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Opioids and the immune system
S257 MODULATION BEHAVIOR
OF THALAMIC AND CORTICAL,
ACFMTY
DURING
490
Topical
Wed
3:30
Chairman: Kenneth L. Casey, MD, Dept. of Neurology, Univ. of Michigan and Neurology Research Laboratories, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Participants: Catherine Bushnell, Dept. de Stomatologie, Faculte de Medecine Dentaire, Montreal, PQ, Canada D.R. Kenshalo. Jr,, Neurobiology and Anesthesiology Branch, NIDR-NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Recent clinical and animal nemophysiological findings have provided evidence that the spontaneous activity and somatically evoked responses of thalamic and cortical neurons are strongly modulated in correlation with different behaviors and changes in behavioral state. Studying the mechanisms mediating these modulations should improve our understanding of how behavioral factors may influence pain and other sensory functions. In this seminar, Dan Kenshalo will discuss the evidence for the modulation of cortical neuronal responses in relation to specific behavioral states in the awake monkey. Cathy Bushnell will show the types of changes that occur in the sensory responses of single thalamic neurons during shifts in attentional state and arousal in the monkey. Ken Casey will present data from human studies showing arousal and attentionally related changes in the amplitude of scalp,vertex thalamocortical potential evoked by cutaneous stimulation with an infrared laser. Following these brief (10 min.) presentations, the speakers and the audience will participate in (nearly) unbridled discussion of (mostly) relevant issues.
OPIOIDS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Chairman: A.E. Panerai, Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Milan0 School of Medicine, Milano, Italy Participants: C ramesc hi Chair of Immunology, Univ. of Modena, Modena, Italy i. iharp, Dept. of Medicine, Hermepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN USA . Sacerdote, Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Milan0 School of Medicine, Milano, Italy A relation between behavior and immune responses has been known for a long time, but only recently experimental data have come to substantiate this knowledge. A Central Nervous System - Immune System axis exists and is bidirectional: CNS modulates some immune functions and the immune system modulates some CNS mediated effects like temperature, eating behavior and pain. Opiates and opioids play a pivotal role in this reciprocal modulation. Opioid peptides and exogenous opiates modulate chemotaxis of monocytes, proliferation of lymphocytes, natural killer activity, antibody production both in vivo and in vitro. The site of action of opiates and opioids is both central and peripheral, and is mediated both by the classically recognized mu opiate receptor and inhibited by naloxone, or by a previously unknown receptor that recognizes the C-terminal of endogenous opioids and is not inhibited by naloxone. On the other hand, immunocytes synthesize opioid peptides, have opiate receptors, and induce the synthesis of opioid peptides in the pituitary through the action of lymphokines. For some lymphokines, a possible binding to the opiate receptor has also been suggested. The three presentations will offer an overview of: (1) experimental evidence of the effects of opiates and opioids on the immune system (Franceschi); (2) clinical evidence of the effects of opiates on the immune system (Sharp); (3) evidence that psychoactive drugs used in pain therapy can also interfere with the immune system, directly or through the modulation of endogenous opioids. The discussion will be oriented to the practical, therapeutical, and toxicological implications of this new knowledge.
OF THALAMIC AND CORTICAL,
ACFMTY
DURING
490
Topical
Wed
3:30
Chairman: Kenneth L. Casey, MD, Dept. of Neurology, Univ. of Michigan and Neurology Research Laboratories, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Participants: Catherine Bushnell, Dept. de Stomatologie, Faculte de Medecine Dentaire, Montreal, PQ, Canada D.R. Kenshalo. Jr,, Neurobiology and Anesthesiology Branch, NIDR-NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Recent clinical and animal nemophysiological findings have provided evidence that the spontaneous activity and somatically evoked responses of thalamic and cortical neurons are strongly modulated in correlation with different behaviors and changes in behavioral state. Studying the mechanisms mediating these modulations should improve our understanding of how behavioral factors may influence pain and other sensory functions. In this seminar, Dan Kenshalo will discuss the evidence for the modulation of cortical neuronal responses in relation to specific behavioral states in the awake monkey. Cathy Bushnell will show the types of changes that occur in the sensory responses of single thalamic neurons during shifts in attentional state and arousal in the monkey. Ken Casey will present data from human studies showing arousal and attentionally related changes in the amplitude of scalp,vertex thalamocortical potential evoked by cutaneous stimulation with an infrared laser. Following these brief (10 min.) presentations, the speakers and the audience will participate in (nearly) unbridled discussion of (mostly) relevant issues.
OPIOIDS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Chairman: A.E. Panerai, Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Milan0 School of Medicine, Milano, Italy Participants: C ramesc hi Chair of Immunology, Univ. of Modena, Modena, Italy i. iharp, Dept. of Medicine, Hermepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN USA . Sacerdote, Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Milan0 School of Medicine, Milano, Italy A relation between behavior and immune responses has been known for a long time, but only recently experimental data have come to substantiate this knowledge. A Central Nervous System - Immune System axis exists and is bidirectional: CNS modulates some immune functions and the immune system modulates some CNS mediated effects like temperature, eating behavior and pain. Opiates and opioids play a pivotal role in this reciprocal modulation. Opioid peptides and exogenous opiates modulate chemotaxis of monocytes, proliferation of lymphocytes, natural killer activity, antibody production both in vivo and in vitro. The site of action of opiates and opioids is both central and peripheral, and is mediated both by the classically recognized mu opiate receptor and inhibited by naloxone, or by a previously unknown receptor that recognizes the C-terminal of endogenous opioids and is not inhibited by naloxone. On the other hand, immunocytes synthesize opioid peptides, have opiate receptors, and induce the synthesis of opioid peptides in the pituitary through the action of lymphokines. For some lymphokines, a possible binding to the opiate receptor has also been suggested. The three presentations will offer an overview of: (1) experimental evidence of the effects of opiates and opioids on the immune system (Franceschi); (2) clinical evidence of the effects of opiates on the immune system (Sharp); (3) evidence that psychoactive drugs used in pain therapy can also interfere with the immune system, directly or through the modulation of endogenous opioids. The discussion will be oriented to the practical, therapeutical, and toxicological implications of this new knowledge.