 434 (140) cpm at age 15 (p < 0.001). For boys, the mean activity level was 701 (233) cpm at age 9 and 523 (182) cpm at age 15 (p < 0.001). At age 9 the girls and boys, on average, were sedentary for 431 (64)