- Email: [email protected]
On-line data bases for chemical patent searches
Dr. Maximilian
Herz, Scientific
Information
and Documentation
Department,
CIBA-GEIGY
Ltd. Basle
On-line Data Bases for Chemical Patent Searches*
Summary
The most important of the data bases available for chemical on-line searches are presented and their suitability for various types of patent searches are shown with the aid of examples. Les plus importantes bases de don&es interrogeables en conversationnel et couvrant le domaine de la chimie sont pr&entCes. On d&ermine, g l’aide d’exemples, celles qui s’adaptent le mieux aux diffkrentes categories de recherches de brevets. Es werden die wichtigsten fiir ChemieOn-line-Recherchen anhand von Beispielen deren Eignung fiir verschiedene
Available on-line patent data bases
SDC
The most frequently occurring types of on-line patent searches are: - searches concerning the technical content of patents; - searches concerning the bibliographical data; - searches for members of a patent family. The most important on-line data bases suitable for the above mentioned types of search are listed in this chapter. The data bases can be divided into three groups, namely: - on-line data bases for all fields of chemical technology ; - on-line data bases for special fields; - on-line data bases for equivalence searches. Tables l-3 show, which on-line patent data bases and in what time period are searchable by means of the two on-line systems Lockheed Information Systems (LIS) and System Development Corporation (SDC). a) On-line
data bases for all fields
of chemical
techno-
IO9Y For chemical searches, the most important data bases are those which cover the entire field of chemistry or even the whole of technology. These data bases contain more than 500 000 patent references. Table
I
ON-LINE
DATA
500 000 PATENT
BASES
CONTAINING
>
ABSTRACTS
The table shows, from left to right, the on-line system, the data base supplier, the supplier’s various data bases, and the periods they cover. In particular three large information systems deserve attention : DERWENT Service CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS Service and IFI-PLENUM Services.
LIS
X
SUPPLIER DER WENT
vorhandenen Datenbasen und Patent-Recherchentypen gezeigt. DATA
BASE
PERIOD
COVERED
FARMDOCIAGDOC
1963
-
1969
PLASDOC
-
1969 1973
X
CPI
1966 1970
X
WI
from
-1974
X
CHEM.ABSTR. x
x
CA-SEARCH
1967
-
x
x
CA-SEARCH
1972
-
X
x
CA-SEARCH
from
-
1977
1950
-
1970
-
1977 1978
-
1978
X
IFUPLENUM
X
CLAIMSICHEM. CLAIMS
X
CLAIMSIABSTR.
1971 from
X
CLAIMSNEEKLY
from
1971 1976
Whilst all Derwent data bases are only searchable on-line via SDC, all IFVPLENUM data bases are exclusively searchable via LIS. Prior to 1970, the DERWENT data bases only cover the areas of PHARMACEUTICALS (FARMDOC from 1963), AGROCHEMICALS (AGDOC from 1965) and PLASTICS (PLASDOC from 1966). From 1970 onwards, the Central Patents Index (CPI) covers all chemical patents. From 1974 onwards, the World Patents Index (WPI) documentation service published by Derwent covers all patents of 26 countries. The data bases of Chemical Abstracts Service can be searched via LIS from 1967 to the present and via SDC from 1970 to the present. The CLAIMS data base of IFVPLENUM Data Company (IFVPLENUM) exclusively covers U.S. patents. For the period 1950-1970 it only covers chemical U.S.patents.From 1971 on,it contains all U.S. patents. Some important differences between the 3 services are: CHEMICAL
ABSTRACTS
-
patents and other literature; - mainly chemical substance oriented; _ only chemical substances from the examples, if physicai data are given. Hence, chemical substances included in the patent claims are only partially covered. DER WENT
* Revised version of lecture held at Bask on 21.6.1979 Base1 on-line Experience Exchange Group.
World Patent Information 2
(1980)
No. 3
for the
Herz - On-line Data Bases
-
prior to 1974 only chemical patents, from 1974 on also patents of non-chemical IPC classes; 119
-
patent
claims and examples
are covered.
IFUPLENUM - only U.S.
-
patents; 1950-1970 only chemical patents, thereafter all classes of patents, prior to 1978, patent title, supplemented by keywords from the patent claims, from 1978 on, also the abstracts as they appear in the Official Gazette.
b) On-line data bases for special fields
FOOD ADLIBRA K & M Publications Inc., U.S.A. RAPRA Rubber and Plastics Research Association Britain Table
3
ON-LINE SDC
PATENT
LIS
x
APIPAT
ON-LINE
BASES
> 10 000 PATENT SDC
LIS
X
X
X
X
ABSTRACTS PERIOD
INTERNAT.
FSTA
from
INSPEC
1969
PAPERCHEM
from
1969
TITUS
from
1967
from
1970
from
1968
MAT.
SERVICE
INSPEC.
INST.
from
1964
6000
from
1966
CA-SEARCHICACOI
600000
from
1967
X
CLAIMS
500000
from
1950
CRDS
X
600
FARMDOCIAGDOC X
FOOD FSTA
x x
X X X X
ADLIBRA
3 000 20000
from
1978
1963
-
from from
1969
INSPEC
20 000
1969
50000
from
80 000
1966
-
6000
1972
-
RAPRA WAA WORLD WPIKPI
30000 TEXTILES
10000 30000 1000 000
1969 1974
PAPERCHEM PLASDOC TITUS X
50 000
~ 1977 1969 1969 1977
from
1967
from from from
1968 1970 1970
c) on-line data bases for equivalence
DATA-BASE
INFOR-
100000
CONTAINING
SUPPLIER
FOOD
COVERED
x
X
DATA
PERIOD
APTIC
X
Table 2
PATENTS
X
X
x x
FILES
DATA-BASE
X
For a number of technical fields, special data bases for on-line patent searches are available in addition to the comprehensive data bases referred to in the preceding chapter. In contrast to CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS and DERWENT, these special data bases, above all, stress the technological aspect. These on-line data bases each cover more than 10 000 patent references; they are listed in Table 2.
of Great
COVERED 1969
-
1977
OF ELECTRICAL
searches
Patent documentation requires an additional type of search which does not apply to the other literature documentation, namely the equivalence search. Its aim is to find all patents belonging to a patent family. Table 4 lists the data bases suitable for on-line equivalence searches in the field of chemistry.
ENGINEERS X
INST.
OF PAPER
CHEMISTRY X
INST.
TEXTILE
Table 4 PATENT
CONCORDANCE
ON-LINE
DATA
BASES
d) Subject
areas covered by the various data bases
DE FRANCE X
SHIRLEY
INST.
X
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METALS
WORLD
TEXTILES
WORLD ALUMINIUM ABSTR. (WAA)
All 6 data bases contain other literature in addition to patents; they cover patents from 1970 at the latest, but in some cases even from 1967 (TITUS). For patents, the period of at least 10 years, which is searchable on-line by means of these data bases, constitutes an additional factor of certainty. Table 3 shows a comprehensive list of the most important on-line data bases which contain patents. This list contains, in addition to the data bases already referred to in Tables 1 and 2, small special data bases, namely: APTIC Air Pollution Technical Information Center CRDS DERWENT Chemical Reactions Documentation Service 120
The major sectors of chemistry include: - Chemical substances; reactions - Biological subjects - Technical subjects - Engineering Table 5-8 indicate, for each major sector (e.g. biological subjects), the most important subject matter categories (e.g. organic compounds) of the particular major sector, in correlation with the corresponding on-line data bases. In each case, the on-line system in which the relevant data bases can be searched is also indicated. World Patent Information
2 (1980) No. 3 Herz - On-line Data Bases
All 4 tables show, for the particular sector, the breadth of the spectrum of subject matter categories covered in the most important data bases. Table 5, concerning chemical substances, shows that, for example, organic compounds are contained both in the CA-SEARCH of Chemical Abstracts as well as in the CPVWPI of DERWENT.
Table 7 TECHNICAL
-
$
1I B F
Table 5 CHEMICAL
i 8 i!
.$ g _ . . . .
::
. . .
. . . . . .
.
-.
. . .
_ _ -
.
. -.
. . . .
2 .. .. . -.
$5
:zy 5
+
DATA-BASE
SDC
LIS
CA-SEARCH
x
x X
CLAIMS X
CPI FARMDOCIAGDOC
X
PAPERCHEM
X
PLASDOC
X
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
ALLJMINIUM
WORLD
TEXTILES
X
ABSTR.
WPI
X X
. . .
.
.. . . . -.
DATA-BASE
SDC
LIS
CA-SEARCH
x
x X
CLAIMS
X
CPI PAPERCHEM
X X
PLASDOC TITUS WORLD
X X
TEXTILES X
WPI
Table 8 ENGINEERING
X
TITUS WORLD
c
2 G2 $ 2 3 d g6E
SUBSTANCES
! : 2 2 2 t; ? 2 ?i ; & E -
S UB JE CTS
I
I c-
x ti
Table 6 BIOLOGICAL
DATA-BASE
SDC
LI!
SUBJECTS
-
Subject
x -8 . . . . -.
searches with
examples
In the following the most important search tools subject searches in patents with examples are given.
DATA-BASE AGDOC CA-SEARCH CLAIMS
for
a) Survey of search tools for subject searches
CPI FARMDOC
Table 9 gives a survey of the search tools which are important for subject searches in patents. It relates 8 types of search tools to the 9 most important data bases. In the following the characteristic properties of the most efficient search tools are dealt with.
FSTA
World Patent Information 2 (1980) No. 3 Hen
- On-line Data Bases
121
Multipunch
codes
This search, which is only possible in the Derwent data bases and employs three-digit numbers, allows the use of a uniform search strategy. A chemical structure is broken down into characteristic fragments, which are represented by a series of three digit multipunch position numbers, to be found in the comprehensive Chemical Coding Rules for CPI/WPI. Table 9
SEARCH
TOOLS
CA SEARCH. On the other hand, the U.S. class of a patent is only recorded in the CA SEARCH and in CLAIMS. CLAIMS furthermore contains all U.S. classes shown on a patent. Index terms Non-structural concepts, such as, for example, a known application, and properties, can be searched in most data bases by means of terms contained in a Thesaurus, In the case of the following data bases, these terms are selected from a Thesaurus: - CPInvPI - FSTA - INSPEC - PAPERCHEM - TITUS - WORLD TEXTILES To permit search for novel technical concepts not contained in the Thesaurus, most files additionally provide the possibility of a free term search.
DATA-BASE CA-SEARCH CLAIMS
b) Search
CPl/wPl
We will give 4 typical examples to show how structures (possibly combined with properties) and reactions can be searched.
FSTA INSPEC PAPERCHEM
examples
TITUS WORLD
ALUMINIUM
ABSRT.
If a defined chemical compound is concerned, its Registry No. is searched in the CA molecular formula register. (Chemical Abstracts allots a Registry No. to each individual compound newly included in its system). Virtually every defined individual compound, for example urea, can be searched unambiguously and without ballast in the CA Search by means of the Registry No. In CPITWPI, on the other hand, 16-18 punch positions and 2 search strategies (1970-7 1 and 1972-79) are needed for the search for HaN-CONH1 , without however giving a ballast-free result. On the other hand, Markush formulae are mostly easier to search via the fragment code, since the plurality of Registry Nos. makes a search by the system just described extremely troublesome. Patent classification
122
code
An on-line search in the WPI for chemical structures by means of the multipunch code is shown in Table 10. The sought Markush formula is characterised by 20 multipunch code positions.
Registry Nos
The International of every patent
Multipunch
Patent Classification units (IPC units) can be searched both in CPIWPI and
Table
10
MULTIPUNCH
CODE
(HO)--ffQ
m=1-2
Br, ’ On-line procedure: file wpi;subs e3 ss l/C? USER: synonym . for 1ink;synonym ss l/C? USER: 192.49-.525.59-.60-.62-.620.713 SS 1 PSTG (285) ss 2/C? USER : 1.058.059
n=l-3
> for not
World Patent Information 2 (1980) No. 3 Hen - On-line Data Bases
1 and p/dt and all antioxidant: PROG: SS 2 PSTG (1)
SS 2 PSTG (182) ss
3/C?
USER: 2.>01&.>01-.>010.>011.>012.>014.>015.>016.> 017.>019 SS 3 PSTG
prt full AN - CA86-189934 (25) TI - Antioxidant benzimidazole derivative IT - 62468-l S-9: (prepn. and antioxidant activity of,
(49)
ss 4/C? USER :
pi-t, an, ti 49 AN - 81398X/44 TI - 5,7-Dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline S-hydroxy-quinoline and bromine ic acid DT2515476
prepn - from in aq hydrobrom-
for the Beckmann Using the example of “catalysts rearrangement”, Table 12 shows, how an aimed search for these catalysts can be carried out with text terms and the data type “patent” (p/dt).
Registry Nos Table 11 shows a combined structure and properties search. In the SDC CA-SEARCH data base, the properties and/or use corresponding to each structure can be searched and printed out. A search under Registry No. 62468-15-9 produces all abstracts concr-(2chlorophenyl)-[ lH-benzimidazol-2-yl-mecerning thanol] monohydrochloride. The result can subsequently be reduced, by restriction to “antioxidants” and the data type “patent” (p/dt) to those patents which contain information on the antioxidant action of this compound. Table
11
CHEM. ABSTR.
REGISTRY-NO.
HCI H
OH
1 H-Benzimidazole-2-methanol, a-(2-chlorophenyl) monohydrochloride (62468-15-9)
12
REARRANGEMENT
On-lineprocedure: file cas77 SSIIC? USER: beckmann and all rearrangement: PROG: SS 1 PSTG (117) ss 2/C? USER: 1 and pldt PROG : SS 2 PSTG (25) ss 3/C? USER: 2 and all cataly: PROG : SS 4 PSTG (9) prt full AN - CA90-104596(14) TI -, epsilon, -Caprolactam IT - Beckmann rearrangement catalyst: dride and alumina, for cyclohexanone
(boric anhyoxime)
In order to find the IPC units for unsubstituted quinoxalines, it is necessary to scrutinise the class of Heterocyclic compounds in the 2nd edition of the International Patent Classification. C07D-241/40 covers “heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms which are benzopyrazines” and hence also unsubstituted
file cas77 ss l/C? USER: 62468-15-9/m PROG: SS 1 PSTG (2) ss 2/C? USER: Information
Table
BECKMANN
IPC classification
On-lrne procedure:
World Patent
Reactions
2 (1980)
No. 3
Herz - On-line
Data Bases
123
quinoxalines, which can thus be searched for, with this IPC-Unit, for example in the WPI data base. Table 13 IPC classification C 07 D HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS 241 /OO Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4diazine rings 241/36 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems 241138 . . with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms 241140 Benzopyrazines
= N’ a) I
N'
USER: c07d-241 I40 PROG : SS 1 PSTG (8) prt full AN - 5 1565A/28 CC - MERCK & CO. INC (MERI) TI - 6-( I-Piperazinyl)quinoxalineused as anorectic, antidepressant, analgesic and hypnotic agent us4091101 PI - 23.05.78 15.06.77 -US-806898 A61K-31/49 C07D-241/40 C07D-403104 In conclusion, it should be mentioned that bibliowhich are important alongside graphical searches, subject matter searches, are beyond the scope of the present paper. Acknowledgement
Quinoxaline On-lineprocedure: file wpi ss l/C?
124
I would like to express my cordial thanks to Dr. S. Goldstein, Scientific Documentation Department of CIBA-GEIGY AG., who has greatly contributed to this publication through valuable suggestions.
World Patent
Information
2 (1980)
No. 3 Herz - On-line Data Bases
Herz, Scientific
Information
and Documentation
Department,
CIBA-GEIGY
Ltd. Basle
On-line Data Bases for Chemical Patent Searches*
Summary
The most important of the data bases available for chemical on-line searches are presented and their suitability for various types of patent searches are shown with the aid of examples. Les plus importantes bases de don&es interrogeables en conversationnel et couvrant le domaine de la chimie sont pr&entCes. On d&ermine, g l’aide d’exemples, celles qui s’adaptent le mieux aux diffkrentes categories de recherches de brevets. Es werden die wichtigsten fiir ChemieOn-line-Recherchen anhand von Beispielen deren Eignung fiir verschiedene
Available on-line patent data bases
SDC
The most frequently occurring types of on-line patent searches are: - searches concerning the technical content of patents; - searches concerning the bibliographical data; - searches for members of a patent family. The most important on-line data bases suitable for the above mentioned types of search are listed in this chapter. The data bases can be divided into three groups, namely: - on-line data bases for all fields of chemical technology ; - on-line data bases for special fields; - on-line data bases for equivalence searches. Tables l-3 show, which on-line patent data bases and in what time period are searchable by means of the two on-line systems Lockheed Information Systems (LIS) and System Development Corporation (SDC). a) On-line
data bases for all fields
of chemical
techno-
IO9Y For chemical searches, the most important data bases are those which cover the entire field of chemistry or even the whole of technology. These data bases contain more than 500 000 patent references. Table
I
ON-LINE
DATA
500 000 PATENT
BASES
CONTAINING
>
ABSTRACTS
The table shows, from left to right, the on-line system, the data base supplier, the supplier’s various data bases, and the periods they cover. In particular three large information systems deserve attention : DERWENT Service CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS Service and IFI-PLENUM Services.
LIS
X
SUPPLIER DER WENT
vorhandenen Datenbasen und Patent-Recherchentypen gezeigt. DATA
BASE
PERIOD
COVERED
FARMDOCIAGDOC
1963
-
1969
PLASDOC
-
1969 1973
X
CPI
1966 1970
X
WI
from
-1974
X
CHEM.ABSTR. x
x
CA-SEARCH
1967
-
x
x
CA-SEARCH
1972
-
X
x
CA-SEARCH
from
-
1977
1950
-
1970
-
1977 1978
-
1978
X
IFUPLENUM
X
CLAIMSICHEM. CLAIMS
X
CLAIMSIABSTR.
1971 from
X
CLAIMSNEEKLY
from
1971 1976
Whilst all Derwent data bases are only searchable on-line via SDC, all IFVPLENUM data bases are exclusively searchable via LIS. Prior to 1970, the DERWENT data bases only cover the areas of PHARMACEUTICALS (FARMDOC from 1963), AGROCHEMICALS (AGDOC from 1965) and PLASTICS (PLASDOC from 1966). From 1970 onwards, the Central Patents Index (CPI) covers all chemical patents. From 1974 onwards, the World Patents Index (WPI) documentation service published by Derwent covers all patents of 26 countries. The data bases of Chemical Abstracts Service can be searched via LIS from 1967 to the present and via SDC from 1970 to the present. The CLAIMS data base of IFVPLENUM Data Company (IFVPLENUM) exclusively covers U.S. patents. For the period 1950-1970 it only covers chemical U.S.patents.From 1971 on,it contains all U.S. patents. Some important differences between the 3 services are: CHEMICAL
ABSTRACTS
-
patents and other literature; - mainly chemical substance oriented; _ only chemical substances from the examples, if physicai data are given. Hence, chemical substances included in the patent claims are only partially covered. DER WENT
* Revised version of lecture held at Bask on 21.6.1979 Base1 on-line Experience Exchange Group.
World Patent Information 2
(1980)
No. 3
for the
Herz - On-line Data Bases
-
prior to 1974 only chemical patents, from 1974 on also patents of non-chemical IPC classes; 119
-
patent
claims and examples
are covered.
IFUPLENUM - only U.S.
-
patents; 1950-1970 only chemical patents, thereafter all classes of patents, prior to 1978, patent title, supplemented by keywords from the patent claims, from 1978 on, also the abstracts as they appear in the Official Gazette.
b) On-line data bases for special fields
FOOD ADLIBRA K & M Publications Inc., U.S.A. RAPRA Rubber and Plastics Research Association Britain Table
3
ON-LINE SDC
PATENT
LIS
x
APIPAT
ON-LINE
BASES
> 10 000 PATENT SDC
LIS
X
X
X
X
ABSTRACTS PERIOD
INTERNAT.
FSTA
from
INSPEC
1969
PAPERCHEM
from
1969
TITUS
from
1967
from
1970
from
1968
MAT.
SERVICE
INSPEC.
INST.
from
1964
6000
from
1966
CA-SEARCHICACOI
600000
from
1967
X
CLAIMS
500000
from
1950
CRDS
X
600
FARMDOCIAGDOC X
FOOD FSTA
x x
X X X X
ADLIBRA
3 000 20000
from
1978
1963
-
from from
1969
INSPEC
20 000
1969
50000
from
80 000
1966
-
6000
1972
-
RAPRA WAA WORLD WPIKPI
30000 TEXTILES
10000 30000 1000 000
1969 1974
PAPERCHEM PLASDOC TITUS X
50 000
~ 1977 1969 1969 1977
from
1967
from from from
1968 1970 1970
c) on-line data bases for equivalence
DATA-BASE
INFOR-
100000
CONTAINING
SUPPLIER
FOOD
COVERED
x
X
DATA
PERIOD
APTIC
X
Table 2
PATENTS
X
X
x x
FILES
DATA-BASE
X
For a number of technical fields, special data bases for on-line patent searches are available in addition to the comprehensive data bases referred to in the preceding chapter. In contrast to CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS and DERWENT, these special data bases, above all, stress the technological aspect. These on-line data bases each cover more than 10 000 patent references; they are listed in Table 2.
of Great
COVERED 1969
-
1977
OF ELECTRICAL
searches
Patent documentation requires an additional type of search which does not apply to the other literature documentation, namely the equivalence search. Its aim is to find all patents belonging to a patent family. Table 4 lists the data bases suitable for on-line equivalence searches in the field of chemistry.
ENGINEERS X
INST.
OF PAPER
CHEMISTRY X
INST.
TEXTILE
Table 4 PATENT
CONCORDANCE
ON-LINE
DATA
BASES
d) Subject
areas covered by the various data bases
DE FRANCE X
SHIRLEY
INST.
X
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METALS
WORLD
TEXTILES
WORLD ALUMINIUM ABSTR. (WAA)
All 6 data bases contain other literature in addition to patents; they cover patents from 1970 at the latest, but in some cases even from 1967 (TITUS). For patents, the period of at least 10 years, which is searchable on-line by means of these data bases, constitutes an additional factor of certainty. Table 3 shows a comprehensive list of the most important on-line data bases which contain patents. This list contains, in addition to the data bases already referred to in Tables 1 and 2, small special data bases, namely: APTIC Air Pollution Technical Information Center CRDS DERWENT Chemical Reactions Documentation Service 120
The major sectors of chemistry include: - Chemical substances; reactions - Biological subjects - Technical subjects - Engineering Table 5-8 indicate, for each major sector (e.g. biological subjects), the most important subject matter categories (e.g. organic compounds) of the particular major sector, in correlation with the corresponding on-line data bases. In each case, the on-line system in which the relevant data bases can be searched is also indicated. World Patent Information
2 (1980) No. 3 Herz - On-line Data Bases
All 4 tables show, for the particular sector, the breadth of the spectrum of subject matter categories covered in the most important data bases. Table 5, concerning chemical substances, shows that, for example, organic compounds are contained both in the CA-SEARCH of Chemical Abstracts as well as in the CPVWPI of DERWENT.
Table 7 TECHNICAL
-
$
1I B F
Table 5 CHEMICAL
i 8 i!
.$ g _ . . . .
::
. . .
. . . . . .
.
-.
. . .
_ _ -
.
. -.
. . . .
2 .. .. . -.
$5
:zy 5
+
DATA-BASE
SDC
LIS
CA-SEARCH
x
x X
CLAIMS X
CPI FARMDOCIAGDOC
X
PAPERCHEM
X
PLASDOC
X
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
ALLJMINIUM
WORLD
TEXTILES
X
ABSTR.
WPI
X X
. . .
.
.. . . . -.
DATA-BASE
SDC
LIS
CA-SEARCH
x
x X
CLAIMS
X
CPI PAPERCHEM
X X
PLASDOC TITUS WORLD
X X
TEXTILES X
WPI
Table 8 ENGINEERING
X
TITUS WORLD
c
2 G2 $ 2 3 d g6E
SUBSTANCES
! : 2 2 2 t; ? 2 ?i ; & E -
S UB JE CTS
I
I c-
x ti
Table 6 BIOLOGICAL
DATA-BASE
SDC
LI!
SUBJECTS
-
Subject
x -8 . . . . -.
searches with
examples
In the following the most important search tools subject searches in patents with examples are given.
DATA-BASE AGDOC CA-SEARCH CLAIMS
for
a) Survey of search tools for subject searches
CPI FARMDOC
Table 9 gives a survey of the search tools which are important for subject searches in patents. It relates 8 types of search tools to the 9 most important data bases. In the following the characteristic properties of the most efficient search tools are dealt with.
FSTA
World Patent Information 2 (1980) No. 3 Hen
- On-line Data Bases
121
Multipunch
codes
This search, which is only possible in the Derwent data bases and employs three-digit numbers, allows the use of a uniform search strategy. A chemical structure is broken down into characteristic fragments, which are represented by a series of three digit multipunch position numbers, to be found in the comprehensive Chemical Coding Rules for CPI/WPI. Table 9
SEARCH
TOOLS
CA SEARCH. On the other hand, the U.S. class of a patent is only recorded in the CA SEARCH and in CLAIMS. CLAIMS furthermore contains all U.S. classes shown on a patent. Index terms Non-structural concepts, such as, for example, a known application, and properties, can be searched in most data bases by means of terms contained in a Thesaurus, In the case of the following data bases, these terms are selected from a Thesaurus: - CPInvPI - FSTA - INSPEC - PAPERCHEM - TITUS - WORLD TEXTILES To permit search for novel technical concepts not contained in the Thesaurus, most files additionally provide the possibility of a free term search.
DATA-BASE CA-SEARCH CLAIMS
b) Search
CPl/wPl
We will give 4 typical examples to show how structures (possibly combined with properties) and reactions can be searched.
FSTA INSPEC PAPERCHEM
examples
TITUS WORLD
ALUMINIUM
ABSRT.
If a defined chemical compound is concerned, its Registry No. is searched in the CA molecular formula register. (Chemical Abstracts allots a Registry No. to each individual compound newly included in its system). Virtually every defined individual compound, for example urea, can be searched unambiguously and without ballast in the CA Search by means of the Registry No. In CPITWPI, on the other hand, 16-18 punch positions and 2 search strategies (1970-7 1 and 1972-79) are needed for the search for HaN-CONH1 , without however giving a ballast-free result. On the other hand, Markush formulae are mostly easier to search via the fragment code, since the plurality of Registry Nos. makes a search by the system just described extremely troublesome. Patent classification
122
code
An on-line search in the WPI for chemical structures by means of the multipunch code is shown in Table 10. The sought Markush formula is characterised by 20 multipunch code positions.
Registry Nos
The International of every patent
Multipunch
Patent Classification units (IPC units) can be searched both in CPIWPI and
Table
10
MULTIPUNCH
CODE
(HO)--ffQ
m=1-2
Br, ’ On-line procedure: file wpi;subs e3 ss l/C? USER: synonym . for 1ink;synonym ss l/C? USER: 192.49-.525.59-.60-.62-.620.713 SS 1 PSTG (285) ss 2/C? USER : 1.058.059
n=l-3
> for not
World Patent Information 2 (1980) No. 3 Hen - On-line Data Bases
1 and p/dt and all antioxidant: PROG: SS 2 PSTG (1)
SS 2 PSTG (182) ss
3/C?
USER: 2.>01&.>01-.>010.>011.>012.>014.>015.>016.> 017.>019 SS 3 PSTG
prt full AN - CA86-189934 (25) TI - Antioxidant benzimidazole derivative IT - 62468-l S-9: (prepn. and antioxidant activity of,
(49)
ss 4/C? USER :
pi-t, an, ti 49 AN - 81398X/44 TI - 5,7-Dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline S-hydroxy-quinoline and bromine ic acid DT2515476
prepn - from in aq hydrobrom-
for the Beckmann Using the example of “catalysts rearrangement”, Table 12 shows, how an aimed search for these catalysts can be carried out with text terms and the data type “patent” (p/dt).
Registry Nos Table 11 shows a combined structure and properties search. In the SDC CA-SEARCH data base, the properties and/or use corresponding to each structure can be searched and printed out. A search under Registry No. 62468-15-9 produces all abstracts concr-(2chlorophenyl)-[ lH-benzimidazol-2-yl-mecerning thanol] monohydrochloride. The result can subsequently be reduced, by restriction to “antioxidants” and the data type “patent” (p/dt) to those patents which contain information on the antioxidant action of this compound. Table
11
CHEM. ABSTR.
REGISTRY-NO.
HCI H
OH
1 H-Benzimidazole-2-methanol, a-(2-chlorophenyl) monohydrochloride (62468-15-9)
12
REARRANGEMENT
On-lineprocedure: file cas77 SSIIC? USER: beckmann and all rearrangement: PROG: SS 1 PSTG (117) ss 2/C? USER: 1 and pldt PROG : SS 2 PSTG (25) ss 3/C? USER: 2 and all cataly: PROG : SS 4 PSTG (9) prt full AN - CA90-104596(14) TI -, epsilon, -Caprolactam IT - Beckmann rearrangement catalyst: dride and alumina, for cyclohexanone
(boric anhyoxime)
In order to find the IPC units for unsubstituted quinoxalines, it is necessary to scrutinise the class of Heterocyclic compounds in the 2nd edition of the International Patent Classification. C07D-241/40 covers “heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms which are benzopyrazines” and hence also unsubstituted
file cas77 ss l/C? USER: 62468-15-9/m PROG: SS 1 PSTG (2) ss 2/C? USER: Information
Table
BECKMANN
IPC classification
On-lrne procedure:
World Patent
Reactions
2 (1980)
No. 3
Herz - On-line
Data Bases
123
quinoxalines, which can thus be searched for, with this IPC-Unit, for example in the WPI data base. Table 13 IPC classification C 07 D HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS 241 /OO Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4diazine rings 241/36 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems 241138 . . with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms 241140 Benzopyrazines
= N’ a) I
N'
USER: c07d-241 I40 PROG : SS 1 PSTG (8) prt full AN - 5 1565A/28 CC - MERCK & CO. INC (MERI) TI - 6-( I-Piperazinyl)quinoxalineused as anorectic, antidepressant, analgesic and hypnotic agent us4091101 PI - 23.05.78 15.06.77 -US-806898 A61K-31/49 C07D-241/40 C07D-403104 In conclusion, it should be mentioned that bibliowhich are important alongside graphical searches, subject matter searches, are beyond the scope of the present paper. Acknowledgement
Quinoxaline On-lineprocedure: file wpi ss l/C?
124
I would like to express my cordial thanks to Dr. S. Goldstein, Scientific Documentation Department of CIBA-GEIGY AG., who has greatly contributed to this publication through valuable suggestions.
World Patent
Information
2 (1980)
No. 3 Herz - On-line Data Bases