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Orapa plant moves into the pit
l18A 873263 Finite element calculation and experimentings on the SaxeGambetta Station Monnet, J; Kastner, R; Lareal, P; Bouyat, C Proc 5th International Conference on Numerical Methods in
Geomechanics, Nagoya, 1-5 April 1985 V2, P747-753. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 Measurements of displacement, bending moment and state of the ground have been made at a diaphragm wall at SaxeGambetta Metro Station, Lyons, France. Experimental results are compared with calculations made using Winkler's hypothesis and a finite element analysis using an elastic-work hardening constitutive law and requiring only five soil parameters. The limitations of the Winkler analysis as compared to the finite element method are demonstrated. Differences between measured and Winkler analysis results are mainly due to neglect of the tangential contact stresses between soil and wall in the latter case. The finite element calculation with a frictional contact law gives better results. 873264 Analysis of earth pressure problems considering the influence of waft friction and wall deflection Nakai, T Proc 5th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Nagoya, 1-5 April 1985 V2, P765-772. Publ Rotterdam." A. A. Balkema, 1985 A finite element analysis procedure is presented for the calculation of earth pressure around a retaining wall, which takes into account wall friction, mode of wall deflection, and the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil. Wall-soil frictional behaviour is described using an elastoplastic joint element. Active and passive earth pressures are analysed using a soil constitutive model based on an extended concept of the Spatial Mobilized Plane and the elastoplastic joint element. Results compare well with those obtained from theories of plastic equilibrium or empirical methods. 873265 Finite element analysis for retaining structure with anchor slabs Zhang, Z S
Proc 5th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Nagoya, 1-5 April 1985 V2, P797-803. Publ Rotterdam." A. A. Balkema, 1985 Retaining walls with tie bars and anchor slabs in backfill have been used as prefabricated and assembled units in China since 1974. A method of calculating the ultimate carrying capacity of the anchor slabs by finite element analysis is presented. Field observation of wall deflection and anchor slab capacity is in reasonable agreement with predicted values. An analysis of a bridge abutment with anchor slabs is also presented.
as (2), but using temporary cross pit ramps to reduce haulage distance. It is assumed that the overburden requires drilling and blasting before stripping. Costs are examined for depths of 30, 40, 50 and 60m. Draglines are clearly most efficient for depths up to 30m, but at greater depths mine planners should consider the alternative methods examined here, and others not discussed. 873267 Future overburden stripping at C.D.M. Button, M A J Proc 2nd Group Mining Symposium, Johannesburg, Sept 1985 Pl-12. Publ Johannesburg: Anglo American Corporation, 1985 At the CDM diamond mining operation, South Africa, the overburden of marine sand, semi-cemented red sand and sandstone is removed mainly by tractor scrapers v~ith push-dozers or moving belt loaders. The sandstone must be ripped or blasted before removal. Stripping accounts for 38% of direct mining costs and 42% of capital investment in earth moving machinery. Economic analysis suggests that where seepage water is available as a transporting fluid, dredging or hydraulic mining should be used. Bucket wheel excavators are the next cheapest option. These methods can handle most of the soft overburden. They produce cost savings but impose restrictions on mine planning. 873268 Orapa plant moves into the pit Bentley, R W J; Vasey, J
Proc 2nd Group Mining Symposium, Johannesburg, Sept 1985 P35-43. Publ Johannesburg: Anglo American Corporation, 1985 The Orapa diamond mine lies in a large kimberlite funnel in Botswana. Exploitation methods from start-up (1969) to the present are described, and forecasts into the future are made. The current truck haulage is expected to be replaced by in-pit crushing and conveyor haulage (late 1980s) then continuous miners (mid 1990s). Drill and blast will still be required to fracture rock. Around this time a transition to underground working will be made, with longwall post pillar mining employed. Plant, filling, and rock mechanics aspects are considered.
Influence of dynamic loads 873269 Influence of earthquakes Glass, C E In: Design of Non-Impounding Waste Dumps, edited by M K
MeCarter P121-132. Publ New York: AIME, 1985
Construction methods 873266 Economic exploitation of deep coal seams by opencast methods Brett, M T; Brown, N R Proc 13th Congress of the Council of Mining and Metallurgical Institutions, Singapore, 11-16 May 1986 V3, Pl13-125. Publ Parkville: CMMI/AIMM, 1986
An idealistic comparison is made of the costs of overburden removal for deep open pit mines using the following methods: (1) draglines only; (2) draglines plus truck and shovel; and (3)
For mining operations, economic consequence of failure is one of the most important factors in embankment design. Design must take into account earthquake hazard, ground motion characteristics, and dynamic stability. Several analysis techniques have been evaluated. Conventional pseudostatic slope stability analyses are seen to be inappropriate for dynamic analysis. Techniques should incorporate embankment response, earthquake motion characteristics, and roughness of the failure plane, and provide slide mass and displacementtime history as output. Two techniques are found to be satisfactory. The LADRS technique (Glass, 1981) is recommended for versatility and simplicity.
© 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
Geomechanics, Nagoya, 1-5 April 1985 V2, P747-753. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 Measurements of displacement, bending moment and state of the ground have been made at a diaphragm wall at SaxeGambetta Metro Station, Lyons, France. Experimental results are compared with calculations made using Winkler's hypothesis and a finite element analysis using an elastic-work hardening constitutive law and requiring only five soil parameters. The limitations of the Winkler analysis as compared to the finite element method are demonstrated. Differences between measured and Winkler analysis results are mainly due to neglect of the tangential contact stresses between soil and wall in the latter case. The finite element calculation with a frictional contact law gives better results. 873264 Analysis of earth pressure problems considering the influence of waft friction and wall deflection Nakai, T Proc 5th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Nagoya, 1-5 April 1985 V2, P765-772. Publ Rotterdam." A. A. Balkema, 1985 A finite element analysis procedure is presented for the calculation of earth pressure around a retaining wall, which takes into account wall friction, mode of wall deflection, and the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil. Wall-soil frictional behaviour is described using an elastoplastic joint element. Active and passive earth pressures are analysed using a soil constitutive model based on an extended concept of the Spatial Mobilized Plane and the elastoplastic joint element. Results compare well with those obtained from theories of plastic equilibrium or empirical methods. 873265 Finite element analysis for retaining structure with anchor slabs Zhang, Z S
Proc 5th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Nagoya, 1-5 April 1985 V2, P797-803. Publ Rotterdam." A. A. Balkema, 1985 Retaining walls with tie bars and anchor slabs in backfill have been used as prefabricated and assembled units in China since 1974. A method of calculating the ultimate carrying capacity of the anchor slabs by finite element analysis is presented. Field observation of wall deflection and anchor slab capacity is in reasonable agreement with predicted values. An analysis of a bridge abutment with anchor slabs is also presented.
as (2), but using temporary cross pit ramps to reduce haulage distance. It is assumed that the overburden requires drilling and blasting before stripping. Costs are examined for depths of 30, 40, 50 and 60m. Draglines are clearly most efficient for depths up to 30m, but at greater depths mine planners should consider the alternative methods examined here, and others not discussed. 873267 Future overburden stripping at C.D.M. Button, M A J Proc 2nd Group Mining Symposium, Johannesburg, Sept 1985 Pl-12. Publ Johannesburg: Anglo American Corporation, 1985 At the CDM diamond mining operation, South Africa, the overburden of marine sand, semi-cemented red sand and sandstone is removed mainly by tractor scrapers v~ith push-dozers or moving belt loaders. The sandstone must be ripped or blasted before removal. Stripping accounts for 38% of direct mining costs and 42% of capital investment in earth moving machinery. Economic analysis suggests that where seepage water is available as a transporting fluid, dredging or hydraulic mining should be used. Bucket wheel excavators are the next cheapest option. These methods can handle most of the soft overburden. They produce cost savings but impose restrictions on mine planning. 873268 Orapa plant moves into the pit Bentley, R W J; Vasey, J
Proc 2nd Group Mining Symposium, Johannesburg, Sept 1985 P35-43. Publ Johannesburg: Anglo American Corporation, 1985 The Orapa diamond mine lies in a large kimberlite funnel in Botswana. Exploitation methods from start-up (1969) to the present are described, and forecasts into the future are made. The current truck haulage is expected to be replaced by in-pit crushing and conveyor haulage (late 1980s) then continuous miners (mid 1990s). Drill and blast will still be required to fracture rock. Around this time a transition to underground working will be made, with longwall post pillar mining employed. Plant, filling, and rock mechanics aspects are considered.
Influence of dynamic loads 873269 Influence of earthquakes Glass, C E In: Design of Non-Impounding Waste Dumps, edited by M K
MeCarter P121-132. Publ New York: AIME, 1985
Construction methods 873266 Economic exploitation of deep coal seams by opencast methods Brett, M T; Brown, N R Proc 13th Congress of the Council of Mining and Metallurgical Institutions, Singapore, 11-16 May 1986 V3, Pl13-125. Publ Parkville: CMMI/AIMM, 1986
An idealistic comparison is made of the costs of overburden removal for deep open pit mines using the following methods: (1) draglines only; (2) draglines plus truck and shovel; and (3)
For mining operations, economic consequence of failure is one of the most important factors in embankment design. Design must take into account earthquake hazard, ground motion characteristics, and dynamic stability. Several analysis techniques have been evaluated. Conventional pseudostatic slope stability analyses are seen to be inappropriate for dynamic analysis. Techniques should incorporate embankment response, earthquake motion characteristics, and roughness of the failure plane, and provide slide mass and displacementtime history as output. Two techniques are found to be satisfactory. The LADRS technique (Glass, 1981) is recommended for versatility and simplicity.
© 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted