- Email: [email protected]
O10. How is differentiation of pluripotent stem cells regulated during planarian regeneration?
Y. Takahashi, E. Shimokita / Differentiation 80 (2010) S6–S16
O10 How is differentiation of pluripotent stem cells regulated during planarian regeneration?
K. Agata a, S. Yazawa a, Y. Umesono a,b a
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Agata) b
Planarians have strong regenerative ability derived from their pluripotent stem cells, which are distributed throughout their body. If we cut a planarian into many pieces, nearly all fragments can regenerate the entire structure of the body (Yazawa et al., 2009; Agata and Umesono, 2008; Kobayashi et al., 2007; Agata et al., 2003; Ogawa et al., 2002; Cebria et al., 2002). How do the stem cells recognize the position where they should regenerate a brain, eyes or a pharynx? How can they recognize the body polarity? Here we will summarize the growth signaling systems involved in stem cell regulation during planarian regeneration. Agata, K., Tanaka, T., Kobayashi, C., Kato K., Saito, Y., 2003. Intercalary regeneration in planarian. Dev. Dyn. 226, 308–316. Agata, K., Umesono, Y., 2008. Brain regeneration from pluripotent stem cells in planarian. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 363, 2071–2078. Cebria , F., Kobayashi, C., Nakazawa, M., Mineta, K., Ikeo, K., Gojobori, T., Ito, M., Taira, M., Sa´nchez Alvarado, A., Agata, K., 2002. FGFRrelated gene nou-darake restricts brain tissues to the head region of planarians. Nature 419, 620–624. Kobayashi, C., Saito, Y., Ogawa K., Agata, K., 2007. Wnt signaling is required for antero-posterior patterning of the planarian brain. Dev. Biol. 306, 714–724. Ogawa, K., Ishihara, S., Mineta, K., Nakazawa, M., Ikeo, K., Gojobori, T., Watanabe K., Agata, K., 2002. Induction of a noggin-like gene by ectopic D–V interaction during planarian regeneration. Dev. Biol. 250, 59–70. Yazawa, S., Umesono, Y., Hayashi, T., Tarui H., Agata, K., 2009. Planarian Hedgehog/Patched establishes anteroposterior polarity by regulating Wnt signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 22329–22334. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.09.153
S9
HIRA protein. Notably, CAF-1 is part of the histone H3 complex, H3.1 complex (replicative form) (Groth et al., 2007a, 2007b) and HIRA of the H3.3 complex (replacement form) (Tagami et al., 2004; Nakatani et al., 2004; Quivy et al., 2008; Loyola et al., 2009). In addition, another histone chaperone, Asf1, has to be integrated in a network of interactions leading to nucleosome deposition. A novel chaperone for the centromeric histone variant CENPA has been identified (Dunleavy et al., 2009). A major goal in our laboratory is to integrate the function of these factors and histone variants in vivo during development. This is considered in connection with replication, repair and control of histone pools. We will discuss our recent findings on this topic and the interrelationships with other assembly factors. Dunleavy, E.M., Roche, D., Tagami, H., Lacoste, N., Ray-Gallet, D., Nakamura, Y., Daigo, Y., Nakatani, Y., Almouzni G., 2009. HJURP, a key CENP-A-partner for maintenance and deposition of CENPA at centromeres at late telophase/G1. Cell 137, 485–497. Groth, A., Rocha, W., Verreault, A., Almouzni, G., 2007a. Chromatin challenges during DNA replication and repair. Cell 128, 721–733. Groth, A., Corpet, A., Cook, A., Roche, D., Bartek, J., Lukas, J., Almouzni, G., 2007b. Regulation of replication fork progression through histone supply/demand. Science 318, 1928–1931. De Koning, L., Savignoni, A., Boumendil, C., Rehman, H., Asselain, B., Sastre-Garau, X., Almouzni, G., 2009. Heterochromatin protein 1a: a hallmark of cell proliferation relevant to clinical oncology. EMBO Mol. Med. 1, 178–191 Loyola, A., Tagami, H., Bonaldi, T., Roche, D., Quivy, J.P., Imhof, A., Nakatani, Y., Dent, S.Y.R., Almouzni, G., 2009. The HP1a-CAF-1SetDB1-containing complex provides H3K9me1 for Suv39mediated K9me3 in pericentric heterochromatin. EMBO Rep. 10, 769–775. Nakatani, Y., Ray-Gallet, D., Quivy, J.P., Tagami, H., Almouzni, G., 2004. Two distinct nucleosome assembly pathways; dependent or independent of DNA synthesis promoted by Histone H3.1 and H3.3 complexes. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 69, 273–280. Quivy, J.P., Ge´rard, A., Cook, A.J.L., Roche, D., Mone´, M., Almouzni, G., 2008. A functional HP1–CAF-1 interaction module necessary to replicate and propagate pericentric heterochromatin impacts on S-phase progression in mouse cells. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 15, 972–979. Tagami, H., Ray-Gallet, D., Alomouzni, G., Nakatani, Y., 2004. Histone H3.1 and H3.3 complex mediate nucleosome assembly pathways dependent or independent of DNA synthesis. Cell 116, 51–61. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.09.154
O11 Variation on the theme of chromatin assembly
Genevie ve Almouzni
O12 Polycomb-dependent regulation for differentiation programs of stem cells and progenitors
Institut Curie, UMR 218 CNRS, Paris, France Haruhiko Koseki a,b, Mitsuhiro Endoh a,b, Takaho A. Endo c Inheritance and maintenance of the DNA sequence and its organization into chromatin are central for eukaryotic life. To orchestrate DNA-replication and -repair processes in the context of chromatin is a challenge. Factors have been isolated from cell extracts that stimulate early steps in chromatin assembly in vitro. One such factor, chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1), facilitates nucleosome formation coupled to DNA synthesis. It is thought to participate in a marking system at the crossroads of DNA replication and repair to monitor genome integrity and to define particular epigenetic states. We have now identified a chromatin assembly pathway independent of DNA synthesis involving the
a
Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Japan b JST, CREST, Japan c RIKEN Bioinformatics and System Engineering Division, Yokohama, Japan E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Koseki)
To clarify the molecular mechanisms linking two distinct Polycomb complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, and their biological
O10 How is differentiation of pluripotent stem cells regulated during planarian regeneration?
K. Agata a, S. Yazawa a, Y. Umesono a,b a
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Agata) b
Planarians have strong regenerative ability derived from their pluripotent stem cells, which are distributed throughout their body. If we cut a planarian into many pieces, nearly all fragments can regenerate the entire structure of the body (Yazawa et al., 2009; Agata and Umesono, 2008; Kobayashi et al., 2007; Agata et al., 2003; Ogawa et al., 2002; Cebria et al., 2002). How do the stem cells recognize the position where they should regenerate a brain, eyes or a pharynx? How can they recognize the body polarity? Here we will summarize the growth signaling systems involved in stem cell regulation during planarian regeneration. Agata, K., Tanaka, T., Kobayashi, C., Kato K., Saito, Y., 2003. Intercalary regeneration in planarian. Dev. Dyn. 226, 308–316. Agata, K., Umesono, Y., 2008. Brain regeneration from pluripotent stem cells in planarian. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 363, 2071–2078. Cebria , F., Kobayashi, C., Nakazawa, M., Mineta, K., Ikeo, K., Gojobori, T., Ito, M., Taira, M., Sa´nchez Alvarado, A., Agata, K., 2002. FGFRrelated gene nou-darake restricts brain tissues to the head region of planarians. Nature 419, 620–624. Kobayashi, C., Saito, Y., Ogawa K., Agata, K., 2007. Wnt signaling is required for antero-posterior patterning of the planarian brain. Dev. Biol. 306, 714–724. Ogawa, K., Ishihara, S., Mineta, K., Nakazawa, M., Ikeo, K., Gojobori, T., Watanabe K., Agata, K., 2002. Induction of a noggin-like gene by ectopic D–V interaction during planarian regeneration. Dev. Biol. 250, 59–70. Yazawa, S., Umesono, Y., Hayashi, T., Tarui H., Agata, K., 2009. Planarian Hedgehog/Patched establishes anteroposterior polarity by regulating Wnt signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 22329–22334. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.09.153
S9
HIRA protein. Notably, CAF-1 is part of the histone H3 complex, H3.1 complex (replicative form) (Groth et al., 2007a, 2007b) and HIRA of the H3.3 complex (replacement form) (Tagami et al., 2004; Nakatani et al., 2004; Quivy et al., 2008; Loyola et al., 2009). In addition, another histone chaperone, Asf1, has to be integrated in a network of interactions leading to nucleosome deposition. A novel chaperone for the centromeric histone variant CENPA has been identified (Dunleavy et al., 2009). A major goal in our laboratory is to integrate the function of these factors and histone variants in vivo during development. This is considered in connection with replication, repair and control of histone pools. We will discuss our recent findings on this topic and the interrelationships with other assembly factors. Dunleavy, E.M., Roche, D., Tagami, H., Lacoste, N., Ray-Gallet, D., Nakamura, Y., Daigo, Y., Nakatani, Y., Almouzni G., 2009. HJURP, a key CENP-A-partner for maintenance and deposition of CENPA at centromeres at late telophase/G1. Cell 137, 485–497. Groth, A., Rocha, W., Verreault, A., Almouzni, G., 2007a. Chromatin challenges during DNA replication and repair. Cell 128, 721–733. Groth, A., Corpet, A., Cook, A., Roche, D., Bartek, J., Lukas, J., Almouzni, G., 2007b. Regulation of replication fork progression through histone supply/demand. Science 318, 1928–1931. De Koning, L., Savignoni, A., Boumendil, C., Rehman, H., Asselain, B., Sastre-Garau, X., Almouzni, G., 2009. Heterochromatin protein 1a: a hallmark of cell proliferation relevant to clinical oncology. EMBO Mol. Med. 1, 178–191 Loyola, A., Tagami, H., Bonaldi, T., Roche, D., Quivy, J.P., Imhof, A., Nakatani, Y., Dent, S.Y.R., Almouzni, G., 2009. The HP1a-CAF-1SetDB1-containing complex provides H3K9me1 for Suv39mediated K9me3 in pericentric heterochromatin. EMBO Rep. 10, 769–775. Nakatani, Y., Ray-Gallet, D., Quivy, J.P., Tagami, H., Almouzni, G., 2004. Two distinct nucleosome assembly pathways; dependent or independent of DNA synthesis promoted by Histone H3.1 and H3.3 complexes. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 69, 273–280. Quivy, J.P., Ge´rard, A., Cook, A.J.L., Roche, D., Mone´, M., Almouzni, G., 2008. A functional HP1–CAF-1 interaction module necessary to replicate and propagate pericentric heterochromatin impacts on S-phase progression in mouse cells. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 15, 972–979. Tagami, H., Ray-Gallet, D., Alomouzni, G., Nakatani, Y., 2004. Histone H3.1 and H3.3 complex mediate nucleosome assembly pathways dependent or independent of DNA synthesis. Cell 116, 51–61. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.09.154
O11 Variation on the theme of chromatin assembly
Genevie ve Almouzni
O12 Polycomb-dependent regulation for differentiation programs of stem cells and progenitors
Institut Curie, UMR 218 CNRS, Paris, France Haruhiko Koseki a,b, Mitsuhiro Endoh a,b, Takaho A. Endo c Inheritance and maintenance of the DNA sequence and its organization into chromatin are central for eukaryotic life. To orchestrate DNA-replication and -repair processes in the context of chromatin is a challenge. Factors have been isolated from cell extracts that stimulate early steps in chromatin assembly in vitro. One such factor, chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1), facilitates nucleosome formation coupled to DNA synthesis. It is thought to participate in a marking system at the crossroads of DNA replication and repair to monitor genome integrity and to define particular epigenetic states. We have now identified a chromatin assembly pathway independent of DNA synthesis involving the
a
Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Japan b JST, CREST, Japan c RIKEN Bioinformatics and System Engineering Division, Yokohama, Japan E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Koseki)
To clarify the molecular mechanisms linking two distinct Polycomb complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, and their biological