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Object-oriented expert system architectures for manufacturing quality management
Journal oLMan.ufacturing Systems Volume t ~ N o . t
Cumulative Abstract Index
part of the grinding .rew~u'.c.h, aa in-depth vestigation an intelligent decision.making • p module l i Ascwasthat aacarried twould i ooutextract nto develop . the meaning from .the po.wer and feed plots, and relate to the grinfling p r ~ . s. The mvestilgation has led to the development ot a sensor-oasea information module. The investigation approach used is detailed. The structure of the module developed is discussed. Actual industrial cases ar~ given.
Koavords: Grinding, Sensors, Intellisent Decision Making, Optimization
Modeling of AuWmawxlStorage/Retrieml Systems Using Pari Nets, G. Knapp, H. Wang, pp. 20-29
This research investigates the feasibility of using the stochastic potri net technique to model AS/RSs. A pearl net is a graphicsbased tool for modelln~ manufacturing systems, computer systems, biological systems, etc. It can be used to model a system at different levels of abstraction. A potri net graph of an AS/RSs leads to the generation of a teachability table. The table is converted to a state table representation of a Markov process model of the AS/RS. The efficiency, control rules, bay assignment, and many other performance issues can then be studied using the petri net model. Petri nets are alternative tools for the analysis of AS/RSs. A discussion on petri nets, analytical approaches, and simulation is provided. The features and fle~b~lifip of petri nets are presented_. Important characteristics ot A~nt~s such as concurrency, conflict, and deadlocking can be described and modeled using petri nets. Possible extans/ons to this study are also discussed. Keywords: Morkov Chains, Models, Computer Systems, Stochastic Processes
The use of expert systems in manufacturi~_ is increasing. The. majority of these systems ate designed to perform process control or di.a|~noseprocess malfunction. Though quality control is not an explicit development goal, a number of manufacturers have realized quality improvements from the use of expert systems. Instead of accepting quality improvements as a windfall from the development of intelligent systems, manufacturers could benefit from expert systems designed to support quality management activities. General object-based architectures for expert systems developed from the principles of two proven qmdi~ management methods-quality function deployment and quality planning-are proposed. _ _ Keyworda: Qeali'ty.ControL Expert Systems, Quality Function Deploymeat, Quattty Planning, Knowledge-Based Systems
1992~ Vol. ll/No.
2
Computer-Aided Process Planningfor Parallel Machines, J. Levin, D. Dutta, pp. 79-92
In this research, the domain of computer-aided process planning is extended to include a new powerful class of machine tools. A feature characterizing these tools is the ability to perform machining in parallel. Multiple tools can simultaneously nutchine a single workpiece. Multiple workpieces can be n ~ . hined simultaneously. Such machines can finish a part in a single setup resulting in shorter cycle times. These machines also p.rovide higher machinin~ accuracy by reducing the potential for tolerance buildup. A conc~'pt for parallel machines that can include machines more powerful and capable than those in use today is introduced. Next, the effects of parallelism on computer-aided process planning by identifying end examining new issues .arising m the parallel machining domain is studied. A framewom tor a computer-aided process planning system in which these issues are incorporated is also proposed and discussed. Keywords: Process Planning, Parallel Machining, CAD/CAM Interface
Automatic Setup Planningand FixtureDesignfor Machining, H. Saimrsi, pp. 30-37 Setup planning and fixture design is a missing link in automating process planning for machining. Requirementsfor setup .andf nttur~"g were studied. Algorithmic and heuristic metl~Is were usveloped to synthesize and analyze setup plan and fixture configurations. Setup planning and fixture design was structured into a setup planning and fixture design plan. The plan was implemented as a system that automatically plans the setup sequence and designs fixture conti~ratioas from the toleranced solid model of the finished component. This paper describes the result of the study. /~)words: Computsf-Aided~ s planning, Machining, Ftxtering, Setup
A Framewodcfor Knowledge Representation and Interpretation oflnduswial Objects, S. Vaidyanathan, S. Ramam pp. 93-101.
The Economic Justificationof the SequentialAdoption of a New M~..acmr/n& ~s~n, G. Prueitt, C. Park, ~ 38-49 s paper discusses ways to achieve uIM in progressive s t ~ s beginning with a simple configuration and working up to a nm configuration. Partialbenefits of CIM are reaped with each stage. At minimum risk, successive steps are clearly justified in terms of the firm's objectives. A decision tool that uses pQst-audit information has been developed to resolve the uncertainty about the expocted net present value of a technicai]y innovative process. The method was apl~lied to an actual CIM project to document the economic justificat/oo steps. Keywords: Capital Bud~.eting, En.'gn~fin. "~ Economy, Bayesian Revision,Dirichlet-Multmonual t..tstnouuon, uonnnuous-mDiscrete Approximation
Any computer vision system employed for global part .qua.~ control and inspection should identify and interpret inaustriai parts on the ~sembly line. A framewo.~ fori.m.o.wledg.e~l?re~nration to aid the interpretation ot a cross ot moustrial oojects is proposed. The input to the system is a frame of disconnected components and the output is the interpretation of the various parts that are in the frame. The interpretation of the object begins with the specification of the image domain. All the components in the frame ate identified as primitives---regions or chains. Then the closure relations invulvinS the chains and regions are established for the image domain. This stage is f_o.llowedby the mapping of the image domain to a scene domain. Finally, the parts in the frame are identified with the help of the algorithm developed based on the KK3 classification and coding technique. This methodology will find applications in automatic assembly and inspection of industrial parts. Keywords: Knowledge R..q~ae.n.~i.".on, Object Identification, Automated Inspection, Machine Vmon
Object-Oriented Expert System Architecturesfor Manufacturing Quality Management, S. Bird, pp. 50-60
The Development of a Feature-BasedFixture Process Planning Systemfor FlexibleAssembly, F. Liou, D. Suen, pp. 102-13
82
Cumulative Abstract Index
part of the grinding .rew~u'.c.h, aa in-depth vestigation an intelligent decision.making • p module l i Ascwasthat aacarried twould i ooutextract nto develop . the meaning from .the po.wer and feed plots, and relate to the grinfling p r ~ . s. The mvestilgation has led to the development ot a sensor-oasea information module. The investigation approach used is detailed. The structure of the module developed is discussed. Actual industrial cases ar~ given.
Koavords: Grinding, Sensors, Intellisent Decision Making, Optimization
Modeling of AuWmawxlStorage/Retrieml Systems Using Pari Nets, G. Knapp, H. Wang, pp. 20-29
This research investigates the feasibility of using the stochastic potri net technique to model AS/RSs. A pearl net is a graphicsbased tool for modelln~ manufacturing systems, computer systems, biological systems, etc. It can be used to model a system at different levels of abstraction. A potri net graph of an AS/RSs leads to the generation of a teachability table. The table is converted to a state table representation of a Markov process model of the AS/RS. The efficiency, control rules, bay assignment, and many other performance issues can then be studied using the petri net model. Petri nets are alternative tools for the analysis of AS/RSs. A discussion on petri nets, analytical approaches, and simulation is provided. The features and fle~b~lifip of petri nets are presented_. Important characteristics ot A~nt~s such as concurrency, conflict, and deadlocking can be described and modeled using petri nets. Possible extans/ons to this study are also discussed. Keywords: Morkov Chains, Models, Computer Systems, Stochastic Processes
The use of expert systems in manufacturi~_ is increasing. The. majority of these systems ate designed to perform process control or di.a|~noseprocess malfunction. Though quality control is not an explicit development goal, a number of manufacturers have realized quality improvements from the use of expert systems. Instead of accepting quality improvements as a windfall from the development of intelligent systems, manufacturers could benefit from expert systems designed to support quality management activities. General object-based architectures for expert systems developed from the principles of two proven qmdi~ management methods-quality function deployment and quality planning-are proposed. _ _ Keyworda: Qeali'ty.ControL Expert Systems, Quality Function Deploymeat, Quattty Planning, Knowledge-Based Systems
1992~ Vol. ll/No.
2
Computer-Aided Process Planningfor Parallel Machines, J. Levin, D. Dutta, pp. 79-92
In this research, the domain of computer-aided process planning is extended to include a new powerful class of machine tools. A feature characterizing these tools is the ability to perform machining in parallel. Multiple tools can simultaneously nutchine a single workpiece. Multiple workpieces can be n ~ . hined simultaneously. Such machines can finish a part in a single setup resulting in shorter cycle times. These machines also p.rovide higher machinin~ accuracy by reducing the potential for tolerance buildup. A conc~'pt for parallel machines that can include machines more powerful and capable than those in use today is introduced. Next, the effects of parallelism on computer-aided process planning by identifying end examining new issues .arising m the parallel machining domain is studied. A framewom tor a computer-aided process planning system in which these issues are incorporated is also proposed and discussed. Keywords: Process Planning, Parallel Machining, CAD/CAM Interface
Automatic Setup Planningand FixtureDesignfor Machining, H. Saimrsi, pp. 30-37 Setup planning and fixture design is a missing link in automating process planning for machining. Requirementsfor setup .andf nttur~"g were studied. Algorithmic and heuristic metl~Is were usveloped to synthesize and analyze setup plan and fixture configurations. Setup planning and fixture design was structured into a setup planning and fixture design plan. The plan was implemented as a system that automatically plans the setup sequence and designs fixture conti~ratioas from the toleranced solid model of the finished component. This paper describes the result of the study. /~)words: Computsf-Aided~ s planning, Machining, Ftxtering, Setup
A Framewodcfor Knowledge Representation and Interpretation oflnduswial Objects, S. Vaidyanathan, S. Ramam pp. 93-101.
The Economic Justificationof the SequentialAdoption of a New M~..acmr/n& ~s~n, G. Prueitt, C. Park, ~ 38-49 s paper discusses ways to achieve uIM in progressive s t ~ s beginning with a simple configuration and working up to a nm configuration. Partialbenefits of CIM are reaped with each stage. At minimum risk, successive steps are clearly justified in terms of the firm's objectives. A decision tool that uses pQst-audit information has been developed to resolve the uncertainty about the expocted net present value of a technicai]y innovative process. The method was apl~lied to an actual CIM project to document the economic justificat/oo steps. Keywords: Capital Bud~.eting, En.'gn~fin. "~ Economy, Bayesian Revision,Dirichlet-Multmonual t..tstnouuon, uonnnuous-mDiscrete Approximation
Any computer vision system employed for global part .qua.~ control and inspection should identify and interpret inaustriai parts on the ~sembly line. A framewo.~ fori.m.o.wledg.e~l?re~nration to aid the interpretation ot a cross ot moustrial oojects is proposed. The input to the system is a frame of disconnected components and the output is the interpretation of the various parts that are in the frame. The interpretation of the object begins with the specification of the image domain. All the components in the frame ate identified as primitives---regions or chains. Then the closure relations invulvinS the chains and regions are established for the image domain. This stage is f_o.llowedby the mapping of the image domain to a scene domain. Finally, the parts in the frame are identified with the help of the algorithm developed based on the KK3 classification and coding technique. This methodology will find applications in automatic assembly and inspection of industrial parts. Keywords: Knowledge R..q~ae.n.~i.".on, Object Identification, Automated Inspection, Machine Vmon
Object-Oriented Expert System Architecturesfor Manufacturing Quality Management, S. Bird, pp. 50-60
The Development of a Feature-BasedFixture Process Planning Systemfor FlexibleAssembly, F. Liou, D. Suen, pp. 102-13
82