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Obituary harold Victor Whitlock
OBITUARY HAROLD VICTOR WHITLOCK
READERSof the International Journalfor Parasitology will be saddened to learn of the death last year of H. V. Whitlock, known to parasitologists the world over for the McMaster Counting Chamber and for the technique he developed with H. McL. Gordon for counting helm&h eggs in faeces. The following communication has been received from Dr. Gordon in commemoration. The Editor was privileged to have been a close friend of Harold Whitlock and joins Dr. Gordon in extending his personal sympathy to Harold’s family. HAROLDWHITLOCKdied on 28 May 1985 at the age of 66. He was born at Hurstville, New South Wales and was educated at Hurstville High School. In 1934 he was appointed to the McMaster Laboratory of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization-CSIRO) as a Laboratory Technician to work with the late Sir Ian Clunies Ross, Officer-inCharge of the laboratory at the time. This was following the resignation of Victor Cole who had entered the course in Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney. I had been in the McMaster Laboratory since 193 1 working on the helminthoses of sheep. By 1937, when Clunies Ross left the McMaster Laboratory for the International Wool Secretariat in London, Harold and I had developed a close working association and friendship. He continued to organize and perform most of the laboratory work in my section for the next 20 years. In 1959 he resigned from CSIRO to join Parke, Davis & Co. From the earliest days of his time at the McMaster Laboratory he demonstrated his technical skilIs and abilities. The many techniques and methods developed there in those early days of the McMaster owe their origin and perfection to him. In particular, the McMaster egg-counting technique and system which he devised, and over the years advanced and improved, and the apparatus which he and his wife manufactured will comprise one of his memorials. With the expansion of research on the helminthoses of sheep, the acquisition of field stations, and extension of studies on the epidemiology of these diseases throughout the sheep-producing areas of Australia, came the need to develop new techniques to cope with the ever-increasing numbers of sheep in these trials. The original Stoll method for egg-counts soon proved
too slow for our needs. As the scientist on whom the burden of the increasing egg-counting fell, Harold began, with characteristic singleness of purpose and ingenuity, to develop a simple, expeditious and accurate method. He made the McMaster “slide” (counting chamber), progressively improving and refining the method; this was described in 1939 and the first modifications were reported in 1948. Both reports appeared in the Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia which was issued by the CSIR and recorded much of the early research in hehninthosis carried out at the McMaster Laboratory. The final modifications of the method were described in 1980 as the “Universal Method”. The McMaster egg-counting method, and its modifications, was but one of a great many techniques developed by Whitlock, and some, alas, are not yet described in the literature. After his resignation from the McMaster in 1959 his position was filled by a succession of technical assistants, all of them owing much to the standards and methods set by him. At Parke, Davis & Co. he was confronted with the problem of transforming a rather run-down farm into an efficient and effective research institution, Hawthorn Park, at Mittagong, N.S.W. The work he developed and supervised there stands as a memorial to his ability. When the enterprise at Hawthorn Park was terminated in 1968 he worked at Troy Laboratories where he demonstrated yet another of his skihs in the development and marketing of animal medicines. In 197 1 a severe heart attack put an end to these activities. Nevertheless, much to the benefit of the Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Sydney, arrangements were made whereby his outstanding skills and abilities were utilised in the Department of Veterinary Surgery. He was able to return to his original scientific discipline, i.e., parasitology, in 1973, when he joined Dr. J. D. Kelly in the Section of Veterinary Parasitology, where with his technical skills he was able to support a group of University staff concerned with a heavy teaching commitment and a wide range of research projects. He retired in 1980. During 1955-56 while still at the McMaster Laboratory, he was seconded to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for work in South America. He was concerned with the establishment of functional laboratories and the training of 571
572
HAROLDVICTORWHITLOCK
local counterparts methods and the
in diagnostic implementation
and
experimental
of survey programmes on the epidemiology of helminth diseases. He worked in Uruguay, Peru, Chile and Ecuador. In 1976-77 the University of Sydney granted him leave to accept a teaching contract with Professor Uriel Franc0 Rocha in the University of S5o Paulo, Brazil. These overseas appointments reflect the recognition of his versatility as a parasitologist and teacher. In addition to his scientific achievements, Harold was blessed with a fine voice. On many occasions he performed at Eisteddfods, and several times came close to winning. Indeed, once he came second to Joan Sutherland and was followed by June Bronhill. He and his brother Len, for many years chief technician in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the University of Sydney, together with another brother and his brother-in-law formed a quartet (“The Four Fifths”) and often performed over radio. He had great artistic abilities, not only in producing material for teaching aids and in the design of laboratories, but also in his many delightful paintings and etchings. He designed the Bancroft-Mackerras Medal which is awarded by the Australian Society for Parasitology for outstanding research. This medal was illustrated in the International Journalfor Parasitology Vol. 13, p. 523. He was an active member of Rotary International. Harold Whitlock made a significant and unique contribution to veterinary parasitology. Much of his work has been recorded in about 50 papers ranging from descriptions of techniques and research methods to investigations on anthelmintic resistance. He was a true servant of his science, a man of considerable personal charm and character, and deserving of much appreciation. He did much to establish and embellish the name of the McMaster Laboratory as a source of oustanding research in the field of veterinary parasitology. The egg-counting systems he devised, and the apparatus he and his wife, Joan, manufactured are in use by many hundreds of veterinarians and laboratories. Our sympathies go to his wife, Joan, his son John and daughter Julie, and their families. John intends to continue with the manufacture of the apparatus invented and developed by his father. HUGH McL. GORDON 4 Krui Street,
Fairlight, New South Wales, 2094, Australia.
BIBLIOGRAPHY-H.
V. WHITLOCK
GORDON H.McL. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1939. A new technique for counting nematode eggs in sheep faeces. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 12: 50-52. WHITLOCKH. V. 1941. A new apparatus for counting small
nematode eggs in faeces. Journal of the Councilfor Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 14: 306-301. WHITLOCKH. V. 1942. The preparation and examination of faecal cultures for the differentiation of larvae of sheep nematodes. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 15: 56-58. WHITLOCKH. V. 1943. Method for preventing the development of strongylid eggs in faeces during transport and storage. Journal of the Councilfor Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 16: 2 15-2 16. WHITLOCKH. V. 1948. Some modifications of the McMaster hehninth egg counting technique and apparatus. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 21: 177-l 80. WHITLOCKH. V. 1948. Method for staining small nematodes to facilitate worm counts. Journal of Ihe Councilfor Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 21: 18 l182. ” WHITLOCKH. V. 1950. A technique for counting trematode eggs in sheev faeces. JournalofHelmintholonv 24: 47-52. W&LOCK H.&V. 1951. An oesdphageal tube& drenching sheep with phenothiazine. Australian Veterinary Journal 21: 206-207. WHITLOCK H. V. 1954. Further observations on oesophageal tubes for drenching sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 30: 1OO- 104. WHITLOCKH. V. 1956. An improved method for the culture of nematode larvae in sheep faeces. Australian Veterinary Journal 32: 141-143. WHITLOCKH. V. 1957. Technique for staining and counting Syphacia obvelata in the faeces and ingesta of mice. JournalofHelminthology 31: 131-134. WHITLOCKH. V. 1959. The recovery and identification of first stage nematode larvae in sheep faeces. Australian Veterinary Journal 35: 3 1O-3 16. FARRINCTONK. J., THOMPSONB. M. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1962. The relationship between the surface area of phenothiazine and its excretion in sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 38: 53-58. PEARSON I. G., WHITLOCK H. V., FARRINGTONK. J. & GOOSH C. P. DE. 1970. Clioxanide, a new anthehuintic active against Fasciola hepatica in sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 46: 480-484. KELLY J. D., CHEVISR. A. F. & WHITLOCKH. V. 1975.The anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole against adult Fasciola hepatica and a concurrent mixed nematode infection in sheep. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 23: 81-84. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., HOGARTH-SCOTT R. S. & MEARS F. A. 1975. The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole against a mixed nematode infection in sheep. Research in Veterinary Science 19: 105-107. HOGARTH-SCOTT R. S., KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., NG B. K. Y., THOMPSON H. G., JAMESR. E. & MEARS F. A. 1976. The anthehnintic efficacy of fenbendazole against thiabendazole resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Research in Veterinary Science 21: 232-237. KELLY J. D., CAMPBELLW. C. & WHITLOCKH. V. 1976. Infectivity of Ancylostoma caninum larvae after freezing over liquid nitrogen. Australian Veterinary Journal 52: 141-143. KELLY J.D., NC B.K.Y.& WHITLOCK H.V. 1976. Helminth parasites of dogs and cats. Epidemiology, treatment and control. Australian Veterinary Practitioner 6: 71-83. WHITLOCKH. V., CHOW D. C. M. &KELLY J. D. 1976. The
HAROLDVICTORWHITLOCK laboratory maintenance of field-collected Lymnaea tomentosa for the production ofFasciola hepatica metacercariae. Veterinary Parasitology 1: 3 17-325. KELLY J. D., THOMPSON H. G., CHOW D. C. M. & WHITLOCKH. V. 1976. Arrested development of larval Ancylostoma caninum in the gastrointestinal tract. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 24: 93-94. KELLY J. D., GORDON H. McL. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1976. Anthehnintics for sheep: Historical perspectives, classification/usage, problem areas and future prospects. New South Wales Veterinary Proceedings 12: 18-3 1. KELLY J. D., KENNY D. F. & WHITLOCK-H. V. 1977. The response to phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from dogs infected with Ancylostoma car&urn. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 25: 1215. WHITLOCKH. V., CAMPBELLN. J., CHOW D. C. M., ROLFE S. J., PORTERC. J. &KELLY, J. D. 1977. A comparison of two laboratory methods for maintaining field-collected Lymnaea tomentosa for the production of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. Veterinary Parasitology 3: 7% 83. KELLY J. D., HALL C. A., WHITLOCK H. V., THOMPSON H. G.. CAMPBELL N. J. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1977. The effect of route of administration on the anthelmintic efficacy of benzimidazole anthehnintics in sheep infected with strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongytus colubriformis resistant or susceptible to thiabendazole. Research in Veterinary Science 22: 161-168. HALL C. A., KELLY J. D., CAMPBELL N. J., WHITLOCK, H. V. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1978. The dose response of several benzimidazole anthelmintics against resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis selected with thiabendazole. Research in Veterinary Science 25: 364-367. WHITLOCK H. V.. PORTER C. J. & KELLY J. D. 1978.The PKW acid phosphatase modification for the recovery and histochemical identification of microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis in blood. Australian Veterinary Practitioner 8: 201-207. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCK H. V., THOMPSONH. G., HALL C. A., MARTINI. C. A. & LE JAMBREL. F. 1978. Physiological characteristics of free living and parasitic stages of strains of Haemonchus contortus susceptible or resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics. Research in Veterinary Science25: 376-385. SANCSTERN. C., WHITLOCKH. V., KELLYJ. D., GUNAWAN M. & HALL C. A. 1979. The effect of single and divided dose administration on the efficacy of fenbendazole against adult stages of benzimidazole resistant sheep trichostrongylids. Research in Veterinary Science 26: 8589.
573
QJNAWAN M., SANGSTER N. C., KELLY J. D., GRIFFIN D. L. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1979. The efficacy of fenbendazole and albendazole against immature and adult stages of benzimidazole resistant sheep trichostrongylids. Research in Veterinary Science27: 11 l-l 15. SANGSTERN. C., WHITLOCKH. V., Russ I. G., GUNAWAN M., GRIFFIN D. L. & KELLY J. D. 1979. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: Occurrence of field strains. Research in Veterinary Science 2 7: 106-110. WHITLOCKH. V., SANGSTERH. V., GUNAWANM., PORTER C. J. &KELLY J. D. 1980. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: Isolation into pure strain and anthehnintic titration. Research in Veterinary Science29: 31-35. SANGSTERN. C., KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., GUNAWAN M. & PORTERC. J. 1980. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: Infectivity, pathogenicity and drug efficacy in two breeds of sheep. Research in Veterinary Science29 26-30. WHITLOCK H. V., KELLY J. D., PORTER C. J., GRIFFIN D. L. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1980. In vitro field screenine for anthehnintic resistance in strongvles of sheep and horses. _ Veterinary Parasitology 7: 215-732. HALL C. A., KELLY J. D.. WHITLOCK H. V.. MARTIN I. C. A., &DONNEL P. A. & GUNAWAN M. i981. Five generations of selection with benzimidazole and nonbenzimidazole anthehnintics against benzimidazole resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta. Research in Veterinary Science 30: 138142. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., GUNAWAN M., FOGLINIA., GRIFFIN D. L., PORTER C. J. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1981. Anthelmintic efficacy of low level phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes resistant to thiabendazole, morantel tartrate and levamisole: Effect on patent infections. Research in VeterinaryScience30: 161-169. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCK H. V., PORTER C. J., GRIFFIN D. L. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1981. Anthehnintic efficacy of low dose phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate: Efficacy under sequentially Veterinary administered infection. Research in Science30: 170-174. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCK H. V., WEBSTER J. H., GRIFFIN D. L. & MARTIN I. C. A. 198 1. Anthelmintic resistance of equine strongyles: I Geographical occurrence and influence of management and anthelmintic use. Australian Veterinary Journal 57: 163- 17 1.
READERSof the International Journalfor Parasitology will be saddened to learn of the death last year of H. V. Whitlock, known to parasitologists the world over for the McMaster Counting Chamber and for the technique he developed with H. McL. Gordon for counting helm&h eggs in faeces. The following communication has been received from Dr. Gordon in commemoration. The Editor was privileged to have been a close friend of Harold Whitlock and joins Dr. Gordon in extending his personal sympathy to Harold’s family. HAROLDWHITLOCKdied on 28 May 1985 at the age of 66. He was born at Hurstville, New South Wales and was educated at Hurstville High School. In 1934 he was appointed to the McMaster Laboratory of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization-CSIRO) as a Laboratory Technician to work with the late Sir Ian Clunies Ross, Officer-inCharge of the laboratory at the time. This was following the resignation of Victor Cole who had entered the course in Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney. I had been in the McMaster Laboratory since 193 1 working on the helminthoses of sheep. By 1937, when Clunies Ross left the McMaster Laboratory for the International Wool Secretariat in London, Harold and I had developed a close working association and friendship. He continued to organize and perform most of the laboratory work in my section for the next 20 years. In 1959 he resigned from CSIRO to join Parke, Davis & Co. From the earliest days of his time at the McMaster Laboratory he demonstrated his technical skilIs and abilities. The many techniques and methods developed there in those early days of the McMaster owe their origin and perfection to him. In particular, the McMaster egg-counting technique and system which he devised, and over the years advanced and improved, and the apparatus which he and his wife manufactured will comprise one of his memorials. With the expansion of research on the helminthoses of sheep, the acquisition of field stations, and extension of studies on the epidemiology of these diseases throughout the sheep-producing areas of Australia, came the need to develop new techniques to cope with the ever-increasing numbers of sheep in these trials. The original Stoll method for egg-counts soon proved
too slow for our needs. As the scientist on whom the burden of the increasing egg-counting fell, Harold began, with characteristic singleness of purpose and ingenuity, to develop a simple, expeditious and accurate method. He made the McMaster “slide” (counting chamber), progressively improving and refining the method; this was described in 1939 and the first modifications were reported in 1948. Both reports appeared in the Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia which was issued by the CSIR and recorded much of the early research in hehninthosis carried out at the McMaster Laboratory. The final modifications of the method were described in 1980 as the “Universal Method”. The McMaster egg-counting method, and its modifications, was but one of a great many techniques developed by Whitlock, and some, alas, are not yet described in the literature. After his resignation from the McMaster in 1959 his position was filled by a succession of technical assistants, all of them owing much to the standards and methods set by him. At Parke, Davis & Co. he was confronted with the problem of transforming a rather run-down farm into an efficient and effective research institution, Hawthorn Park, at Mittagong, N.S.W. The work he developed and supervised there stands as a memorial to his ability. When the enterprise at Hawthorn Park was terminated in 1968 he worked at Troy Laboratories where he demonstrated yet another of his skihs in the development and marketing of animal medicines. In 197 1 a severe heart attack put an end to these activities. Nevertheless, much to the benefit of the Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Sydney, arrangements were made whereby his outstanding skills and abilities were utilised in the Department of Veterinary Surgery. He was able to return to his original scientific discipline, i.e., parasitology, in 1973, when he joined Dr. J. D. Kelly in the Section of Veterinary Parasitology, where with his technical skills he was able to support a group of University staff concerned with a heavy teaching commitment and a wide range of research projects. He retired in 1980. During 1955-56 while still at the McMaster Laboratory, he was seconded to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for work in South America. He was concerned with the establishment of functional laboratories and the training of 571
572
HAROLDVICTORWHITLOCK
local counterparts methods and the
in diagnostic implementation
and
experimental
of survey programmes on the epidemiology of helminth diseases. He worked in Uruguay, Peru, Chile and Ecuador. In 1976-77 the University of Sydney granted him leave to accept a teaching contract with Professor Uriel Franc0 Rocha in the University of S5o Paulo, Brazil. These overseas appointments reflect the recognition of his versatility as a parasitologist and teacher. In addition to his scientific achievements, Harold was blessed with a fine voice. On many occasions he performed at Eisteddfods, and several times came close to winning. Indeed, once he came second to Joan Sutherland and was followed by June Bronhill. He and his brother Len, for many years chief technician in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the University of Sydney, together with another brother and his brother-in-law formed a quartet (“The Four Fifths”) and often performed over radio. He had great artistic abilities, not only in producing material for teaching aids and in the design of laboratories, but also in his many delightful paintings and etchings. He designed the Bancroft-Mackerras Medal which is awarded by the Australian Society for Parasitology for outstanding research. This medal was illustrated in the International Journalfor Parasitology Vol. 13, p. 523. He was an active member of Rotary International. Harold Whitlock made a significant and unique contribution to veterinary parasitology. Much of his work has been recorded in about 50 papers ranging from descriptions of techniques and research methods to investigations on anthelmintic resistance. He was a true servant of his science, a man of considerable personal charm and character, and deserving of much appreciation. He did much to establish and embellish the name of the McMaster Laboratory as a source of oustanding research in the field of veterinary parasitology. The egg-counting systems he devised, and the apparatus he and his wife, Joan, manufactured are in use by many hundreds of veterinarians and laboratories. Our sympathies go to his wife, Joan, his son John and daughter Julie, and their families. John intends to continue with the manufacture of the apparatus invented and developed by his father. HUGH McL. GORDON 4 Krui Street,
Fairlight, New South Wales, 2094, Australia.
BIBLIOGRAPHY-H.
V. WHITLOCK
GORDON H.McL. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1939. A new technique for counting nematode eggs in sheep faeces. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 12: 50-52. WHITLOCKH. V. 1941. A new apparatus for counting small
nematode eggs in faeces. Journal of the Councilfor Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 14: 306-301. WHITLOCKH. V. 1942. The preparation and examination of faecal cultures for the differentiation of larvae of sheep nematodes. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 15: 56-58. WHITLOCKH. V. 1943. Method for preventing the development of strongylid eggs in faeces during transport and storage. Journal of the Councilfor Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 16: 2 15-2 16. WHITLOCKH. V. 1948. Some modifications of the McMaster hehninth egg counting technique and apparatus. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 21: 177-l 80. WHITLOCKH. V. 1948. Method for staining small nematodes to facilitate worm counts. Journal of Ihe Councilfor Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia 21: 18 l182. ” WHITLOCKH. V. 1950. A technique for counting trematode eggs in sheev faeces. JournalofHelmintholonv 24: 47-52. W&LOCK H.&V. 1951. An oesdphageal tube& drenching sheep with phenothiazine. Australian Veterinary Journal 21: 206-207. WHITLOCK H. V. 1954. Further observations on oesophageal tubes for drenching sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 30: 1OO- 104. WHITLOCKH. V. 1956. An improved method for the culture of nematode larvae in sheep faeces. Australian Veterinary Journal 32: 141-143. WHITLOCKH. V. 1957. Technique for staining and counting Syphacia obvelata in the faeces and ingesta of mice. JournalofHelminthology 31: 131-134. WHITLOCKH. V. 1959. The recovery and identification of first stage nematode larvae in sheep faeces. Australian Veterinary Journal 35: 3 1O-3 16. FARRINCTONK. J., THOMPSONB. M. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1962. The relationship between the surface area of phenothiazine and its excretion in sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 38: 53-58. PEARSON I. G., WHITLOCK H. V., FARRINGTONK. J. & GOOSH C. P. DE. 1970. Clioxanide, a new anthehuintic active against Fasciola hepatica in sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 46: 480-484. KELLY J. D., CHEVISR. A. F. & WHITLOCKH. V. 1975.The anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole against adult Fasciola hepatica and a concurrent mixed nematode infection in sheep. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 23: 81-84. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., HOGARTH-SCOTT R. S. & MEARS F. A. 1975. The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole against a mixed nematode infection in sheep. Research in Veterinary Science 19: 105-107. HOGARTH-SCOTT R. S., KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., NG B. K. Y., THOMPSON H. G., JAMESR. E. & MEARS F. A. 1976. The anthehnintic efficacy of fenbendazole against thiabendazole resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Research in Veterinary Science 21: 232-237. KELLY J. D., CAMPBELLW. C. & WHITLOCKH. V. 1976. Infectivity of Ancylostoma caninum larvae after freezing over liquid nitrogen. Australian Veterinary Journal 52: 141-143. KELLY J.D., NC B.K.Y.& WHITLOCK H.V. 1976. Helminth parasites of dogs and cats. Epidemiology, treatment and control. Australian Veterinary Practitioner 6: 71-83. WHITLOCKH. V., CHOW D. C. M. &KELLY J. D. 1976. The
HAROLDVICTORWHITLOCK laboratory maintenance of field-collected Lymnaea tomentosa for the production ofFasciola hepatica metacercariae. Veterinary Parasitology 1: 3 17-325. KELLY J. D., THOMPSON H. G., CHOW D. C. M. & WHITLOCKH. V. 1976. Arrested development of larval Ancylostoma caninum in the gastrointestinal tract. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 24: 93-94. KELLY J. D., GORDON H. McL. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1976. Anthehnintics for sheep: Historical perspectives, classification/usage, problem areas and future prospects. New South Wales Veterinary Proceedings 12: 18-3 1. KELLY J. D., KENNY D. F. & WHITLOCK-H. V. 1977. The response to phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from dogs infected with Ancylostoma car&urn. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 25: 1215. WHITLOCKH. V., CAMPBELLN. J., CHOW D. C. M., ROLFE S. J., PORTERC. J. &KELLY, J. D. 1977. A comparison of two laboratory methods for maintaining field-collected Lymnaea tomentosa for the production of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. Veterinary Parasitology 3: 7% 83. KELLY J. D., HALL C. A., WHITLOCK H. V., THOMPSON H. G.. CAMPBELL N. J. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1977. The effect of route of administration on the anthelmintic efficacy of benzimidazole anthehnintics in sheep infected with strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongytus colubriformis resistant or susceptible to thiabendazole. Research in Veterinary Science 22: 161-168. HALL C. A., KELLY J. D., CAMPBELL N. J., WHITLOCK, H. V. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1978. The dose response of several benzimidazole anthelmintics against resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis selected with thiabendazole. Research in Veterinary Science 25: 364-367. WHITLOCK H. V.. PORTER C. J. & KELLY J. D. 1978.The PKW acid phosphatase modification for the recovery and histochemical identification of microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis in blood. Australian Veterinary Practitioner 8: 201-207. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCK H. V., THOMPSONH. G., HALL C. A., MARTINI. C. A. & LE JAMBREL. F. 1978. Physiological characteristics of free living and parasitic stages of strains of Haemonchus contortus susceptible or resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics. Research in Veterinary Science25: 376-385. SANCSTERN. C., WHITLOCKH. V., KELLYJ. D., GUNAWAN M. & HALL C. A. 1979. The effect of single and divided dose administration on the efficacy of fenbendazole against adult stages of benzimidazole resistant sheep trichostrongylids. Research in Veterinary Science 26: 8589.
573
QJNAWAN M., SANGSTER N. C., KELLY J. D., GRIFFIN D. L. & WHITLOCK H. V. 1979. The efficacy of fenbendazole and albendazole against immature and adult stages of benzimidazole resistant sheep trichostrongylids. Research in Veterinary Science27: 11 l-l 15. SANGSTERN. C., WHITLOCKH. V., Russ I. G., GUNAWAN M., GRIFFIN D. L. & KELLY J. D. 1979. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: Occurrence of field strains. Research in Veterinary Science 2 7: 106-110. WHITLOCKH. V., SANGSTERH. V., GUNAWANM., PORTER C. J. &KELLY J. D. 1980. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: Isolation into pure strain and anthehnintic titration. Research in Veterinary Science29: 31-35. SANGSTERN. C., KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., GUNAWAN M. & PORTERC. J. 1980. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: Infectivity, pathogenicity and drug efficacy in two breeds of sheep. Research in Veterinary Science29 26-30. WHITLOCK H. V., KELLY J. D., PORTER C. J., GRIFFIN D. L. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1980. In vitro field screenine for anthehnintic resistance in strongvles of sheep and horses. _ Veterinary Parasitology 7: 215-732. HALL C. A., KELLY J. D.. WHITLOCK H. V.. MARTIN I. C. A., &DONNEL P. A. & GUNAWAN M. i981. Five generations of selection with benzimidazole and nonbenzimidazole anthehnintics against benzimidazole resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta. Research in Veterinary Science 30: 138142. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCKH. V., GUNAWAN M., FOGLINIA., GRIFFIN D. L., PORTER C. J. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1981. Anthelmintic efficacy of low level phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes resistant to thiabendazole, morantel tartrate and levamisole: Effect on patent infections. Research in VeterinaryScience30: 161-169. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCK H. V., PORTER C. J., GRIFFIN D. L. & MARTIN I. C. A. 1981. Anthehnintic efficacy of low dose phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate: Efficacy under sequentially Veterinary administered infection. Research in Science30: 170-174. KELLY J. D., WHITLOCK H. V., WEBSTER J. H., GRIFFIN D. L. & MARTIN I. C. A. 198 1. Anthelmintic resistance of equine strongyles: I Geographical occurrence and influence of management and anthelmintic use. Australian Veterinary Journal 57: 163- 17 1.