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Objective methods to determine the speed of blood flow and their results (fluorescein and acetylene)
SELECTED
K., and Boyd, L. J.: Objective Flow and Their Results (Fluorescein 1943.
Lange,
ABSTRACTS
281
Methods to Determine the Speed of Blood and Acetylene). Am. J. M. SC. 206: 438.
The appearance of fluorescein in the lips under a special long-wave ultraviolet light can be used to determine the circulation time, but certain conditions must be observed in order to obtain reliable results. In 212 normal adults, the values for the fluorescein circulation time ranged between 15 and 20 seconds, and the majority between 15 to 17.5 seconds. The average of the circulation time is longer in older patients. Work accelerates the circulation time considerably and may make it two ant1 :I half times faster than normal. Fever shortens circulation time (six cases). The fluorescein method can be used to deterunne the velocity to difl’erent points of the body. The average time to conjunctiva, lips, rectum, and foot, is 10, 15, 18, and 23 seconds, respec.tively. The conjunctiva is not an appr0priat.e place to test the circulation time. In congestive right heart failure, 92 per cent of the cases (123 patients) she\\ cases of heart disease have normal :t prolonged circulation time. u;hile compensated circulation times. Pure bronchial asthma, having a normal or slightly shortened circulation time, can be differentiated by the fluorescein circulation time from cardiac asthma, which has a prolonged circulation time. Hyperthyroidism is associated with shortened circulation time values, which seems to provide an earlier indication of the clinical situation than the basal metabolic rate. Patients with hypothyroidism have prolonged circulation times. Anemia considerably shortens the circulation time when the red blood cell count goes below 3,500,OOO. Inhalations of acetylene can be used to determine the time which elapses until all blood in rapid circulation has passed the lungs at least once (“slowest cireulation time”). (a) Twenty-four normals had slowest circulation times of 2% to 3l% minutes. (b) Ten cases of thyrotoxicosis showed slowest circulation times of 1% to 9 minutes, and patients in cardiac failure had slowest circulation times of Up to (c) Work shortens the slowest circulation time as much as two and six minutes. (d) The comparative values found with the fluorescein a half times the normal. method for the fastest, and the acet-jiene method for the slowest, circulation time show the same relation. AUTHORS.
Zimmerman, S. L.: Carotid Sinus Syndrome: A Report of Three Additional Cases From the Cardiological Service, U. S. V. A. Facility, Columbia, South Carolina. J. Lab.
& Clin.
Med.
28:
1548,
1943.
Three cases of carotid sinus syndrome, two of the vagal type and one of the depressor type, are reported. In all, medical treatment afforded some relief. One of the patients with the depressor type had an associated low basal metabolic rate. His response to medication was not reliable, possibly in view of his failure to diligently take the ephedrine. The results with the vagal type cases lmre been more encouraging. In all three of these reported caess, the presence of the syndrome was easily established. In two, the history revealed the precipitating factor to be an abnormal or suddn movement of the head or neck. In the third, the patient learned that he could avoid such an attack by holding his head still, bet.ween his hands.
K., and Boyd, L. J.: Objective Flow and Their Results (Fluorescein 1943.
Lange,
ABSTRACTS
281
Methods to Determine the Speed of Blood and Acetylene). Am. J. M. SC. 206: 438.
The appearance of fluorescein in the lips under a special long-wave ultraviolet light can be used to determine the circulation time, but certain conditions must be observed in order to obtain reliable results. In 212 normal adults, the values for the fluorescein circulation time ranged between 15 and 20 seconds, and the majority between 15 to 17.5 seconds. The average of the circulation time is longer in older patients. Work accelerates the circulation time considerably and may make it two ant1 :I half times faster than normal. Fever shortens circulation time (six cases). The fluorescein method can be used to deterunne the velocity to difl’erent points of the body. The average time to conjunctiva, lips, rectum, and foot, is 10, 15, 18, and 23 seconds, respec.tively. The conjunctiva is not an appr0priat.e place to test the circulation time. In congestive right heart failure, 92 per cent of the cases (123 patients) she\\ cases of heart disease have normal :t prolonged circulation time. u;hile compensated circulation times. Pure bronchial asthma, having a normal or slightly shortened circulation time, can be differentiated by the fluorescein circulation time from cardiac asthma, which has a prolonged circulation time. Hyperthyroidism is associated with shortened circulation time values, which seems to provide an earlier indication of the clinical situation than the basal metabolic rate. Patients with hypothyroidism have prolonged circulation times. Anemia considerably shortens the circulation time when the red blood cell count goes below 3,500,OOO. Inhalations of acetylene can be used to determine the time which elapses until all blood in rapid circulation has passed the lungs at least once (“slowest cireulation time”). (a) Twenty-four normals had slowest circulation times of 2% to 3l% minutes. (b) Ten cases of thyrotoxicosis showed slowest circulation times of 1% to 9 minutes, and patients in cardiac failure had slowest circulation times of Up to (c) Work shortens the slowest circulation time as much as two and six minutes. (d) The comparative values found with the fluorescein a half times the normal. method for the fastest, and the acet-jiene method for the slowest, circulation time show the same relation. AUTHORS.
Zimmerman, S. L.: Carotid Sinus Syndrome: A Report of Three Additional Cases From the Cardiological Service, U. S. V. A. Facility, Columbia, South Carolina. J. Lab.
& Clin.
Med.
28:
1548,
1943.
Three cases of carotid sinus syndrome, two of the vagal type and one of the depressor type, are reported. In all, medical treatment afforded some relief. One of the patients with the depressor type had an associated low basal metabolic rate. His response to medication was not reliable, possibly in view of his failure to diligently take the ephedrine. The results with the vagal type cases lmre been more encouraging. In all three of these reported caess, the presence of the syndrome was easily established. In two, the history revealed the precipitating factor to be an abnormal or suddn movement of the head or neck. In the third, the patient learned that he could avoid such an attack by holding his head still, bet.ween his hands.