Oil recovery

in gaseous

products,

ethane

or below.

fraction

obtained

stripper

section

fraction

with

a boiling

point

The hydrocarbon-rich

of

in the first step is supplied from

comprising

which

propene

that have a boiling

point

to a

is obtained

a

than ethane.

Patent number: WO OOf75263 Inventors: R.E. Geus, J.W. Harris, Publication date: 14 December

and

the group use

bentonites in

and

special

mixture

to 30:70.

invention

The of

membranes

from

or tectosilicates.

The

zeolites

also

Filter cartridge

(PEFCs) (DMFCs)

This invention comprising

concerns

a sealed

water intake,

membrane

in succession. that

a water-filter

housing,

and

the

barrier

The invention

a granular

and water outlet is characterised

filter additive,

deposited

on the membrane

housing

between

the

membrane

barrier.

threshold

less than

capable barrier,

water

The

a in

of being

is set in the

intake

latter

and

the

uses

diffusion

dialysis,

ultrafiltration, fouling

in catalytic

or

in microfiltration due

anti-

membranes

Proton-conducting

Publication he:

2000

resistance

2000

composite membrane

14 December

speed

Geesthacht, Germany

pressure

comprises

a composite

a porous

and a selective

separation

layer,

is

which

membrane, alcohol,

on

membrane

speed

the

with enhanced

alcohol

is

The

especially

with

composite

suited

solvents,

in that the polyvinyl

cross-linked

cyclodextrin.

for

polyvinyl a

dehydrating

is

organic

and is stable with regard to temperature

so that it can be used for vapour

permeation

pervaporation.

the

membrane

In

addition,

can be welded,

which

a way that

and

composite

allows it to be

preferred

it forms

controllers input

power

a flow or pressure

input

pipe. trying

Composite

observed

and/or

flow rates

also reduce

or prevent

formation

of damage

hydraulic

pressure

flexibility

to provide

to the membrane

pulses.

Finally,

pressure

the filtration

pulses

have

from

the membrane

and

an

of this invention

inorganic,

phyllosilicate. exchange

isomer both

be a cation-

or a blend

exchange

and

whereby

the mixture

polymer;

anion-exchange on

consisting anion-exchange

the

and

polymer

of the

cation-

polymers,

ratio can range from

100%

of the first to 100% of the second. The blend can

Membrane TechnologyNo. 133

of or coated

the organic membrane.

application

for

these

methanol

and

electrical

energy.

oxygen

are

Inventors:

H.R

Allcock,

M.A. Hofmann,

S.N. Lvov, X.Y. Zhou 2000

to

the

USA A cyclic

cycles. dislodge

recovery

(or

‘huff

process

uses purified

improving

resulting

Oil recovery

The purified

in an

near

and

puff’)

is the subject

nitrogen nitrogen

enhanced

gas as the injection gas is preferably

the

2000

remaining

primarily

resulting gas

and the gas mixture well to the formation.

This

formation

(MF) method of particles micro-porous

microfiltration

calls for contacting in an aqueous membrane

0.01-10

a suspension

suspension

structure

of size effective for rejecting of about

and

particles

with

mixture

a

in the range of the

more.

generated

allowing

is injected

Then

gas with being

well is ‘shut in’, down through

the

The well is then ‘shut in’

the gas mixture

for a predetermined

and additional

nitrogen nitrogen fraction

to soak into the period

7 days, and in some cases as much

that has pores

pm. At least a portion

again,

purified

oxygen. The producing

UF and MF of aqueous suspensions Applicant: Compact Membrane Systems, USA (UF)

It gas.

the well site by the use of a membrane The

T. Hellenkamp

oil-

of this patent.

at least 90% by volume

ultrafiltration

into

Patent number: WO 00177874

comprises

14 December

polymeric

converted

separator.

Lawrence,

to

is in fuel cells, such as those in which

in system productivity.

Publication he:

with

solvent,

A particularly

Patent number: WO 00174826 Znventonr: DE

solution; a casting

Applicant: Nitrogen Oil Recovery Systems,

functionalised can

groupings

or a

of an ionomer

an anion-exchange

containing

cation-exchange chain;

optionally

The

polymer;

a polymer

is a composite

consisting

it offers

while

increase

the

and flow pulses

found

oxy-acid;

on

Publication hte: 21 December

from

and back-wash

been

preferably

to the

solution

an

cycle to a

cycle, and vice versa. This reduces

Vedahremtechnik, Universitiit Stuttgart, Germany membrane

can

of pressure

from a filtration

the net flux across the membrane,

composite

method

valves. The system

Applicant: Institut f%r Chemische

The subject

on a liquid

solution,

as one formed

the polymeric

adding optionally

the polymer

removing

membranes

patterns

pressure

such and

useful

solution;

equivalent

polymer

surface,

to a

received

the

a polymer,

in an organic

solution;

concentrating

Teflon; form

dampening

spokes when switching

foulants

signal

optionally

the

control

to adjust

throughout

membranes

in response

meter located

regulating

These

The

pump-speed

by adjusting

likelihood

2000

This

avoids the cyclical when

back-wash

Publication date: 14 December

frequency

from a flow or pressure

motor.

a polymer

In a

polymeric

by dissolving

water to the polymer

casting

the flow rate

by modulating

from

to one another. 0. Stange,

operate

the

the

to the polymer ratio

improved

are provided,

for their manufacture.

are formed

to form

oxy-acid adding

with

cross-over

a polyphosphazene,

in a molar

(AC) delivered

which changes

signal

Patent number: WO 00174828 A.Wenzlaff

changing

current

pump

welded

are

by

the speed of the pump

in such

D. Fritsch,

pocket

of alternating

solvent

and

The pump-

motors,

in which

pockets

operate

rate

cycle and the

to the pump

modules

Inventors: K. Ebert,

membranes

embodiment,

preferably

uses pump-

flow

by changing

produced

the individual

control

both the filtration

controllers

speed

reactive

membrane

system which

to

cycle has been developed.

frequency

composite

is based on a cross-linked

and is characterised

during

backwash

layer. The separation

filtration

controllers

membrane

supporting

placed

polymer

to methanol

membranes

A membrane

Applicant: GK!3%Forschungszentrum

which

Proton-conducting membranes USA

Applicant: Zenon Environmental, Canada

covers

2000

along with methods

14 December

invention

Cragg

A. Ullrich

Patent number: WO 00175076

This

GA.

Applicant: Penn State Research Foundation,

reactors.

filtration

of

waste.

Publication date: 14 December

Inventors: J. Kerres, ‘L Htiing,

Membrane net flux

such as the filtering

grey-water

Patent number: WO 00174825

size of the

Inventor: I? Rouyer

Hydrophilic

applications

is useful

UF and MF

and

to their

and as catalytic

fouling-prone

Inventors: S.M. Nemser,

pervaporation

has

flow in excess of 100 l/m2h

shipboard-generated

such as dialysis,

method

and can produce

150 h. The new method

Patent number: WO 00174827

grains of the filter additive.

Publication he:

to fouling

membrane

electro-membrane

membrane

resistance

fuel cells

particularly

properties;

filtration

superior

methanol

methods

and

as fluorine-substituted

The

filtrate

can

substrate

such

continuous

100°C.

energy

a micro-porous

polymer.

in many traditionally

than

the

dioxole

fuel cells

gas separation,

and. perstraction,

a substance

with

Low surface

by coating

electrolyte greater

include

separation

with

contact

energy less than that of

polytetrafluoroethylene.

for more than

in membrane

in

has a surface

a cutting

has

the minimum

at temperatures

membrane

to the

composites/composite

as proton-conductors for Hz and direct

Other

cartridge, including

The

relates

structure,

suspension, be achieved

is generally

ratio ranges from 99: 1

fuel cells, such as polymer Applicant: Seb SA, France

membrane

cross-linked.

can be selected

montomorillonite.

isomer:bentonite application

J.J.B. Pek

2000

even covalently

constituents

of phyllosilicates

of

preferred

and hydrocarbons

higher

be ionically The inorganic

liquid

the well is placed hydrocarbons

the same well into which

of at least

as 180 days or ‘on production’

are produced the nitrogen

from gas was

injected.

0

Patent number: WO 00177340

(where

Inventor: B.J. Miller

membrane,

Publication date: 21 December

Me = CH,,

development

2000

composite

of efficient

of energy water

Elektronik,

addition

Universitit

The invention which

and ceramic

of organic

phyllosilicates

and

water

concentration

(I-100

hydroxyl)

particles

allows of

membrane

that is necessary

up to an operating composite heterogeneous

are

formed

powder.

transport

of of

polymer/ceramic modified have

different

polymer equilibrium proton can

be used,

mixtures

if

Composite polyamide A composite

polyamide

surface

to which

than

If

groups

preferably

is that

at

the

establishment

example

of

strength

for

of the

This effect

the MeOH

passage

it are

improved

of anionic membrane

was studied

for drinking-water

This hybrid

process

exchange

transport

nitrogen.

combines

continuous dialysis)

bio-reduction

A non-porous

in

(IEMB)

to gaseous

mono-anion

perm-

selective

membrane

between

the polluted

culture,

and prevents

secondary

treated

water

dissolved

nutrients

Complete

denitrification

metabolic

with

products.

may be achieved and NO,study

water

without

direct

contact

and the denitrifying pollution

accumulation

of the

focused

of NO,The

on the effect of the concentration counter-ions

IEMB

performance.

transfer

coefficient

The

and

ethanol

nitrate

in this hybrid

this

patent.

may

or

and

both.

The

and the

contain

pendant

acid groups. D.A. Ylitalo

Publication date: 28 December

2000

Gas-diffusion electrode

and

It

Applicant: Johnson

Matthey Plc, UK

An

conducting

electrically

substrate,

which

between

oxidisable

impurities

gas-diffusion

capable

structure

polyalkylene

component,

oxide provides

supported

offering

support.

while

performance. use

of

The

of

which

an electrically

comprises

The patent

scale-up,

each

conducting

of

an electrode, and

comprises

gas-difision

catalyst

non-conducting

assembly

which

a catalytic a

also describes

membrane-electrode

gas stream,

and

on an electrically

chemical

removing

from an impure It comprises

the

Inventors: SC.

00176641

G. Hoogers,

the

a

a fuel cell, electrically

substrate.

denitrification.

the ratio

the bio-compartment compartment,

the

of each individual

regulated,

allowing

and control.

containing

135-350

rate of 33 g NOs-/m2 obtained

N03-/m3.day, efficiency

the optimisation

anion

flux can be

A surface

denitrification of 360

in a nitrate

Rodrigues,

g

M.A.

Reis, J.G. 71(4)

(2000).

L.

Cat;lyst paper

models

-

membranes electrolytes

concerned

prepared of cationic on a porous

resulting

with on and

composite

solved separating

layer-by-layer anionic

substructure.

A.

Symposia

Toutianoush:

163( 1)

97-l

12

layer models for PEM fuel

poly-

The use of

membranes

for

presents

two simple

model

@‘EM)

polymer

fuel

gas as the feedstock. analytically,

whereas

numerically.

The emphasis factors affecting

the fuel cell using

a simple

going into detailed

catalyst

Chan,

W.A. Tun:

Technology 24( 1) 5 l-57

layer

model,

and

for the proton-exchange

parameterise

S.H.

catalyst

the macro-homogeneous

the agglomerate membrane

Tailor-made membranes for alcohol/water pervaporation is

Krasemann,

2001).

hydrogen

work

with excellent

removal

Biotechnology & Bioengineering

245-254

to be produced

and

conditions

per day was

rate

This

C.M.

of monovalent

It is demonstrated

capability.

Tieke,

(January

of 85%.

S. Velizarov, Crespo:

B.

pervaporation

of the preparation

Macromolecular

was treated

under

choice of the poly-electrolytes

allows membranes separation

groundwater

of membrane

resulting

process

2000

ions is described.

that a suitable

for flexible

loading

separation

and divalent

and

G.A. Hards,

and for the separation

and the polluted

Synthetic

at a nitrate

conditions,

of co-ions

28 December

alcohol/water

magnitude

mg N03-/litre

system.

Ball, S.J. Cooper,

D. Thompsett

Publication he:

2000

than that in a pure

by adjusting

operation

the

is

here.

dialysis process without

Furthermore,

The

substrate

porous

to commercial

to be 2.8 times higher

Donnan

adsorption

was

one

is described

Publication hte: 21 December

mass-

process

polymer

Patent number: WO 00179628

on the

overall

polymer

the

polymer,

conducting

membrane

require

used to

and

ions in the bio-compartment.

of co-ions,

w

precludes

ion-

of nitrate

an ionomeric

and a cross-linked

to fouling

Patent number: WO

in the IEMB

denitrification.

(Donnan

and its simultaneous

removal

bio-reactor

not

USA

initiators.

direction

pollutant

of

The

is easily adapted

does

easily an ion-exchange

of making

is also described.

film-forming

cross-linking

of

Patent number: WO 00179629

2000

flux and salt passage

method

water

denitrification

coalescing

been film-

used may be fluoro-polymers,

sulfonic

with modified

subject

resistance

excellent and

the

are grafted.

found

ResearchTrends

optionally ionomeric

Inventor: W.E. Mickols

alcohol/water

A method membrane

polymers

and processing

and the method

and at

is influenced.

The mechanism

membrane

at low pressure

layer

polymer. electrolyte

involves

has

mixture

a structural

forming

Znventorr: S. Hamrock,

membrane surface

support

groups

and

polymer

a structural

further

membrane of an ‘intimate’

polymer

and

in a water-

and

Inventors: J. Kerres, N. Nicoloso

a porous

boundary

electrolyte composed

This

membrane.

make

the

polymer

developed,

catalysed from

membranes

Applicant: 3M Innovative Properties Co, USA A

increased

WO OOl77080

comprises

as a fuel, to reduce

Drinking-water

invention

of producing

(high

the local

for

The

atmosphere.

in

working

out

allow

of boundary

carriers

elevated

to

are carried

Polymer electrolyte then- production

an ionomeric

which

ranges

Applicant: Dow Cheniical Company,

interfaces,

and thus the binding

charge

pressure

quantity

polarities,

skeleton,

the

micro-

100°C.

in

at

which

relates to a method Patent number

out

at a pressure or that

vapour

required or

chemically

carried

particles),

particle

by means

atmospheric

in which

or

current

Publication date: 21 December

the polymer

These high

more

the

temperatures,

fuel

The

by

in

nano-scale

of the protons

temperatures

of 300°C.

between

in a sufficiently share

in the

for the conductivity

formed

mixture

the ceramic

and

concentration

produced or

are

methanol

to its use in fuel

technology,

electric

such a composite

mechanical

is characterised

which

(for

material

temperature

material

interfaces

high

is

to

pressures,

surface

groups

composite

of the proton

with

high

The use of such

sufficiently

stabilisation

phase

a

and water.

the

except

tectosilicates,

and/or

in acidic/alkaline

example

and

nm),

process

vapour

reactions

polymers

direct

for the

can also be used in the field

electrochemically

membrane

functional

nano-particles

intercalating

stability

Germany

relates to a composite

consists

for

Stuttgart,

and

across the

important

In addition

cells, the membrane

Applicant: Institut &r Physikalische

or C,H,7)

is especially

cells (DMFCs).

Ceramic/polymer membrane

C,H5

which

cell

The

the latter

using

former

is

is solved

of this research

is to

the performance approach,

of

without

layer modelling.

Chemical

Engineering

(January

2001).

&

Membrane Technology No. 133