Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices with transparent electrodes

devices

Patents

convert

Solar photovoltaic

invention

system

mechanical

or hydraulic

mechanical

work

The system

capacitors,

control

Once

the motor, motor.

and an electric/ the system

by the PV modules

is accumulated

the controller

circuit

to run

activates

consumption

produced

from

current

electrical

In essence,

energy

As the motor

the power

withour

ir in the capacitors.

enough

the charged

capacitors

quickly

the

is larger than

by the PV module,

voltage in the capacitors

it takes and

decreases.

the Once

the volragr reaches a minimum where of the motor is no longer practical,

the

operation control

circuit

modules

stops

techargc

the motor

the

to let the PV

the capacitors,

and the cycle is

the above arrangement

the small amount module

and

capacitor.

motor,

of power

concentrate

it in an

mechanical pumping

energy

a burst of power

which

in turn work

electrical

involve

the

desired

compressing

or pumping

air,

devices.

may

equipment

or

cell.

circuitry

In this

monitors

device to detect changes

d evice

is a

quantum

photodetector current

has

detecting

generated

measuring

photosensitive two

optoelectronic

transparent

organic between In

electrodes

the transparent other

and

conductive

disclosed. oprical

devices

to

three

optoelectronic

either radiation electricity radiation.

with a reflective

according

Oproelcctronic

produce,

or

detect,

clcctronically, from

ambient

Photo-sensitive

63Photovoltaics

devices

properties

Bulletin

electromagnetic or

to

generate

elecrromagnetic optoelectronic

with stability.

other

photovoltaic

a

economical

hand,

problems

cry&s

without

high

The

to

invention

is capable

of

calculators.

and of

the

classes

suffer

may

equipment

character&d

inspection

be

junction

to whether applied

is

the device voltage,

also

cell

junction,

junction,

junction,

device

not

has

have

has

at least

a

one

with no bias. one

rectifying

but not always operated

Traditionally,

photosensitive

process

semiconductors,

conduct material.

t&ride

silicon,

conducr are

rerm

denores

electricity

induced

by

materials

when

charge

thermal

or

clectromagneric

and converred carriers,

(i.e. transporr)

relates radiant

to eacitarion

array

electric

charge

periods

for optic

states,

source,

USA the powc’r

such as a solar

decreasing

controlled

d

by a set point

by a dither signal for stabilised tracking

during

and maximum

converters

conditions

and respectively

can be coupled

contl-ol power

under-drmand

power tracking

with over-demand

bus

K Forrest

solar

maximises

increasing,

power

Multiple

equalised

can

Srephcn

Corporation,

from a power

using

conditions

energy

in a

fibrc

5. 2002

Rulovic,

power tracker

signal, modulated

shared

so that the carriers

in

US 6352377

Applicant: The Aerospace

to the

energy of

use

imaging

dcviccs

Maximum power tracking power system

power trackers

‘phoroconductive’

or

hrnaing.

detectors,

coupling

Publicatio?2 d‘zte: March

regular

excitarion.

in which

charge

gallium

detection

communications.

maintaining

and others.

‘semiconductor’

c.In

of

crystalline,

P.R.

and amorphous

cadmium

is absorbed electric

of a number

,>OWCI

and cmcrgenc!

and/or

radiation

isolation

deliverable

optoelectronic

have been constructed

electromagnetic The

electrical

wil-class

emcrgenr!

and

power

optical

md

computers.

vchiclcs,

monitoring

devices.

of this

inter alia:

watches.

and drvices,

for

with

other-

electric

systems

A maximum

with a bias.

which

devicrs,

hvemovs: Vladimir

operated

at least

and is operated

and is usually

and

Patem wmbw:

does

‘md is normally

A PV

Iclcvisiollh,

supplies:

devices;

into,

radios.

devices,

photosensitive

a rectifying

with an external

a hias.

devices

location

acceptable

devices

telephones

communications

generation

on the ucc of

costs.

photosensitive

powered

from

cfficiencics

may be incorporated

electromagnetic

of

conversion

organic

is exposed

effcicncy

still

cells to achicvc

production

and

the

defects.

devices

photovoltaic

a

as a bias or bias voltage.

carriers

to

the

organic

and

response

and also according

The term

rely on the

of materials

large

problems

of

to

efficiency-degrading

tilicon

to a photodetector

ambient

to whether

polycrystalline

layer are

due

0 n

light

devices

or more

phoro-

produce

amorphous

devices,

xrca, ate difficult

in producing

significant

power

These

disposed

photosensitive

inherent

have

some

crystalline-based

of the

the current

as described

electronic

photodetector

arsenide,

multilayer

and

efficient

of large surface to

dominare

xd

of 23’31 or greater.

signal

radiation. circuit

the

inorganic

photosensitive

with

dcvicr,

and electronic

The

electrodes.

structures

optoelectronic

one

layers,

embodiments.

optoelectronic

such

device has at least

photoconductive

applied.

measures

a bias voltage

rectifying

is described.

a

operation

the photodetector

electromagnetic

providing

In

a voltage circuit

when

rectifying

desired characteristics efficiency

of

optoelectronic

photodetector.

A photodetector

to enhance

However,

sol,lr

IIeviccx urilising silicon

applications.

expensive

is

the resistance

type of photosensitive

Applicant: Princeton

optimised

type

amorphous

incident

More recent efforts have focu~d

Another

with

as external

device,

light.

Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices with transparent electrodes device

power.

especially

to

by the efficiency

to useful electric

efficiencies

energies

carriers.

convert

or

to their

electromagnetic

can

achieved

light

due to the absorption

A photoconducror

USA

power

refer for

spectral

charge

they

commercial

direct

function,

selected

which

crystalline

equipment

device

to

chosen

Solar cells are charactcri&cd

or other

Another

optoelectronic

photoconductor detection

I’zrblic&on ~
optoelectronic

electric

The term ‘resistive load

system.

photosensitive

is operated

photosensitive

generate

also

or storing

and ‘photocon-

used

absorbing

of

elect-

from the sun or other ambient

are materials

property

with

when

refers to any power consuming

known

An organic.

that

continue

is not available.

Pamit turmhr~rUS 6367259

University,

so

semiconductor

of

or remote

of batteries

‘photoconductor’

material’

radiation

applications

the charging

illumination

present,

water.

The terms

for

equipment.

generation

storage

sources

or to operate

such as computers

power

energy

to provide,

or communications

These often

loads

heating,

equipment

moniroring

used to

radiation.

L&

to run an electrical

as

pressure

by a PV

is then

performs

such

hydraulic

doe5 is to take

generated

The accumulated

produce

to

lighting,

A detecting

then repeated. What

into

power. PV devices are used to

consuming

operation

motor

produced

and accumulates

water),

capacitance

circuit.

rakes the energy

or performs

one or more PV panels,

high

an clecrrical

electronic

(e.g.

barrerics.

includes

more

ronic

energy

energy

pressure)

(e.g. pumping

using electrochemical

(USA)

cells are specifically

electrical

power

example,

a photovoltaic

rhar accumularcs

or

A. Timm

provides

pneumatic

OIlC

drive

solar power system

App/icu1zt/llzuentor; Miguel This

radiation

ductive

generate

Batteryless

electromagnetic

electricity.

signal< convrrsion

during

of J load. maximum

in parallel, for

using

fault-tolerant through

the

converters. Patext number: US 6369462 Publiukon dute: April 9. 2002 /nuextor: Siri Kasemsan

May 2002