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On deadly violence
574
CURRENT
PUBLICATIONS
proaches to child care, supervision and training at the homes and institutions, young offenders’ institutions, the handicapped, birth status, and law are discussed. The final chapter is prepared by James P. Grant, executive director of United Nations Children’s Fund and UndersecretaryGeneral of the United Nations. It is a report on the state of the world’s children in 1981-82. Presenting a picture of distressing proportions, he describes socioeconomic conditions that will affect children everywhere but most specifically thirdworld children. He discusses the program approach used by UNICEF, and how that approach has changed with lessons learned. The volume has appendixes that give updated material about articles published in previous volumes, lists of countries and contributors to all volumes, and career changes of the contributors. A bibliography and subject and name indexes are included. (GSB)
On Deadly Violence
by Kaare
Svalastoga.
Universitetsforlaget (c/o Columbia University Press, 562 West 113th Street, New York, New York 10025), 1983, 158 pp., softcover-$18.00. Svalastoga, professor of sociology at the University of Copenhagen, assesses the state of theory and research on trends and causes of violent behavior. There are nine chapters. The volume opens with a review of theories and findings and attempts to explain violent behavior in general by using five variables: organism, environment, population, technology, and change. The demographic importance of death is measured for five major causes: accidents, suicide, homicide, and hierarchical and territorial violence. Each type of violence has its own chapter that includes demographics, discussion of explanatory theories offered by general researchers, and supplementary discussion information. A final chapter provides a summary. References and notes for each section are given. (OSB)
ABSTRACTS
Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Volume 4 edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris. The University of Chicago Press (5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1983, 308 pp., hardcover-$25.00. Volume 4 offers a state-of-the-art summary of a diversity of issues in criminology. There are seven individually authored chapters. Each chapter concludes with a set of references. Jackson Toby focuses on violence in school. Seeing it as a serious recent development of the past generation, especially in the United States, he offers a typology of current criminological theories violence, that ex.plain the increase in occurrences, and some remedial suggestions. “The Influence of Gun Availability on Violent Crime Patterns” by Philip J. Cook suggests that the widespread availability of firearms contributes to the criminal homicide rate and influences violent crime patterns. Recommendations for future research are given. The relation between gender and crime is examined by Ilene H. Nagel and John Hagan in “Gender and Crime: Offense Patterns and Criminal Court Sanctions.” Specifically, the difference in pretrial release, bail setting, prosecution, plea negotiation, and conviction decisions for men and women are investigated. John Monahan and Henry J. Steadman use an analytic framework of epidemiology to study the relation between the “true” rates (rates at which these actually occur) and their “treated” rates (rates of institutional response) in “Crime and Mental Disorder: An Epidemiological Approach.” An historical overview of attitudes and policies toward juvenile delinquency in the United States is presented by Robert M. Mennel. Past and current theories are discussed. The influence of recent legal changes, professional study, and government policy on programs and institutions are recommended for future research. Situational crime prevention-remediation for highly specific crime-is Ronald V.
CURRENT
PUBLICATIONS
proaches to child care, supervision and training at the homes and institutions, young offenders’ institutions, the handicapped, birth status, and law are discussed. The final chapter is prepared by James P. Grant, executive director of United Nations Children’s Fund and UndersecretaryGeneral of the United Nations. It is a report on the state of the world’s children in 1981-82. Presenting a picture of distressing proportions, he describes socioeconomic conditions that will affect children everywhere but most specifically thirdworld children. He discusses the program approach used by UNICEF, and how that approach has changed with lessons learned. The volume has appendixes that give updated material about articles published in previous volumes, lists of countries and contributors to all volumes, and career changes of the contributors. A bibliography and subject and name indexes are included. (GSB)
On Deadly Violence
by Kaare
Svalastoga.
Universitetsforlaget (c/o Columbia University Press, 562 West 113th Street, New York, New York 10025), 1983, 158 pp., softcover-$18.00. Svalastoga, professor of sociology at the University of Copenhagen, assesses the state of theory and research on trends and causes of violent behavior. There are nine chapters. The volume opens with a review of theories and findings and attempts to explain violent behavior in general by using five variables: organism, environment, population, technology, and change. The demographic importance of death is measured for five major causes: accidents, suicide, homicide, and hierarchical and territorial violence. Each type of violence has its own chapter that includes demographics, discussion of explanatory theories offered by general researchers, and supplementary discussion information. A final chapter provides a summary. References and notes for each section are given. (OSB)
ABSTRACTS
Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Volume 4 edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris. The University of Chicago Press (5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1983, 308 pp., hardcover-$25.00. Volume 4 offers a state-of-the-art summary of a diversity of issues in criminology. There are seven individually authored chapters. Each chapter concludes with a set of references. Jackson Toby focuses on violence in school. Seeing it as a serious recent development of the past generation, especially in the United States, he offers a typology of current criminological theories violence, that ex.plain the increase in occurrences, and some remedial suggestions. “The Influence of Gun Availability on Violent Crime Patterns” by Philip J. Cook suggests that the widespread availability of firearms contributes to the criminal homicide rate and influences violent crime patterns. Recommendations for future research are given. The relation between gender and crime is examined by Ilene H. Nagel and John Hagan in “Gender and Crime: Offense Patterns and Criminal Court Sanctions.” Specifically, the difference in pretrial release, bail setting, prosecution, plea negotiation, and conviction decisions for men and women are investigated. John Monahan and Henry J. Steadman use an analytic framework of epidemiology to study the relation between the “true” rates (rates at which these actually occur) and their “treated” rates (rates of institutional response) in “Crime and Mental Disorder: An Epidemiological Approach.” An historical overview of attitudes and policies toward juvenile delinquency in the United States is presented by Robert M. Mennel. Past and current theories are discussed. The influence of recent legal changes, professional study, and government policy on programs and institutions are recommended for future research. Situational crime prevention-remediation for highly specific crime-is Ronald V.