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Open stope design under adverse rock mechanical conditions at Pyhasalmi mine
64A 921496 Shaft insets in deep Polish coal mines Bil. M; Duszynski, J: Szczyrba, H Min Mag April 1991. P208-212 In the Lublin coalfield it is necessary to design and construct shaft linings and insets at depths 800-1000m in weak rocks. Large diameter shafts are used for efficiency and convenience of mining. Inset life must equal the projected life of the mine so that no reinforcement or remedial work will be required. Typical geological conditions are described. Design of shaft insets is illustrated. Shaft work and inset construction are discussed.
921497 Introduction to geological aspects of methane occurrence and control in British deep coal mines Creedy, D P Q J Engng Geol V24, N2. 1991, P209-220 The gas-bearing properties of coal are outlined. Petrographic effects and the measurement of seam gas pressure are described. Quantification of seam gas content is considered. Seam gas content models based on trend surface and geostatistical approaches are presented. Regional gas content variations for the East Midlands coalfield are illustrated. Gas emission in coal mines, its control, and its constraint on coal production are discussed. Gas problems can be overcome with proper planning and application of geological knowledge.
921498 Weltevreden mine incline shaft: design and construction Specrs. C R S Aft Min World VIO, N4, May 1991, P48-56 An inclined shaft consisting of open cut, wide span tunnel, and twin sections was constructed for the Weltevreden gold mine in South Africa. The rock is andesite, heavily weathered at the surface. Ripping removed the top 8-9m of rock, after which blasting was necessary. Bolt support for the wide tunnel was initially by Q/NATM methods, but measured convergence rates indicated this was inadequate and extra bolts were used. The twin tunnels used bolts only in the roofs. Previous experience of driving large span tunnels in poor quality rock was taken into account at all stages.
921499 Geotechnicai design of mine shafts Sadaghiani, M H; Bieniawski, Z T Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st US Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P823-830. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1990 Most shafts are constructed on the basis of precedent practice. One reason for this is lack of established design criteria for delineation of the disturbed (yielded or fractured) rock zone, DRZ. Determination of stress distribution and DRZ for round and rectangular shafts is discussed. In a study of empirical design methods, adjustment of the RMR system to include effects of discontinuity orientation and induced stresses on shaft structures is examined. A general procedure for support design is presented.
921500 Open stope design under adverse rock mechanical condition at Pyhasaimi Mine Antikainen, J Rock ,~4echanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st L'S Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P1013-1018. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Pyhasalmi mine has a strong stiff orebody surrounded by weak country rock and horizontal in situ stress of 30-70 MPa. Open stoping with large stopes for high productivity, but low dilution for economy, is employed. Numerical modelling using the finite difference code FLAC with input data from laboratory testing and back analysis is used in design. Stress control by sequential stoping, yielding pillars, and slot stopes, together with reinforcement by bolts, shotcrete, and cable bolts, is used. The 'mandolin' design of cable bolts, capable of tolerating large displacements, has been found effective 921501 Theoretical and practical aspects of the lining of shafts sunk in the Carpathian Nappe in Czechoslovakia Rakowski, Z; Zamarski, B Strata Control in Deep Alines: Proc llth Plenary Scientific Session o f the International Bureau of Strata Mechanics, World Mining Congress, Novosibirsk, 5-9 June 1989 P161166. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1990 During shaft sinking at the Frenstal mine in 1985, a [50m section of one shaft, in the highly tectonically disturbed nappe rock, collapsed. Problems in design of remedial measures resulted from difficulty in sampling and testing the rock to establish design parameters, and in uncertainty in the nature of the in situ stress field in the mountainous area. The standard concrete lining was not thought adequate for the fractured rock with its time dependent deformation, and a double skinned lining of concrete blocks and inner reinforced concrete was employed. 92 i 502 Overview of current mineral exploration, development and production in Alaska Green, C B; Bundtzcn, T K Proc Ist International Symposium on Alining in the Arctic, Fairbanks, 17-19 July 1989 P205-209. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema. 1989 The year 1988 saw a significant increase in both exploration and mining activities. The areas most affected were gold and coal mining. While most of these changes could be accredited to changes in the governmental and mining regulations in the area, technical innovations were also as important. There has been extensive development work at several mining locations. Details of several operations, including dredging and open pit methods, are presented. 921503 Drift mining at Tenderfoot Creek Groppel, C; Madonna, J A Proc Ist International Symposium on Mining in the Arctic, Fairbanks, 17-19 July 1989 P211-215. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema. 1989 Drift mining at Tenderfoot Creek in Alaska dates back to the 1900s-1930s. The current mining, however, did not start until 1987. The method utilises heated water to thaw the face. As the thawed face is left to set,work must be commenced at a different working face. The decomposed rock blocks are usually mucked and transported by wheelbarrows to the hoisting bucket. Comparisons of drift mining with open pit mining are presented.
~ 1992 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
921497 Introduction to geological aspects of methane occurrence and control in British deep coal mines Creedy, D P Q J Engng Geol V24, N2. 1991, P209-220 The gas-bearing properties of coal are outlined. Petrographic effects and the measurement of seam gas pressure are described. Quantification of seam gas content is considered. Seam gas content models based on trend surface and geostatistical approaches are presented. Regional gas content variations for the East Midlands coalfield are illustrated. Gas emission in coal mines, its control, and its constraint on coal production are discussed. Gas problems can be overcome with proper planning and application of geological knowledge.
921498 Weltevreden mine incline shaft: design and construction Specrs. C R S Aft Min World VIO, N4, May 1991, P48-56 An inclined shaft consisting of open cut, wide span tunnel, and twin sections was constructed for the Weltevreden gold mine in South Africa. The rock is andesite, heavily weathered at the surface. Ripping removed the top 8-9m of rock, after which blasting was necessary. Bolt support for the wide tunnel was initially by Q/NATM methods, but measured convergence rates indicated this was inadequate and extra bolts were used. The twin tunnels used bolts only in the roofs. Previous experience of driving large span tunnels in poor quality rock was taken into account at all stages.
921499 Geotechnicai design of mine shafts Sadaghiani, M H; Bieniawski, Z T Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st US Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P823-830. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1990 Most shafts are constructed on the basis of precedent practice. One reason for this is lack of established design criteria for delineation of the disturbed (yielded or fractured) rock zone, DRZ. Determination of stress distribution and DRZ for round and rectangular shafts is discussed. In a study of empirical design methods, adjustment of the RMR system to include effects of discontinuity orientation and induced stresses on shaft structures is examined. A general procedure for support design is presented.
921500 Open stope design under adverse rock mechanical condition at Pyhasaimi Mine Antikainen, J Rock ,~4echanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st L'S Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P1013-1018. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Pyhasalmi mine has a strong stiff orebody surrounded by weak country rock and horizontal in situ stress of 30-70 MPa. Open stoping with large stopes for high productivity, but low dilution for economy, is employed. Numerical modelling using the finite difference code FLAC with input data from laboratory testing and back analysis is used in design. Stress control by sequential stoping, yielding pillars, and slot stopes, together with reinforcement by bolts, shotcrete, and cable bolts, is used. The 'mandolin' design of cable bolts, capable of tolerating large displacements, has been found effective 921501 Theoretical and practical aspects of the lining of shafts sunk in the Carpathian Nappe in Czechoslovakia Rakowski, Z; Zamarski, B Strata Control in Deep Alines: Proc llth Plenary Scientific Session o f the International Bureau of Strata Mechanics, World Mining Congress, Novosibirsk, 5-9 June 1989 P161166. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1990 During shaft sinking at the Frenstal mine in 1985, a [50m section of one shaft, in the highly tectonically disturbed nappe rock, collapsed. Problems in design of remedial measures resulted from difficulty in sampling and testing the rock to establish design parameters, and in uncertainty in the nature of the in situ stress field in the mountainous area. The standard concrete lining was not thought adequate for the fractured rock with its time dependent deformation, and a double skinned lining of concrete blocks and inner reinforced concrete was employed. 92 i 502 Overview of current mineral exploration, development and production in Alaska Green, C B; Bundtzcn, T K Proc Ist International Symposium on Alining in the Arctic, Fairbanks, 17-19 July 1989 P205-209. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema. 1989 The year 1988 saw a significant increase in both exploration and mining activities. The areas most affected were gold and coal mining. While most of these changes could be accredited to changes in the governmental and mining regulations in the area, technical innovations were also as important. There has been extensive development work at several mining locations. Details of several operations, including dredging and open pit methods, are presented. 921503 Drift mining at Tenderfoot Creek Groppel, C; Madonna, J A Proc Ist International Symposium on Mining in the Arctic, Fairbanks, 17-19 July 1989 P211-215. Publ Rotterdam. A A Balkema. 1989 Drift mining at Tenderfoot Creek in Alaska dates back to the 1900s-1930s. The current mining, however, did not start until 1987. The method utilises heated water to thaw the face. As the thawed face is left to set,work must be commenced at a different working face. The decomposed rock blocks are usually mucked and transported by wheelbarrows to the hoisting bucket. Comparisons of drift mining with open pit mining are presented.
~ 1992 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted