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Ontogenesis of the cerebellofugal projection in the rat
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OF SUBSTANCE P I N THE MONKEY CEREBRAL CORTEX: AN I M M U N O H I S T O C H E M I C A L AKIKO YAMASHITA ~ MOTOHARU HAYASHI~ KEIKO SHIMIZU AND KIYOSHI OSHIMA Department of Physiology, Primate Research Institute~ Kyoto University~ Kanrin~ Inuyama~ Aichi 484~ Japan. To investigate the role of neuropeptides in neural development, we studied the distribution pattern of substance P (SP)-immunoreactive structures in the macaque monkey cerebral cortex at embryonic day 120 (E120), E140, newborn, postnatal day 30 (P30), P60 and adult stages using an ABC immunohistochemical method. The SP-immunoreactive cells and fibers were observed throughout all stages. The number of immunoreactive cells increased until the newborn stage. At E140 and newborn stages, we observed intense concentrations of immunoreactive cells in the lower layers. After those stages, the cell number decreased and reached the adult level at P60. Among various areas, there existed slight differences in the distribution patterns of the immunoreactive cells. In the occipital cortex, the cell numbers were small and there were little changes during development. The largest number of immunoreactive cells were observed in the temporal cortex. In the previous study, we have also observed transient increases in concentration and in cell number of somatostatin at near-term period. Some neuropeptides, including substance P and somatostatin, may be involved in the development of monkey cerebral cortex. ONTOGENY STUDY.
ONTOGENESIS OF THE C E R E B E L L O F U G A L PROJECTION IN THE RAT. SABURO KAWAGUCHI, M I Y A H I K O MURATA*, AND YASUO KURIMOTO*, Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan. Ontogenesis of the cerebellofugal projection was studied in the rat by the tract tracing m e t h o d and recording the c e r e b e l l a r - i n d u c e d cerebral response. At various ages ranging f r o m e m b r y o to adult, the projection was labeled a n t e r o g r a d e l y with wheat g e r m a g g l u t i n i n - c o n j u g a t e d horseradish peroxidase that was injected into the c e r e b e l l u m under deep anesthesia. Thus, the projection was found to begin entering the b r a i n s t e m at e m b y o n i c d a y 17 (El7) a n d to r e a c h the m o s t r o s t r a l p a r t of the thalamus a l r e a d y by El8, d i s t r i b u t i n g dense terminals to various b r a i n s t e m and t h a l a m i c nuclei. The course and t e r m i n a t i o n of this p r o j e c t i o n at El8 w e r e largely s i m i l a r to, but partly different from those in the adult. T e r m i n a l s present in the i n t e r p e d u c u l a r nucleus and basal ganglia at El8 regressed and disappeared during ontogenesis, w h e r e a s the recrossed ipsilateral p r o j e c t i o n to the thalamus which w e r e absent at El8 developed postnatally. Then, the adult pattern of the p r o j e c t i o n w a s a c h i e v e d by 3 to 4 w e e k s of age. S t i m u l a t i o n of the c e r e b e l l a r nuclei under a m o d e r a t e level of chloral hydrate anesthesia could induce a surface negative, depth positive wave in the cerebral cortex as early as 2 days postpartum. While the w a v e f o r m of response r e m a i n e d unchanged during development, the latency of r e s p o n s e d e c r e a s e d m a r k e d l y w i t h age, f r o m 5 0 - 6 0 ms in a 2 - d a y - o l d p u p to 4-5 ms in adult rats.
REG h;ES.i ] VE ::i3 EE f,'.,.':T ? R O J E C T ] ,LXS ;X THE DKV K L O [ i " guggests the EPSPs lesul t f~om the ,,~)Fphulogica! ly dem.nstrated fibers. The present results tmpiy that aberrant projec'..;on.~ may ex;st fur compensating in part for tunctJunal loss due to, e. g., injury nf normal projections.
OF SUBSTANCE P I N THE MONKEY CEREBRAL CORTEX: AN I M M U N O H I S T O C H E M I C A L AKIKO YAMASHITA ~ MOTOHARU HAYASHI~ KEIKO SHIMIZU AND KIYOSHI OSHIMA Department of Physiology, Primate Research Institute~ Kyoto University~ Kanrin~ Inuyama~ Aichi 484~ Japan. To investigate the role of neuropeptides in neural development, we studied the distribution pattern of substance P (SP)-immunoreactive structures in the macaque monkey cerebral cortex at embryonic day 120 (E120), E140, newborn, postnatal day 30 (P30), P60 and adult stages using an ABC immunohistochemical method. The SP-immunoreactive cells and fibers were observed throughout all stages. The number of immunoreactive cells increased until the newborn stage. At E140 and newborn stages, we observed intense concentrations of immunoreactive cells in the lower layers. After those stages, the cell number decreased and reached the adult level at P60. Among various areas, there existed slight differences in the distribution patterns of the immunoreactive cells. In the occipital cortex, the cell numbers were small and there were little changes during development. The largest number of immunoreactive cells were observed in the temporal cortex. In the previous study, we have also observed transient increases in concentration and in cell number of somatostatin at near-term period. Some neuropeptides, including substance P and somatostatin, may be involved in the development of monkey cerebral cortex. ONTOGENY STUDY.
ONTOGENESIS OF THE C E R E B E L L O F U G A L PROJECTION IN THE RAT. SABURO KAWAGUCHI, M I Y A H I K O MURATA*, AND YASUO KURIMOTO*, Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan. Ontogenesis of the cerebellofugal projection was studied in the rat by the tract tracing m e t h o d and recording the c e r e b e l l a r - i n d u c e d cerebral response. At various ages ranging f r o m e m b r y o to adult, the projection was labeled a n t e r o g r a d e l y with wheat g e r m a g g l u t i n i n - c o n j u g a t e d horseradish peroxidase that was injected into the c e r e b e l l u m under deep anesthesia. Thus, the projection was found to begin entering the b r a i n s t e m at e m b y o n i c d a y 17 (El7) a n d to r e a c h the m o s t r o s t r a l p a r t of the thalamus a l r e a d y by El8, d i s t r i b u t i n g dense terminals to various b r a i n s t e m and t h a l a m i c nuclei. The course and t e r m i n a t i o n of this p r o j e c t i o n at El8 w e r e largely s i m i l a r to, but partly different from those in the adult. T e r m i n a l s present in the i n t e r p e d u c u l a r nucleus and basal ganglia at El8 regressed and disappeared during ontogenesis, w h e r e a s the recrossed ipsilateral p r o j e c t i o n to the thalamus which w e r e absent at El8 developed postnatally. Then, the adult pattern of the p r o j e c t i o n w a s a c h i e v e d by 3 to 4 w e e k s of age. S t i m u l a t i o n of the c e r e b e l l a r nuclei under a m o d e r a t e level of chloral hydrate anesthesia could induce a surface negative, depth positive wave in the cerebral cortex as early as 2 days postpartum. While the w a v e f o r m of response r e m a i n e d unchanged during development, the latency of r e s p o n s e d e c r e a s e d m a r k e d l y w i t h age, f r o m 5 0 - 6 0 ms in a 2 - d a y - o l d p u p to 4-5 ms in adult rats.
REG h;ES.i ] VE ::i3 EE f,'.,.':T ? R O J E C T ] ,LXS ;X THE DKV K L O [ i "