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One Hundred Fifty-Five Years Ago in Spine
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diminish complications. In experienced hands and with the proper precautions, SLNBs have an acceptably low incidence of complications. Acknowledgments We would like to offer our sincere thanks to Tom Pilgram for his expert assistance in the analysis and presentation of our data. References [1] Narozny M, Zanetti M, Boos N. Therapeutic efficacy of selective nerve root blocks in the treatment of lumbar radicular leg pain. Swiss Med Wkly 2001;131:75–80. [2] Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula LA, et al. The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Bone Joint Surg 2000;82-A:1589–93. [3] Saal JS. The role of inflammation in lumbar pain. Spine 1995;20:1821–7. [4] Franson RC, Saal JS, Saal JA. Human Disc Phospholipase A2 is inflammatory. Spine 1992;17(6 Suppl.):S129–32.
One Hundred Fifty-Five Years Ago in Spine In 1850, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz [1] announced his method of measuring the velocity of a nerve impulse. By using a pendulummyograph of his own invention and a galvanometer,
[5] Botwin KP, Gruber RD, Bouchlas CG, Torres-Ramos FM, Freeman TL, Slaten WK. Complications of fluoroscopically guided transforaminal lumbar epidural injections. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:1045–50. [6] Houten JK, Errico TJ. Paraplegia after lumbosacral nerve root block: report of three cases. Spine J 2002;2:70–5. [7] Hooten WM, Kinney MO, Huntoon MA. Epidural abscess and meningitis after epidural corticosteroid injection. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2004;79:682–6. [8] Johnson BA, Schellhas KP, Pollei SR. Epidurography and therapeutic epidural injections: technical considerations and experience with 5334 cases. Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:697–705. [9] Pfirrmann CW, Oberholzer PA, Zanetti M, et al. Selective nerve root blocks for the treatment of sciatica: evaluation of injection site and effectiveness: a study with patients and cadavers. Radiology 2001;221:704–11. [10] Cluff R, Mehio A-K, Cohen SP, Chang Y, Sang CN, Stojanovic MP. The technical aspects of epidural steroid injections: a national survey. Anesth Analg 2002;94:403–8. [11] Kaplan PA, Dussault RG. Image-guided selective nerve blocks in the spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 1997;1:2. [12] Pauza K, Bogduk N. Lumbar transforaminal injection of corticosteroids. Int Spine Inject Society 2003;4:4–20.
he measured the time from nerve stimulation to muscle contraction. Trained as a surgeon in the Prussian Army, during most of his career von Helmholtz devoted his efforts to experimental physiology. He was successively professor of physiology and pathology at Ko¨nigsberg, anatomy and physiology at Bonn, physiology at Heidelberg and physics at Berlin.
Reference [1] Von Helmholtz HLF. Vorla¨ufiger Bericht u¨ber die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit der Nervenreizung. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 1850;71–3.
S.T. Stalcup / The Spine Journal 6 (2006) 170–176
diminish complications. In experienced hands and with the proper precautions, SLNBs have an acceptably low incidence of complications. Acknowledgments We would like to offer our sincere thanks to Tom Pilgram for his expert assistance in the analysis and presentation of our data. References [1] Narozny M, Zanetti M, Boos N. Therapeutic efficacy of selective nerve root blocks in the treatment of lumbar radicular leg pain. Swiss Med Wkly 2001;131:75–80. [2] Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula LA, et al. The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Bone Joint Surg 2000;82-A:1589–93. [3] Saal JS. The role of inflammation in lumbar pain. Spine 1995;20:1821–7. [4] Franson RC, Saal JS, Saal JA. Human Disc Phospholipase A2 is inflammatory. Spine 1992;17(6 Suppl.):S129–32.
One Hundred Fifty-Five Years Ago in Spine In 1850, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz [1] announced his method of measuring the velocity of a nerve impulse. By using a pendulummyograph of his own invention and a galvanometer,
[5] Botwin KP, Gruber RD, Bouchlas CG, Torres-Ramos FM, Freeman TL, Slaten WK. Complications of fluoroscopically guided transforaminal lumbar epidural injections. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:1045–50. [6] Houten JK, Errico TJ. Paraplegia after lumbosacral nerve root block: report of three cases. Spine J 2002;2:70–5. [7] Hooten WM, Kinney MO, Huntoon MA. Epidural abscess and meningitis after epidural corticosteroid injection. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2004;79:682–6. [8] Johnson BA, Schellhas KP, Pollei SR. Epidurography and therapeutic epidural injections: technical considerations and experience with 5334 cases. Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:697–705. [9] Pfirrmann CW, Oberholzer PA, Zanetti M, et al. Selective nerve root blocks for the treatment of sciatica: evaluation of injection site and effectiveness: a study with patients and cadavers. Radiology 2001;221:704–11. [10] Cluff R, Mehio A-K, Cohen SP, Chang Y, Sang CN, Stojanovic MP. The technical aspects of epidural steroid injections: a national survey. Anesth Analg 2002;94:403–8. [11] Kaplan PA, Dussault RG. Image-guided selective nerve blocks in the spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 1997;1:2. [12] Pauza K, Bogduk N. Lumbar transforaminal injection of corticosteroids. Int Spine Inject Society 2003;4:4–20.
he measured the time from nerve stimulation to muscle contraction. Trained as a surgeon in the Prussian Army, during most of his career von Helmholtz devoted his efforts to experimental physiology. He was successively professor of physiology and pathology at Ko¨nigsberg, anatomy and physiology at Bonn, physiology at Heidelberg and physics at Berlin.
Reference [1] Von Helmholtz HLF. Vorla¨ufiger Bericht u¨ber die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit der Nervenreizung. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 1850;71–3.