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On the importance of choosing a change of support model for global reserves estimation
191A 894175 Cone-penetrometer exploration of sinkholes: stratigraphy and soil properties Bloomberg, D; Upchurch, S D; Hayden, M L; Williams, R C Proc 2nd Muitidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst, Orlando, 9-11 February 1987 P145-151. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987
894179 Spatial variation estimation of soil properties in one dimension for regularly spaced data Kulatilake. P H S W; Southworth, R K Proc International Symposium on Prediction and Performance in Geotechnical Engineering, Calgary, 17-19 June 1987 P429437. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987
Detailed stratigraphic and soils analysis was carried out at 4 sinkholes using both Standard (SPT) and Electric Friction Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) data. SPT data, although widely used, are seen to be of little value. The CPT is more sensitive to minor lithologic variability. Four sandy and silty units were found above the limestone. Conduit fill was a mixture of these units, had low cohesion and was potentially liquefiable and liable to piping failure. The CPT produced data of equivalent quality to continuous coting, but the SPT only inconclusive trends.
Random field theory and regression analysis are used to model the spatial variability of soils in statistically homogeneous deposits. Procedures to check the stationarity of data are included. Data are considered to consist of trend, the nonstationary component, and signal plus noise, which represent the stationary stochastic component. An illustrated example of the developed estimation model is presented, using data from cone penetration tests in sand.
894176 Tunnel construction in very weak sandstone Nelson, C R; Petersen, D L; Nelson, B K Proc 1987 Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, New Orleans, 14-17 June 1987 VI, P21-27. Publ Littleton: Society of Mining Engineers. 1987 The 45m thick St Peter sandstone of the Twin Cities area of Minnesota is very weak. Core recovery was poor in the critical weaker strata and little preconstruction information could be collected. An improved core recovery technique has been developed, using a diamond coring bit and triple tube core barrel systems, which allows rock quality ratings to be obtained on the recovered cores. Its use for tunnel construction investigation is described.
Presentation and interpretation of data 894177 Best linear unbiased system for multi-seam deposits. Short communication Xiang Wang lnt J Min Geol Engng 11"6,N3, Oct 1988, P259-266 The use of geostatistical methods to estimate the values of multiseam deposits using the kriging estimator is described. The mathematical model of the problem, its assumptions, the derived extension kriging system, the estimator and the variance expression are consistent with those of the standard kriging system. The method is demonstrated using an algorithm of Chou (1982) and the computer program READHOLD.
894178 On the importance of choosing a change of support model for global reserves estimation Lantuejoul, C Math Geol V20, 318, Not" 1988, PIO01-1019 The problem of forecasting block distribution in an orebody from sample data is considered. Using frequency distribution and covariance function of sample grades, only the first 2 moments of block grade distribution are accessible. A change of support model is introduced to derive further information. 3 examples of the change of support problem, diffusion process, Ambarzumians process and mosaic process are outlined and 3 plausible change of support models, affine correction, discrete Gaussian model and mosaic model, considered.
894180 Estimation of spatial covariance structures with application to hydrological, hydrochemical, and isotopic data from aquifers: state-of-the-art and adjoint state maximum likelihood crossvalidation methods Samper, F J; Neuman, S P Proc NA TO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in Analytical and Numerical Groundwater Flow and Quality Modelling, Lisbon, 2-6 June 1987 P585-620. Publ Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987 Aquifer parameters, transmissivity, storativity, dispersion, and responses such as hydraulic heads and solute transport show slowly varying properties, describable by deterministic methods, and high frequency fluctuations, which require probabilistic representation. Geostatistical methods for estimation of such parameters from field data are described. The adjoint state maximum likelihood cross validation method is particularly suitable for cases where sampling and measurement errors are not taken into account. The capabilities of these techniques are illustrated with reference to field and synthetically generated data. 894181 Bayesian identification of steady-state (anisotropic) ground water flow models Bastin, G Proc NA TO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in Analytical and Numerical Groundwater Flow and Quality Modelling, Lisbon, 2-6 June 1987 P621-640. Publ Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987 Two Bayesian identification methods to estimate transmissivity functions of steady state flow in a 2D anisotropic unconfined aquifer, taking into account uncertainties in hydraulic head and discharge (recharge) functions, are presented. One is based on the assumption that transmissivity is a random walk field. The other is based on a transmissivity covariance model explicitly computed from the piezometric field covariance. 894182 Corrections for sampling biases in joint surveys: state-of-theart Kulatilake, P H S W Proc 24th Symp on Engineering Geology and Soils Engineering, Coear d'dlene, 29 Feb-2 March 1988 P359-374. Publ Washington: Washington State University, 1988 To model 3-D joint geometry, sample values of joint location, orientation,shape and dimensions are necessary. These are subject to errors due to sampling bias, so corrections must be made before inferences about joint parameter distributions are possible. A review of methods available for correcting joint orientation bias, for bias on joint intensity and for joint trace length and size biases is presented. 25 refs.
1989 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted RMMS 26-3 4--~R.
894179 Spatial variation estimation of soil properties in one dimension for regularly spaced data Kulatilake. P H S W; Southworth, R K Proc International Symposium on Prediction and Performance in Geotechnical Engineering, Calgary, 17-19 June 1987 P429437. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1987
Detailed stratigraphic and soils analysis was carried out at 4 sinkholes using both Standard (SPT) and Electric Friction Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) data. SPT data, although widely used, are seen to be of little value. The CPT is more sensitive to minor lithologic variability. Four sandy and silty units were found above the limestone. Conduit fill was a mixture of these units, had low cohesion and was potentially liquefiable and liable to piping failure. The CPT produced data of equivalent quality to continuous coting, but the SPT only inconclusive trends.
Random field theory and regression analysis are used to model the spatial variability of soils in statistically homogeneous deposits. Procedures to check the stationarity of data are included. Data are considered to consist of trend, the nonstationary component, and signal plus noise, which represent the stationary stochastic component. An illustrated example of the developed estimation model is presented, using data from cone penetration tests in sand.
894176 Tunnel construction in very weak sandstone Nelson, C R; Petersen, D L; Nelson, B K Proc 1987 Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, New Orleans, 14-17 June 1987 VI, P21-27. Publ Littleton: Society of Mining Engineers. 1987 The 45m thick St Peter sandstone of the Twin Cities area of Minnesota is very weak. Core recovery was poor in the critical weaker strata and little preconstruction information could be collected. An improved core recovery technique has been developed, using a diamond coring bit and triple tube core barrel systems, which allows rock quality ratings to be obtained on the recovered cores. Its use for tunnel construction investigation is described.
Presentation and interpretation of data 894177 Best linear unbiased system for multi-seam deposits. Short communication Xiang Wang lnt J Min Geol Engng 11"6,N3, Oct 1988, P259-266 The use of geostatistical methods to estimate the values of multiseam deposits using the kriging estimator is described. The mathematical model of the problem, its assumptions, the derived extension kriging system, the estimator and the variance expression are consistent with those of the standard kriging system. The method is demonstrated using an algorithm of Chou (1982) and the computer program READHOLD.
894178 On the importance of choosing a change of support model for global reserves estimation Lantuejoul, C Math Geol V20, 318, Not" 1988, PIO01-1019 The problem of forecasting block distribution in an orebody from sample data is considered. Using frequency distribution and covariance function of sample grades, only the first 2 moments of block grade distribution are accessible. A change of support model is introduced to derive further information. 3 examples of the change of support problem, diffusion process, Ambarzumians process and mosaic process are outlined and 3 plausible change of support models, affine correction, discrete Gaussian model and mosaic model, considered.
894180 Estimation of spatial covariance structures with application to hydrological, hydrochemical, and isotopic data from aquifers: state-of-the-art and adjoint state maximum likelihood crossvalidation methods Samper, F J; Neuman, S P Proc NA TO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in Analytical and Numerical Groundwater Flow and Quality Modelling, Lisbon, 2-6 June 1987 P585-620. Publ Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987 Aquifer parameters, transmissivity, storativity, dispersion, and responses such as hydraulic heads and solute transport show slowly varying properties, describable by deterministic methods, and high frequency fluctuations, which require probabilistic representation. Geostatistical methods for estimation of such parameters from field data are described. The adjoint state maximum likelihood cross validation method is particularly suitable for cases where sampling and measurement errors are not taken into account. The capabilities of these techniques are illustrated with reference to field and synthetically generated data. 894181 Bayesian identification of steady-state (anisotropic) ground water flow models Bastin, G Proc NA TO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in Analytical and Numerical Groundwater Flow and Quality Modelling, Lisbon, 2-6 June 1987 P621-640. Publ Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987 Two Bayesian identification methods to estimate transmissivity functions of steady state flow in a 2D anisotropic unconfined aquifer, taking into account uncertainties in hydraulic head and discharge (recharge) functions, are presented. One is based on the assumption that transmissivity is a random walk field. The other is based on a transmissivity covariance model explicitly computed from the piezometric field covariance. 894182 Corrections for sampling biases in joint surveys: state-of-theart Kulatilake, P H S W Proc 24th Symp on Engineering Geology and Soils Engineering, Coear d'dlene, 29 Feb-2 March 1988 P359-374. Publ Washington: Washington State University, 1988 To model 3-D joint geometry, sample values of joint location, orientation,shape and dimensions are necessary. These are subject to errors due to sampling bias, so corrections must be made before inferences about joint parameter distributions are possible. A review of methods available for correcting joint orientation bias, for bias on joint intensity and for joint trace length and size biases is presented. 25 refs.
1989 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted RMMS 26-3 4--~R.