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On the etiology of prognathism
acceptable substitute for the lateral incisor. However, the lateral incisor is not an adequate substitute for the central incisor. .I. A. Sulzrnotltl
Straight v. Multilooped A Comparison Study
Archwires
in Stage I of Begg Therapy:
WI. M. Kuftinec and G. 0. lnman J. &WI.
Rem SK: 401,
J;IIIN(II-I.,
I979
Because of the undesirable side effects of multilooped mandibular arch wires in the early stages of Begg therapy, a study was designed to compare the clinical results of treating two groups consisting of sixteen patients each, closely matched with respect to age, sex, severity of malocclusion, and particularly severity of the anterior mandibular crowding. Group A was treated according to the classically prescribed Begg therapy. The other group’s treatment was modified to the extent that the mandibular arch was not looped, but only straight arch wires were used. The comparison. based on the cephalometric evaluation at the end of Stage I and on comparison of treatment times. demonstrated that, on the basis of the results of this study, it would appear that the use of straight rather than multilooped arch wires in the mandibular arch deserves favorable consideration in early Begg therapy. J. A. Sulzmunn
Potential
Micrognathia
in Children
With Juvenile
Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Lars Odenrick Trcm.
Eut-. Orthod.
So<,.. pp.
207-Z/5.
I977
A comparative study was made of the development of the facial skeleton in 106 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and in 913 healthy children, their ages ranging from 3 to 16 years. Among the children with polyarticular joint involvement, a significant correlation was noted between age at onset, duration of the disease. and mandibular development. The over-all frequency of micrognathia was 26 percent, all but one belonging to the group with polyarticular joint involvement. J. A. Sd~mann
Zur Atiologie Chr. Schulze Fort.whr.
der Progenie
Kiqfirorthopcdic~
40; 87-104,
(On the Etiology April,
of Prognathism)
I979
Four points are discussed regarding the etiology of prognathism, especially hereditary sequences. In the deciduous dentition it is found in about 3 percent and in the permanent dentition about 6 percent when clear-cut cases are considered. A concordance ratio in twins which is less than 4: I does not support the simple dominant pattern; the ratio below 1 : 1 does not support the homozygotic gene activity but suggests a polygenic (multifactorial) inheritance. The ratio of about 7: 1 in prognathism, therefore, favors the polygenic
theory. Numerous studies of regular transmission through several generations of prognathism with anterior positioning of the mandibular incisors and even distribution between the sexes indicate an autosomal dominant gene. However, the dominant hereditary sequence may be stimulated. Recent research on eleven genealogic groups, whose probands bore only microsymptoms and questionable ones at that, have shown that in most cases patients with clear symptoms of prognathism can be found sporadically or among siblings only. Transmission over several generations is an exception. These results also support the assumption that prognathism of the frequent type is based on polygenic inheritance or a multifactorial system, respectively. Special types with simple dominant patterns are possible. however. J. A. Salzmann
Zur Terminologie der Progenie (On the Terminology Prognathism: Class Ill Malocclusion)
of Mandibular
A. Fleischer For-ischr.
Kirfkwmhopptrd;e
39: 435-443.
197X
Classifications of anomalies are discussed which, in Anglo-Saxon countries, are commonly called mandibulur prognathism or mandibular protrusion and, in Germany, Progenie. This term was introduced in I868 by L. Meyer, a neurologist of Gottingen. The different concepts are discussed, with emphasis on the need to avoid using different terms for genetically and structurally similar anomalies. J. A. Salzmann
The Public Interest S&rw
203:
Feb.
Versus
Lollipops
(News Item)
Y, I979
Michael Jacobsen, director of Science in the Public Interest, brought the full force of his wrath down on the American Cancer Society (ACS) when he discovered that it was giving lollipops to children as a fund-raising gimmick. He sent a protest to the ACS and released it to the press. Jacobsen was upset, first, because the ACS was giving out hard candy (bad for the teeth) and, second, because some of the lollipops were red, containing red dye No. 40, an additive which Jacobsen suspects of being a carcinogen. The Food and Drug Administration is now engaged in a review to find out whether the dye’s safety approval should be revoked but has not reached any conclusion. J. A. Salzmarzn
Changes in the Natural (13-18 Years) C. F. A. Moorrees, .I. Dent.
Res. 58: 276,
Dentition
L. M. L. Lebret, Junuun,
After Second and Ft. L. Kent,
Molar Emergence Jr.
1979
Dental casts were obtained from a group of 120 individuals with intact untreated dentitions and no significant tooth crowding. Changes in arch dimensions and available
Straight v. Multilooped A Comparison Study
Archwires
in Stage I of Begg Therapy:
WI. M. Kuftinec and G. 0. lnman J. &WI.
Rem SK: 401,
J;IIIN(II-I.,
I979
Because of the undesirable side effects of multilooped mandibular arch wires in the early stages of Begg therapy, a study was designed to compare the clinical results of treating two groups consisting of sixteen patients each, closely matched with respect to age, sex, severity of malocclusion, and particularly severity of the anterior mandibular crowding. Group A was treated according to the classically prescribed Begg therapy. The other group’s treatment was modified to the extent that the mandibular arch was not looped, but only straight arch wires were used. The comparison. based on the cephalometric evaluation at the end of Stage I and on comparison of treatment times. demonstrated that, on the basis of the results of this study, it would appear that the use of straight rather than multilooped arch wires in the mandibular arch deserves favorable consideration in early Begg therapy. J. A. Sulzmunn
Potential
Micrognathia
in Children
With Juvenile
Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Lars Odenrick Trcm.
Eut-. Orthod.
So<,.. pp.
207-Z/5.
I977
A comparative study was made of the development of the facial skeleton in 106 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and in 913 healthy children, their ages ranging from 3 to 16 years. Among the children with polyarticular joint involvement, a significant correlation was noted between age at onset, duration of the disease. and mandibular development. The over-all frequency of micrognathia was 26 percent, all but one belonging to the group with polyarticular joint involvement. J. A. Sd~mann
Zur Atiologie Chr. Schulze Fort.whr.
der Progenie
Kiqfirorthopcdic~
40; 87-104,
(On the Etiology April,
of Prognathism)
I979
Four points are discussed regarding the etiology of prognathism, especially hereditary sequences. In the deciduous dentition it is found in about 3 percent and in the permanent dentition about 6 percent when clear-cut cases are considered. A concordance ratio in twins which is less than 4: I does not support the simple dominant pattern; the ratio below 1 : 1 does not support the homozygotic gene activity but suggests a polygenic (multifactorial) inheritance. The ratio of about 7: 1 in prognathism, therefore, favors the polygenic
theory. Numerous studies of regular transmission through several generations of prognathism with anterior positioning of the mandibular incisors and even distribution between the sexes indicate an autosomal dominant gene. However, the dominant hereditary sequence may be stimulated. Recent research on eleven genealogic groups, whose probands bore only microsymptoms and questionable ones at that, have shown that in most cases patients with clear symptoms of prognathism can be found sporadically or among siblings only. Transmission over several generations is an exception. These results also support the assumption that prognathism of the frequent type is based on polygenic inheritance or a multifactorial system, respectively. Special types with simple dominant patterns are possible. however. J. A. Salzmann
Zur Terminologie der Progenie (On the Terminology Prognathism: Class Ill Malocclusion)
of Mandibular
A. Fleischer For-ischr.
Kirfkwmhopptrd;e
39: 435-443.
197X
Classifications of anomalies are discussed which, in Anglo-Saxon countries, are commonly called mandibulur prognathism or mandibular protrusion and, in Germany, Progenie. This term was introduced in I868 by L. Meyer, a neurologist of Gottingen. The different concepts are discussed, with emphasis on the need to avoid using different terms for genetically and structurally similar anomalies. J. A. Salzmann
The Public Interest S&rw
203:
Feb.
Versus
Lollipops
(News Item)
Y, I979
Michael Jacobsen, director of Science in the Public Interest, brought the full force of his wrath down on the American Cancer Society (ACS) when he discovered that it was giving lollipops to children as a fund-raising gimmick. He sent a protest to the ACS and released it to the press. Jacobsen was upset, first, because the ACS was giving out hard candy (bad for the teeth) and, second, because some of the lollipops were red, containing red dye No. 40, an additive which Jacobsen suspects of being a carcinogen. The Food and Drug Administration is now engaged in a review to find out whether the dye’s safety approval should be revoked but has not reached any conclusion. J. A. Salzmarzn
Changes in the Natural (13-18 Years) C. F. A. Moorrees, .I. Dent.
Res. 58: 276,
Dentition
L. M. L. Lebret, Junuun,
After Second and Ft. L. Kent,
Molar Emergence Jr.
1979
Dental casts were obtained from a group of 120 individuals with intact untreated dentitions and no significant tooth crowding. Changes in arch dimensions and available