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On the numerical stability of Leendertse's shallow-water model
OLR (1985)32 (12)
A. PhysicalOceanography
999
85:6950 Tang, Yingwu and Jinquan Xiao, 1984. Averaged sound intensity in leap--layer shallow-water. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 15(6):550-557. (In Chinese, English abstract.)
85:6954 Jankowski, Andrzej and Zygmunt Catewicz, 1984. Characteristics of horizontal macroturbulence due to the currents in the Baltic Sea. Dt. hydrogr. Z., 37(5): 173-200.
The leap-layer is assumed to consist of two isovelocity water-layers. Expressions of the decay law of the averaged sound intensity with range are derived when the source and receiver are in the same isovelocity layer or in two different isovelocity layers, respectively. There is apparent depth-constitution in the leap-layer sound field. Theoretical results agree quite well with the practical data. Inst. of Acoustics, Acad. Sin., Beijing, People's Republic of China.
The following parameters of horizontal turbulence were estimated: components of turbulence intensity, moments of the correlation matrix, horizontal eddy-viscosity coefficients and directions of the extreme exchange in the horizontal plane. Changes in the turbulence parameters, depending upon the temporal scale the measure of which was assumed to be the averaging period of a cosine filter, were analysed. The influence of inertial oscillations upon the magnitudes of horizontal turbulence characteristics was shown.
85:6951 Tolstoy, A., D. Berman, O. Diachok and I. Tolstoy, 1985. An assessment of second-order perturbation theory for scattering of sound by hard, statistically rough surfaces. J. acoust. Soc. Am., 77(6):2074-2080. Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC 20375, USA.
A290. Physical processes, properties (diffusion, turbulence, etc.) 85:6952 Caperan, Philippe, 1985. Measurement of two dimensional spectral energy density in homogeneous M.H.D. turbulence. C. r. .4cad. Sci., Paris, (Srr. II)300(15):715-720. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. de Mecan., B.P. no. 68, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Heres Cedex, France. 85:6953 Gross, T.F. and A.R.M. Nowell, 1985. Spectral scaling in a tidal boundary layer. J. phys. Oceanogr., 15(5):496-508.
The simple scaling of a tidal bottom boundary layer by the shear velocity and the distance to the wall describes well the mean flow field. The scaling of the turbulence spectra by the distance to the wall works only when the ratio of spectral strain rate to the mean shear is large. Under these conditions estimates of shear velocity based on the dissipation derived from the magnitude of the inertial range of the spectra agreed within 10% with estimates from the mean velocity profiles and Reynolds stress. Within the error bounds no effects ascribable to time dependence in the tidal spectra were discerned, hence the simple scaling may be used for higherorder moments. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
85:6955 Staquet, Chantal, Olivier Mrtais and Marcel Lesieur, 1985. Study of the mixing layer and of its coherence from the point of view of twit--dimensional turbulence. C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (Srr. II)300(17):833-838. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. de Mecan. de Grenoble, Domaine univ., BP no 68, 38402, Saint-Martin-d'Heres Cedex, France.
A300. Fluid mechanics 85:6956 Fu, Jia and N.H. Thomas, 1985. Experimental study on the intensification of turbulence in mixed layer by surface waves. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 16(1):28-34. (In Chinese, English abstract.)
Mixing-box experiments demonstrate grid-stirred turbulence can be significantly enhanced in the presence of finite amplitude surface waves which do not break. Interfacial entrainment speeds up to 80% larger than waveless values are measured. Enhancement decreases with increasing submergence of the grid. Results suggest the existence of certain physical processes in which the energy of the surface waves is transformed into the turbulence energy, or equivalently, mixed layer turbulence extracts some of the energy contained in surface waves. Inst. of Mechanics, Acad. Sin., Beijing, People's Republic of China. 85:6957 Lei, Guangyao, 1984. On the numerical stability of Leendertse's shallow-water model. Oceanologia LimnoL sin., 15(5):431-438. (In Chinese, English
I000
OLR (1985) 32 {12)
abstract.) Inst. of Appl. Math., Acad. Sin., Beijing, People's Republic of China. 85:6958 Li, Wei and Ching Jen Chen, 1985. On prediction of characteristics for vertical round buoyant jets in stably linear stratified environment. J. hydraul. Res., 23(2):115-129. Wuhan Inst. of Hydraulic and Elec. Engrg., Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China. 85:6959 Verron, J. and C. Le Provost, 1985. A numerical study of quasi--geostrophic flow over isolated topography. J. Fluid Mech., 154:231-252.
The model is based on the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, where the dissipation terms have been retained. On the f-plane, the ultimate solution is always characterized by a typical vorticity field with an anticyclonic vortex trapped over the topography, but different transient regimes occur, related to the importance of advection versus topography effect. On the fl-plane, and for prograde flows, the situation is complicated by a Rossby wave pattern extending mainly downstream but also having an upstream component corresponding to zonal waves. For retrograde flows the obstacle does not excite Rossby waves but a transient response with zonal waves whose lifetime depends on the nonlinearity. Inst. de Mecan. de Grenoble, France.
B. MARINE METEOROLOGY
BI0. Apparatus and methods 85:6960 Pitari, G. and G. Visconti, 1984. Preliminary results and validation of a 2-D iatmospheric photochemical] model employing a residual circulation formalism. Nuovo Cim., (C)7(6):699-713.
The approach uses a residual mean calculation and a set of eddy diffusion coefficients obtained from a general circulation model of the stratosphere; this reduces the importance of the eddy diffusion coefficients. Results for NO~(NO+NO2), odd hydrogen, HNO3, HCI, and C10 show that predictions are comparable to existing parameterized 2-D model predictions. Dipt. di Fisica, Univ. degli Studi, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
B40. Area studies, surveys, weather 85:6961 Ledrew, E.F., 1985. The dynamic c l ~ t ~ l o g y of the Beaufort to Laptev sea sector of the Polar Basin for the winters of 1975 and 1976. J. Climatol., 5(3):253-272.
NMC grid data is used to examine the relative contributions of advective properties in the regional air flow, and the heating and topographic characteristics of the surface to the total vertical circulation
field. Results are compared with a similar study of the summer period. Dept. of Geogr., Univ of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. (fcs) 85:6962 Yarnal, Brent, 1985. A 500 nab synoptic climatology of Pacific northwest coast winters in relation to climatic variability, 1948-1949 to 1977-1978. J~ Climatol., 5(3):237-252.
Year-to-year changes in the winter climate of the Pacific northwest coast are shown to be associated with fluctuations in synoptic type frequencies. But, as expected, the associations are modified by systematic within-type changes occurring during a specific climatological regime. CIRES, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. (fcs)
1180. Radiation 85:6963 Prasad, K.D. and R.K. Verma, 1985. Large--scale features of satemte-dorlved ~ long-wave radiation in relation to monsoon circulation over the Indian region. J. Climatol., 5(3):297-306.
Because outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) in the tropics is largely modulated by cloudiness, its satellite-derived values are a promising tool for
A. PhysicalOceanography
999
85:6950 Tang, Yingwu and Jinquan Xiao, 1984. Averaged sound intensity in leap--layer shallow-water. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 15(6):550-557. (In Chinese, English abstract.)
85:6954 Jankowski, Andrzej and Zygmunt Catewicz, 1984. Characteristics of horizontal macroturbulence due to the currents in the Baltic Sea. Dt. hydrogr. Z., 37(5): 173-200.
The leap-layer is assumed to consist of two isovelocity water-layers. Expressions of the decay law of the averaged sound intensity with range are derived when the source and receiver are in the same isovelocity layer or in two different isovelocity layers, respectively. There is apparent depth-constitution in the leap-layer sound field. Theoretical results agree quite well with the practical data. Inst. of Acoustics, Acad. Sin., Beijing, People's Republic of China.
The following parameters of horizontal turbulence were estimated: components of turbulence intensity, moments of the correlation matrix, horizontal eddy-viscosity coefficients and directions of the extreme exchange in the horizontal plane. Changes in the turbulence parameters, depending upon the temporal scale the measure of which was assumed to be the averaging period of a cosine filter, were analysed. The influence of inertial oscillations upon the magnitudes of horizontal turbulence characteristics was shown.
85:6951 Tolstoy, A., D. Berman, O. Diachok and I. Tolstoy, 1985. An assessment of second-order perturbation theory for scattering of sound by hard, statistically rough surfaces. J. acoust. Soc. Am., 77(6):2074-2080. Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC 20375, USA.
A290. Physical processes, properties (diffusion, turbulence, etc.) 85:6952 Caperan, Philippe, 1985. Measurement of two dimensional spectral energy density in homogeneous M.H.D. turbulence. C. r. .4cad. Sci., Paris, (Srr. II)300(15):715-720. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. de Mecan., B.P. no. 68, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Heres Cedex, France. 85:6953 Gross, T.F. and A.R.M. Nowell, 1985. Spectral scaling in a tidal boundary layer. J. phys. Oceanogr., 15(5):496-508.
The simple scaling of a tidal bottom boundary layer by the shear velocity and the distance to the wall describes well the mean flow field. The scaling of the turbulence spectra by the distance to the wall works only when the ratio of spectral strain rate to the mean shear is large. Under these conditions estimates of shear velocity based on the dissipation derived from the magnitude of the inertial range of the spectra agreed within 10% with estimates from the mean velocity profiles and Reynolds stress. Within the error bounds no effects ascribable to time dependence in the tidal spectra were discerned, hence the simple scaling may be used for higherorder moments. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
85:6955 Staquet, Chantal, Olivier Mrtais and Marcel Lesieur, 1985. Study of the mixing layer and of its coherence from the point of view of twit--dimensional turbulence. C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (Srr. II)300(17):833-838. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. de Mecan. de Grenoble, Domaine univ., BP no 68, 38402, Saint-Martin-d'Heres Cedex, France.
A300. Fluid mechanics 85:6956 Fu, Jia and N.H. Thomas, 1985. Experimental study on the intensification of turbulence in mixed layer by surface waves. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 16(1):28-34. (In Chinese, English abstract.)
Mixing-box experiments demonstrate grid-stirred turbulence can be significantly enhanced in the presence of finite amplitude surface waves which do not break. Interfacial entrainment speeds up to 80% larger than waveless values are measured. Enhancement decreases with increasing submergence of the grid. Results suggest the existence of certain physical processes in which the energy of the surface waves is transformed into the turbulence energy, or equivalently, mixed layer turbulence extracts some of the energy contained in surface waves. Inst. of Mechanics, Acad. Sin., Beijing, People's Republic of China. 85:6957 Lei, Guangyao, 1984. On the numerical stability of Leendertse's shallow-water model. Oceanologia LimnoL sin., 15(5):431-438. (In Chinese, English
I000
OLR (1985) 32 {12)
abstract.) Inst. of Appl. Math., Acad. Sin., Beijing, People's Republic of China. 85:6958 Li, Wei and Ching Jen Chen, 1985. On prediction of characteristics for vertical round buoyant jets in stably linear stratified environment. J. hydraul. Res., 23(2):115-129. Wuhan Inst. of Hydraulic and Elec. Engrg., Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China. 85:6959 Verron, J. and C. Le Provost, 1985. A numerical study of quasi--geostrophic flow over isolated topography. J. Fluid Mech., 154:231-252.
The model is based on the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, where the dissipation terms have been retained. On the f-plane, the ultimate solution is always characterized by a typical vorticity field with an anticyclonic vortex trapped over the topography, but different transient regimes occur, related to the importance of advection versus topography effect. On the fl-plane, and for prograde flows, the situation is complicated by a Rossby wave pattern extending mainly downstream but also having an upstream component corresponding to zonal waves. For retrograde flows the obstacle does not excite Rossby waves but a transient response with zonal waves whose lifetime depends on the nonlinearity. Inst. de Mecan. de Grenoble, France.
B. MARINE METEOROLOGY
BI0. Apparatus and methods 85:6960 Pitari, G. and G. Visconti, 1984. Preliminary results and validation of a 2-D iatmospheric photochemical] model employing a residual circulation formalism. Nuovo Cim., (C)7(6):699-713.
The approach uses a residual mean calculation and a set of eddy diffusion coefficients obtained from a general circulation model of the stratosphere; this reduces the importance of the eddy diffusion coefficients. Results for NO~(NO+NO2), odd hydrogen, HNO3, HCI, and C10 show that predictions are comparable to existing parameterized 2-D model predictions. Dipt. di Fisica, Univ. degli Studi, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
B40. Area studies, surveys, weather 85:6961 Ledrew, E.F., 1985. The dynamic c l ~ t ~ l o g y of the Beaufort to Laptev sea sector of the Polar Basin for the winters of 1975 and 1976. J. Climatol., 5(3):253-272.
NMC grid data is used to examine the relative contributions of advective properties in the regional air flow, and the heating and topographic characteristics of the surface to the total vertical circulation
field. Results are compared with a similar study of the summer period. Dept. of Geogr., Univ of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. (fcs) 85:6962 Yarnal, Brent, 1985. A 500 nab synoptic climatology of Pacific northwest coast winters in relation to climatic variability, 1948-1949 to 1977-1978. J~ Climatol., 5(3):237-252.
Year-to-year changes in the winter climate of the Pacific northwest coast are shown to be associated with fluctuations in synoptic type frequencies. But, as expected, the associations are modified by systematic within-type changes occurring during a specific climatological regime. CIRES, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. (fcs)
1180. Radiation 85:6963 Prasad, K.D. and R.K. Verma, 1985. Large--scale features of satemte-dorlved ~ long-wave radiation in relation to monsoon circulation over the Indian region. J. Climatol., 5(3):297-306.
Because outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) in the tropics is largely modulated by cloudiness, its satellite-derived values are a promising tool for