Nutritional value for young children of grain amaranth and maize-amaranth mixtures: Effect of processing

355 diphenylcyclobutanedicarboxylic compounds were easily detected on-column at low picogram levels using a moderately polar fused-silica capillary column in the spiitless mode and interfaced with a qNi electron-capture detector. Nutritional value for young children of grain amaranth and maizeamaranth mixtures: Effect of processing Morales E; Lembcke J; Graham GG J. NUTR.; 118/l (78-85)/1988/ Amaranthus caudatus L. toasted flour, popped grain and flakes were each fed to nine young children as the source of all diet protein and fat and 50% of diet energy, preceded and followed by casein control diets. All provided 6.4-6.796 of energy as protein and 9.3- 10.1% as fat. Balances were carried out during the last 6 d of the three 9-d amaranth periods and during the four control periods. Fecal wet and dry weights during amaranth diets were 129- 157% of those during casein control diets; fecal energy, fat and carbohydrate from the toasted flour periods were 193. 268 and 256%; from the popped grain 253,586 and 195%; and from the Sakes 225,356 and 255% of those during casein diets. Apparent N absorptions were 84.1-84.6% of the casein values (P < 0.001); apparent retentions from toasted, popped and flaked amaranth were 70.9, 65.9 and 59.0% of casein (p < 0.001).The last of these was significantly lower than the first (P < 0.05). Fecai fat was much higher (P < 0.001)from the popped than from the flaked grain and the toasted flour. Toasted flour was then added to maize meal so that amaranth provided 20 or 30% of the protein. Seven young children recieved diets in which 6.4% of total energy came from one of the above mixes, or from casein, as protein. Soya-cottonseed oils completed 25% lipid energy in ail three diets; balance of energy was from sucrose in the experimental diets and from sucrose, corn syrup solids and cornstarch in the casein diet. During 9-d periods daily fecal wet weight was 123.4 f 24.2 g, dry weight 26.6 f 3.8 k and energy 108. rt 12.3 kcal from the 20% amaranth diet; 113.0 f 18.2,25.4 f 1.9 and 105.8 2 10.7 from the 30% diet; and 73.6 f 29.6, 11.9 f 3.0 and 48.8 f 12.2 (all P < 0.01) from the casein diet. Fecal fat was very low during ail diets; calculated fecal CHO was 16.3 + 2.6 and 16.3 f 1.6 g/d for the two maize-amaranth diets, 4.7 f 2.0 (P < 0.01) for the casein control. Apparent N absorptions (% of intake) were 70.4 f 4.1,72.1 f 5.3 and 83.8 f 1.9 (P < 0.01) from the three diets; apparent N retentions (% of intake) were 28.0 f 5.2, 29.0 f 2.8 and 36.6 f 3.1 (P < 0.01). With as little as 12.7% by weight (20% of protein) of added amaranth flour, maize meal should be able to satisfy protein and lipid needs of young children if it provides approx. 90% of diet energy. Separation and quantitative analyeis of some carotenoid fatty acid esters of fruits by liquid cluomatography Philip T; Chen T-S

J. CHROMATOGR.; 435/l (113- 1261119881 The absorption and partition properties of several fatty acid esters of capsanthin, capsorubin, betacryptoxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin and beta-citraurin isolated from fruits were studied by normalphase (silica) and reversed-phase (octadecylsilane) liquid chromatography using Sudan 1 as internal standard. The separation on a normal phase was based on the functional group of the carotenoids and individual esters of the same carotenoid did not resolve. The separation on a reversed phase was more dependent on the number of acyl carbons than the functional group, and individual esters of the same carotenoid differing only two acyl carbons were separated with a resolution of 3. There was a linear relationship between number of acyl carbons and retention times of the same car&enoid on reversed phase. The separation on a normal phase was the reverse of that on a reversed phase, and a combination of normal-phasefoliowed by reversed-phase chromatography was used for the separation of esters with the same or close retention times. L’HISTOPLASMOSE AFRICAINE AU MALI African hi&oplaamosi~ in Mali Pichard E; Duflo B; Sangare S; et al ANN. MED. INTERNE; 13814(278- 281)/1987/ Twenty-four cases of histoplasmosis have been diagnosed since 1945 in native Malians (20 cases) or