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O44 Nutritional protection against obesity
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Abstracts / Biochemical Pharmacology 139 (2017) 105–141
Session 15: Drugnutrientmicrobiomelifestyle interactions O44 Nutritional protection against obesity Andreas Kolb, Linda Petrie University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Obesity is a pressing public health problem caused by an interaction of several factors including genetic susceptibility and lifestyle changes (e.g. consumption of energy-dense, high fat/sugar foods and, possibly, increases in sedentary behaviour). Public health messages have had limited success in combating obesity. Energy dense foods often have high palatability which makes them attractive to consumers. Food additives which improve the metabolic health profile of these foods without changing their sensory qualities would provide an alternative public health intervention to combat obesity. We have investigated the effects of blueberry (BB) extract supplementation as an anti-obesogenic intervention. The supplementation completely prevented the effects of a high fat diet in a C57BL/6 mouse obesity model. Many physiological parameters including body weight, body composition, organ weight, serum lipids, adipose tissue inflammation, food intake, and glucose tolerance were all normalised by the supplementation. Liver lipid metabolism was significantly changed in response to BB supplementation leading to a significant reduction in liver MUFA storage. BB supplementation resulted in a significant increase in energy excretion. In addition, energy balance calculations suggest that energy expenditure is also significantly increased in response to BB supplementation. The results suggest that BB extracts can mitigate against the obesogenic effects of a high fat diet by reducing energy uptake and increasing energy expenditure. We are currently identifying the phytochemicals involved in the anti-obesogenic effect. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.109
O45 Validation study of a food frequency questionnaire for the measurement of food consumption in polyphenols: Use of a urinary biomarker. Preliminary results Hoge Axelle b, Guillaume Michèle b, Donneau Anne Françoise b, Albert Adelin b, Cheramy-Bien Jean Paul a, Tabart Jessica c, Kevers Claire c, Dommes Jacky c, Ebabe Elle Raymond b, Defaigne Jean Olivier a, Pincemail Joël a a CHU of Liège Dpt of Cardiovascular Surgery/Plateforme Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, Liège, Belgium, b University of Liège Dpt of Public Health Sciences, Liège, Belgium, c University of Liège Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Liège, Belgium The purpose of our study was to assess the validity of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the NESCaV study (Nutrition, Environment and Cardiovascular Health) for the measurement of food polyphenols intake. 53 volunteer adults, aged between 20 and 60, were included in the Stroxybio study*. The nutritional intake of total polyphenols estimated from the FFQ was compared with the results obtained from a 3-day dietary recording (EA) as well as the total polyphenol urine concentrations determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The polyphenol feed composition was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. The median intakes of polyphenols estimated from FFQ and EA were 2270.92 mg per day and 1203.63 mg per day, respectively. The results show that there is a
strong association between the results of the two dietary questionnaires, FFQ and EA (r = 0.633, P < 0.0001). A moderate but significant association was observed between FFQ results and urinary polyphenol concentrations (r = 0.30, P = 0.0319). The median urinary concentrations of polyphenols was 10678.57 lg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of creatinine. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of combining both food survey and nutritional biomarker data to estimate exposure to polyphenols in a given population. Acknowledgements: *supported by Region Wallonne grant Cwality 117637. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.110
O46 Selenium supplementation and modified high-intensity interval training (m-HIIT) to modulate systemic oxidative stress in sedentary overweight/obese adults: In vitro and in vivo studies D. Leighton a, M. Goua b, Kq Burgess c, G. Bermano a a Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK, b School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK, c School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK Obesity is characterised by systemic oxidative stress (OS) resulting from high levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant capacity. OS plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development by initiating atherosclerotic plaque formation. Increased dietary antioxidants’ intake or up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes may counteract OS and lower CVD risk. Essential micronutrient selenium supplementation and regular physical activity increase endogenous antioxidant enzyme Glutathione Peroxidases (GPx) activity. However, it is unknown whether modified high-intensity interval training (m-HIIT), an emerging time-efficient exercise regime, modulates redox status among sedentary overweight/obese adults, and whether it has adjunctive effects when combined with selenium supplementation. This work investigates the effect of selenium supplementation on antioxidant enzymes gene expression and ROS generation in vitro, and assesses the role of a dietary and exercise intervention in modulating OS and CVD risk in vivo. Monocyte cells were cultured with/ out sodium selenite (100 nM) and stimulated with Paraquat/S-Nitr oso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (PQ/SNAP, 1 mM/0.7 mM) to induce OS. Treatment with PQ/SNAP significantly increased ROS generation compared to untreated cells, confirming OS induction; whereas selenium supplementation significantly increased GPx1 (146%) and GPx4 gene expression (77%) and reduced ROS production when compared to un-supplemented stressed cells. Preliminary results from the three-armed randomised intervention study, 8 weeks m-HIIT (10 1min at 60% peak aerobic power, three days/week) and/or selenium supplementation (100 lg selenomethionine/day), showed that a single m-HIIT bout significantly increased plasma GPx activity 15 min post-exercise and combined interventions reduced OS. Selenium supplementation and m-HIIT may, therefore, be effective in counteracting OS by significantly increasing GPxs expression in an in vitro and in vivo system. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.111
Abstracts / Biochemical Pharmacology 139 (2017) 105–141
Session 15: Drugnutrientmicrobiomelifestyle interactions O44 Nutritional protection against obesity Andreas Kolb, Linda Petrie University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Obesity is a pressing public health problem caused by an interaction of several factors including genetic susceptibility and lifestyle changes (e.g. consumption of energy-dense, high fat/sugar foods and, possibly, increases in sedentary behaviour). Public health messages have had limited success in combating obesity. Energy dense foods often have high palatability which makes them attractive to consumers. Food additives which improve the metabolic health profile of these foods without changing their sensory qualities would provide an alternative public health intervention to combat obesity. We have investigated the effects of blueberry (BB) extract supplementation as an anti-obesogenic intervention. The supplementation completely prevented the effects of a high fat diet in a C57BL/6 mouse obesity model. Many physiological parameters including body weight, body composition, organ weight, serum lipids, adipose tissue inflammation, food intake, and glucose tolerance were all normalised by the supplementation. Liver lipid metabolism was significantly changed in response to BB supplementation leading to a significant reduction in liver MUFA storage. BB supplementation resulted in a significant increase in energy excretion. In addition, energy balance calculations suggest that energy expenditure is also significantly increased in response to BB supplementation. The results suggest that BB extracts can mitigate against the obesogenic effects of a high fat diet by reducing energy uptake and increasing energy expenditure. We are currently identifying the phytochemicals involved in the anti-obesogenic effect. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.109
O45 Validation study of a food frequency questionnaire for the measurement of food consumption in polyphenols: Use of a urinary biomarker. Preliminary results Hoge Axelle b, Guillaume Michèle b, Donneau Anne Françoise b, Albert Adelin b, Cheramy-Bien Jean Paul a, Tabart Jessica c, Kevers Claire c, Dommes Jacky c, Ebabe Elle Raymond b, Defaigne Jean Olivier a, Pincemail Joël a a CHU of Liège Dpt of Cardiovascular Surgery/Plateforme Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, Liège, Belgium, b University of Liège Dpt of Public Health Sciences, Liège, Belgium, c University of Liège Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Liège, Belgium The purpose of our study was to assess the validity of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the NESCaV study (Nutrition, Environment and Cardiovascular Health) for the measurement of food polyphenols intake. 53 volunteer adults, aged between 20 and 60, were included in the Stroxybio study*. The nutritional intake of total polyphenols estimated from the FFQ was compared with the results obtained from a 3-day dietary recording (EA) as well as the total polyphenol urine concentrations determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The polyphenol feed composition was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. The median intakes of polyphenols estimated from FFQ and EA were 2270.92 mg per day and 1203.63 mg per day, respectively. The results show that there is a
strong association between the results of the two dietary questionnaires, FFQ and EA (r = 0.633, P < 0.0001). A moderate but significant association was observed between FFQ results and urinary polyphenol concentrations (r = 0.30, P = 0.0319). The median urinary concentrations of polyphenols was 10678.57 lg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of creatinine. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of combining both food survey and nutritional biomarker data to estimate exposure to polyphenols in a given population. Acknowledgements: *supported by Region Wallonne grant Cwality 117637. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.110
O46 Selenium supplementation and modified high-intensity interval training (m-HIIT) to modulate systemic oxidative stress in sedentary overweight/obese adults: In vitro and in vivo studies D. Leighton a, M. Goua b, Kq Burgess c, G. Bermano a a Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK, b School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK, c School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK Obesity is characterised by systemic oxidative stress (OS) resulting from high levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant capacity. OS plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development by initiating atherosclerotic plaque formation. Increased dietary antioxidants’ intake or up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes may counteract OS and lower CVD risk. Essential micronutrient selenium supplementation and regular physical activity increase endogenous antioxidant enzyme Glutathione Peroxidases (GPx) activity. However, it is unknown whether modified high-intensity interval training (m-HIIT), an emerging time-efficient exercise regime, modulates redox status among sedentary overweight/obese adults, and whether it has adjunctive effects when combined with selenium supplementation. This work investigates the effect of selenium supplementation on antioxidant enzymes gene expression and ROS generation in vitro, and assesses the role of a dietary and exercise intervention in modulating OS and CVD risk in vivo. Monocyte cells were cultured with/ out sodium selenite (100 nM) and stimulated with Paraquat/S-Nitr oso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (PQ/SNAP, 1 mM/0.7 mM) to induce OS. Treatment with PQ/SNAP significantly increased ROS generation compared to untreated cells, confirming OS induction; whereas selenium supplementation significantly increased GPx1 (146%) and GPx4 gene expression (77%) and reduced ROS production when compared to un-supplemented stressed cells. Preliminary results from the three-armed randomised intervention study, 8 weeks m-HIIT (10 1min at 60% peak aerobic power, three days/week) and/or selenium supplementation (100 lg selenomethionine/day), showed that a single m-HIIT bout significantly increased plasma GPx activity 15 min post-exercise and combined interventions reduced OS. Selenium supplementation and m-HIIT may, therefore, be effective in counteracting OS by significantly increasing GPxs expression in an in vitro and in vivo system. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.111