- Email: [email protected]
Organic solvent effect in skin whitening agent screening system
S90
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S75–S98
Reference Jin, Y., Xue, X.Y., Liu, Y.F., Xiao, Y.S., Zhang, J., Shi, H., Zhang, F.F., Liang, X.M., 2008. A novel method of prediction and optimization for preparative high-performance liquid chromatography separation. J. Chromatogr. A 1183 (1–2), 76–86.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.202 I3-P-044 The photosensitive effect of chlorophyll derivatives on bacteria Lei Tang ∗ , Lei Xu Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Tang). The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in an increase of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. Photodynamic chemotherapy is one of the alternative methods to solve the problem (Wainwright, 1998). Chlorophyll (Chl) and its degradation compounds are one of the most abundant pigments on earth (Takamiya et al., 2000). Although the accumulation of even small amounts of visible light absorbing Chl metabolites is extremely phototoxic in plant cells (Chung et al., 2006), the photodynamic effect on bacteria has not yet been studied in detail. In the present work, the alkali, acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis products of Chl were prepared, and their photosensitive activities towards bacteria were compared. The results showed that the structures of the Chl derivatives, the types of bacteria, and the binding ability of the derivatives to the bacterial cells were three main factors of photosensitive activity. The removal of the phytol group and the opening of the V ring of Chl enhanced the phototoxicity of the compound. The Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive to the Chl derivatives than Gram negative ones. The bacterial cells which bound to the derivatives effectively were killed by the photodynamic effect. As the Chl and its degradation intermediates are widely distributed in plants, they may provide cheaper resources of photosensitisers. References Chung, D.W., Pruˇzinská, A., Hörtensteiner, S., Ort, D.R., 2006. The role of pheophorbide a oxygenase expression and activity in the canola green seed problem. Plant Physiol. 142, 88–97. Takamiya, K., Tsuchiya, T., Ohta, H., 2000. Degradation pathway(s) of chlorophyll: what has gene cloning revealed? Trends Plant Sci. 5, 426–443. Wainwright, M., 1998. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42, 13–28.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.203 I3-P-045 Antifungal protein from a medicinal plant, Curcuma caesia Roxb. Krishnaraj Mannangatti ∗ , Mathivanan Narayanasamy Biocontrol and Microbial Metabolites Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Mannangatti). To determine the antifungal activity of the protein fraction of a medicinal plant, Curcuma caesia against drug resistant Candida albicans. The rhizomes of Curcuma caesia Roxb. were obtained from the virgin forest of Dandakaranya, Orissa, India. The fungal human pathogen, C. albicans was provided by the Infectious Disease Laboratory, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India. The protein was
extracted from the mature rhizomes (100 g) were frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground into fine powder and the resulted flour was suspended in five volume of 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.2 contained 50 mM KCl, 5 mM EDTA, 1 mM aprotinin and 10 mM thiourea. The suspension was incubated at 4 ◦ C overnight with constant stirring. The slurry was filtered through three layers of gauze cloth and subsequently centrifuged at 32000 × g for 35 min at 4 ◦ C (Xingyong et al., 2006). The supernatant was precipitated by 85% ammonium sulphate, dialyzed against phosphate buffer. The protein fraction was lyophilized and stored at −20 ◦ C until further use. The antifungal assay against C. albicans was performed in vitro condition, a lawn of pathogen was made and subsequently 5 mm wells were prepared and filled with 100 l of crude protein and autoclaved protein. Control wells received phosphate buffer only (Xingyong et al., 2007). The crude protein extract of C. caesia showed strong antifungal activity against C. albicans with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 55 g/ml. The protein sample had shown the inhibition zone of 12 mm as compared to 6 mm caused by the autoclaved protein fractions. The inhibitory activity of C. caesia protein extract was found to be fungicidal in nature. The present study showed the potentials of isolating peptide antifungal compound from C. caesia for the control of C. albicans. References Xingyong, Y., Jun, L., Xianbi, L., Rong, S., Yan, P., 2006. Isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable nonspecific lipid transfer protein like antimicrobial protein from motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt) seeds. Peptides 27, 3122–3128. Xingyong, Y., Jun, L., Xiaowen, W., Weiguo, F., Michael, J.B., Rong, S., Yuehua, X., Yan, P., 2007. Psc-AFP, an antifungal protein with trypsin inhibitor activity from Psoralea corylifolia seeds. Peptides 27, 1726–1731.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.204 I3-P-046 Organic solvent effect in skin whitening agent screening system Chi Ho Choi ∗ , Sung Won Choi, Jae Dong Shin, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hyang-Bok Lee, Hae Jong Kim, Eun-Ki Kim Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea E-mail address: [email protected] (C.H. Choi). Skin color is determined by the amount of melanin and tyrosinase is a key enzyme of melanin synthesis. MITF (microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor) belongs to the basic helix-loophelix-zip family of transcription factors and is the major regulator of tyrosinase and the related enzymes (TRPs). To screen depigmenting agents by HTS (high-throughput screening) system, a protein chip containing recombinant MITF protein was constructed. Since many compounds have low solubility in water, they need to be dissolved in an organic solvent. However, effect on the MITF protein chip and the toxicity of organic solvents used in bioassays had not yet been fully documentated. Therefore, seven solvents (MeOH, EtOH, acetone, acetic acid, iso propyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, DMSO) were chosen and tested for their effects on bioassays. To search for the best solvent among them, a cell toxicity assay was performed by MTT. The effect of organic solvents on melanin synthesis was investigated. Finally effect of organic solvent was checked in the MITF protein chip. In conclusion, MeOH and DMSO were found to be the best solvents which can be used in protein chip and bioassays. Based on the computer-simulated stricter, 27 chemicals were selected and were investigated as a MITF-DNA binding inhibitor. Twenty-seven chemicals were dissolved in DMSO and tested by bioassay and MITF protein chip. Chemical number 18 was shown to
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S75–S98
S91
exhibit good inhibition ability in MITF-DNA binding intensity test by MITF protein chip and also, it displayed low toxicity and melanin synthesis inhibition in the bioassay.
I3-P-048
References
Ae-Hee Kim ∗ , Ik-Hwan Kim
Han, J.S., Kwak, E.Y., Lee, H.B., Shin, J.H., Baek, S.H., Chung, B.H., Kim, E.K., 2004. Manufacturing protein-DNA chip for depigmenting agent. J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea, 479–483. Parvez, S., Kang, M., Chung, H.S., Cho, C., Hong, M.C., Shin, M.K., Bae, H., 2006. Survey and mechanism of skin depigmenting and lightening agents. Phytother. Res. 20, 921–934. Solano, F., Briganti, S., Picardo, M., Ghanem, G., 2006. Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects. Pigment Cell Res. 19 (December (6)), 550–571. S.H. Yang, 2007. Development of Protein Chip for HTS System of Depigmenting Agent Screening. Master Thesis. University of Inha, Incheon, Korea.
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam 5th Street, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.205 I3-P-047 Decursin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells Ji-Eun Kang ∗ , Ik-Hwan Kim School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam 5th Street, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-70, Republic of Korea E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-E. Kang). Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes and is a characteristic of wide range of other clinical tests and experiments (Karim and Juleen, 2007). Systemic inflammation is also a feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, raising the hypothesis that elevated cytokine levels may contribute to peripheral insulin resistance (Nicholas et al., 2006). In this study, the insulin resistance was established with the treatment of an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) against C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. The TNF-alpha treatment was well-validated experimental models for insulin resistance by impairing insulin signaling events involved in GLUT4 translocation and inducing ROS accumulation. We induced C2C12 differentiation by substituting the medium DMEM supplemented with 2% horse serum for 10% FBS. The development of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance will be determined by glucose uptake. Glucose transport is evaluated by measuring [3 H] 2-deoxy-d-glucose and cellular ROS levels are measured by using DCF-DA. Decursin is a compound containing coumarin ring isolated from a root of Angelica gigas (Kim et al., 2005). The effect of decursin sensitizing insulin signaling against the TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance will be presented. The mechanism of action of decursin against insulin resistance also will be suggested.
Protective effect of decursin against PMA-induced cytotoxicity in lung cell fibroblast
E-mail address: [email protected] (A.-H. Kim). Protein kinase C (PKC) has become an important target for therapeutic intervention in cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic and immunological disorders and has been considered as a target of anticancer drug screening because it is the cellular receptor of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the most commonly used phorbol ester, binds to PKC and activates it (Gelsher and Dale, 1989). The activated PKC causes an extremely wide range of effects in cells and tissues. In many cell types, including fibroblasts and T lymphocytes, phorbol esters stimulate cellular proliferation, suggesting a role for PKC activation in this process (Berry and Nishizuka, 1990; Nomura et al., 2007). Decursin, a PKC activator anticancer agent isolated from Angelica gigas was cytotoxic to cells (Kim et al., 2005; Yim et al., 2005). In this study, the effect of decursin in lung cell fibroblast and the mechanism of action against PMA will be protected. In order to examine the effect of decursin against PMA-induced cytotoxicity in lung cell fibroblast, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle and ROS levels were measured by FACS. To analyze signal pathways, western blot and immunocytochemistry would be presented. References Berry, N., Nishizuka, Y., 1990. Protein kinase C and T cell activation. Eur. J. Biochem. 189, 205–214. Gelsher, A., Dale, I.L., 1989. Protein kinase C—a novel target for rational anti-cancer drug design? Anticancer Drug Des. 4, 93–105. Kim, H.H., Bang, S.S., Choi, S.J., Han, H., Kim, I.H., 2005. Involvement of PKC and ROS in the cytotoxic mechanism of anti-leukemic decursin and its derivatives and their structure-activity relationship in human K562 erythroleukemia and U937 myeloleukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 223, 191–201. Nomura, N., Nomura, M., Takahira, M., Sugiyama, K., 2007. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated protein kinase C increased migratory activity of subconjunctival fibroblasts via stress-activated protein kinase pathways. Mol. Vis. 13, 2320–2327. Yim, D.S., Singh, R.P., Agarwal, C., Lee, S.Y., Choi, H.J., Agarwal, R., 2005. A novel anticancer agent, decursin, induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 65, 1035–1044.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.207 I3-P-051 Styraxjaponoside C mediates its antifungal activity via apoptosis
References
Cana Park ∗ , Woo Sang Sung, Juneyoung Lee, Dong Gun Lee ∗
Karim, B., Juleen, R.Z., 2007. MAP4K4 Gene silencing in human skeletal muscle prevents tumor necrosis factor-induced insulin resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 7783–7789. Kim, H.H., Sik, B.S., Seok, C.J., Han, H., Kim, I.H., 2005. Involvement of PKC and ROS in the cytotoxic mechanism of anti-leukemic decursin and its derivatives and their structure activity relation ship in human K562 erythroleukemia and U937 myeloleukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 223, 191–201. Nicholas, H., Evan, D.R., Eric, S.L., 2006. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 440, 944–994.
School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.206
E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Park). Styraxjaponoside C is a novel glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Styrax japonica S. et Z., which is one of the lignans (Kim et al., 2007). In this study, we investigated novel antimicrobial effects and its mode of action of Styraxjaponoside C. The result showed that Styraxjaponoside C exhibited antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms without hemolytic effect on human erythrocytes. To elucidate the antimicrobial effects of Styraxjaponoside C, its effects on the dimorphism of Candida albicans induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS), which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a host invasion, were
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S75–S98
Reference Jin, Y., Xue, X.Y., Liu, Y.F., Xiao, Y.S., Zhang, J., Shi, H., Zhang, F.F., Liang, X.M., 2008. A novel method of prediction and optimization for preparative high-performance liquid chromatography separation. J. Chromatogr. A 1183 (1–2), 76–86.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.202 I3-P-044 The photosensitive effect of chlorophyll derivatives on bacteria Lei Tang ∗ , Lei Xu Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Tang). The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in an increase of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. Photodynamic chemotherapy is one of the alternative methods to solve the problem (Wainwright, 1998). Chlorophyll (Chl) and its degradation compounds are one of the most abundant pigments on earth (Takamiya et al., 2000). Although the accumulation of even small amounts of visible light absorbing Chl metabolites is extremely phototoxic in plant cells (Chung et al., 2006), the photodynamic effect on bacteria has not yet been studied in detail. In the present work, the alkali, acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis products of Chl were prepared, and their photosensitive activities towards bacteria were compared. The results showed that the structures of the Chl derivatives, the types of bacteria, and the binding ability of the derivatives to the bacterial cells were three main factors of photosensitive activity. The removal of the phytol group and the opening of the V ring of Chl enhanced the phototoxicity of the compound. The Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive to the Chl derivatives than Gram negative ones. The bacterial cells which bound to the derivatives effectively were killed by the photodynamic effect. As the Chl and its degradation intermediates are widely distributed in plants, they may provide cheaper resources of photosensitisers. References Chung, D.W., Pruˇzinská, A., Hörtensteiner, S., Ort, D.R., 2006. The role of pheophorbide a oxygenase expression and activity in the canola green seed problem. Plant Physiol. 142, 88–97. Takamiya, K., Tsuchiya, T., Ohta, H., 2000. Degradation pathway(s) of chlorophyll: what has gene cloning revealed? Trends Plant Sci. 5, 426–443. Wainwright, M., 1998. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42, 13–28.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.203 I3-P-045 Antifungal protein from a medicinal plant, Curcuma caesia Roxb. Krishnaraj Mannangatti ∗ , Mathivanan Narayanasamy Biocontrol and Microbial Metabolites Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Mannangatti). To determine the antifungal activity of the protein fraction of a medicinal plant, Curcuma caesia against drug resistant Candida albicans. The rhizomes of Curcuma caesia Roxb. were obtained from the virgin forest of Dandakaranya, Orissa, India. The fungal human pathogen, C. albicans was provided by the Infectious Disease Laboratory, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India. The protein was
extracted from the mature rhizomes (100 g) were frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground into fine powder and the resulted flour was suspended in five volume of 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.2 contained 50 mM KCl, 5 mM EDTA, 1 mM aprotinin and 10 mM thiourea. The suspension was incubated at 4 ◦ C overnight with constant stirring. The slurry was filtered through three layers of gauze cloth and subsequently centrifuged at 32000 × g for 35 min at 4 ◦ C (Xingyong et al., 2006). The supernatant was precipitated by 85% ammonium sulphate, dialyzed against phosphate buffer. The protein fraction was lyophilized and stored at −20 ◦ C until further use. The antifungal assay against C. albicans was performed in vitro condition, a lawn of pathogen was made and subsequently 5 mm wells were prepared and filled with 100 l of crude protein and autoclaved protein. Control wells received phosphate buffer only (Xingyong et al., 2007). The crude protein extract of C. caesia showed strong antifungal activity against C. albicans with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 55 g/ml. The protein sample had shown the inhibition zone of 12 mm as compared to 6 mm caused by the autoclaved protein fractions. The inhibitory activity of C. caesia protein extract was found to be fungicidal in nature. The present study showed the potentials of isolating peptide antifungal compound from C. caesia for the control of C. albicans. References Xingyong, Y., Jun, L., Xianbi, L., Rong, S., Yan, P., 2006. Isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable nonspecific lipid transfer protein like antimicrobial protein from motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt) seeds. Peptides 27, 3122–3128. Xingyong, Y., Jun, L., Xiaowen, W., Weiguo, F., Michael, J.B., Rong, S., Yuehua, X., Yan, P., 2007. Psc-AFP, an antifungal protein with trypsin inhibitor activity from Psoralea corylifolia seeds. Peptides 27, 1726–1731.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.204 I3-P-046 Organic solvent effect in skin whitening agent screening system Chi Ho Choi ∗ , Sung Won Choi, Jae Dong Shin, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hyang-Bok Lee, Hae Jong Kim, Eun-Ki Kim Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea E-mail address: [email protected] (C.H. Choi). Skin color is determined by the amount of melanin and tyrosinase is a key enzyme of melanin synthesis. MITF (microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor) belongs to the basic helix-loophelix-zip family of transcription factors and is the major regulator of tyrosinase and the related enzymes (TRPs). To screen depigmenting agents by HTS (high-throughput screening) system, a protein chip containing recombinant MITF protein was constructed. Since many compounds have low solubility in water, they need to be dissolved in an organic solvent. However, effect on the MITF protein chip and the toxicity of organic solvents used in bioassays had not yet been fully documentated. Therefore, seven solvents (MeOH, EtOH, acetone, acetic acid, iso propyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, DMSO) were chosen and tested for their effects on bioassays. To search for the best solvent among them, a cell toxicity assay was performed by MTT. The effect of organic solvents on melanin synthesis was investigated. Finally effect of organic solvent was checked in the MITF protein chip. In conclusion, MeOH and DMSO were found to be the best solvents which can be used in protein chip and bioassays. Based on the computer-simulated stricter, 27 chemicals were selected and were investigated as a MITF-DNA binding inhibitor. Twenty-seven chemicals were dissolved in DMSO and tested by bioassay and MITF protein chip. Chemical number 18 was shown to
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S75–S98
S91
exhibit good inhibition ability in MITF-DNA binding intensity test by MITF protein chip and also, it displayed low toxicity and melanin synthesis inhibition in the bioassay.
I3-P-048
References
Ae-Hee Kim ∗ , Ik-Hwan Kim
Han, J.S., Kwak, E.Y., Lee, H.B., Shin, J.H., Baek, S.H., Chung, B.H., Kim, E.K., 2004. Manufacturing protein-DNA chip for depigmenting agent. J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea, 479–483. Parvez, S., Kang, M., Chung, H.S., Cho, C., Hong, M.C., Shin, M.K., Bae, H., 2006. Survey and mechanism of skin depigmenting and lightening agents. Phytother. Res. 20, 921–934. Solano, F., Briganti, S., Picardo, M., Ghanem, G., 2006. Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects. Pigment Cell Res. 19 (December (6)), 550–571. S.H. Yang, 2007. Development of Protein Chip for HTS System of Depigmenting Agent Screening. Master Thesis. University of Inha, Incheon, Korea.
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam 5th Street, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.205 I3-P-047 Decursin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells Ji-Eun Kang ∗ , Ik-Hwan Kim School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam 5th Street, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-70, Republic of Korea E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-E. Kang). Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes and is a characteristic of wide range of other clinical tests and experiments (Karim and Juleen, 2007). Systemic inflammation is also a feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, raising the hypothesis that elevated cytokine levels may contribute to peripheral insulin resistance (Nicholas et al., 2006). In this study, the insulin resistance was established with the treatment of an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) against C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. The TNF-alpha treatment was well-validated experimental models for insulin resistance by impairing insulin signaling events involved in GLUT4 translocation and inducing ROS accumulation. We induced C2C12 differentiation by substituting the medium DMEM supplemented with 2% horse serum for 10% FBS. The development of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance will be determined by glucose uptake. Glucose transport is evaluated by measuring [3 H] 2-deoxy-d-glucose and cellular ROS levels are measured by using DCF-DA. Decursin is a compound containing coumarin ring isolated from a root of Angelica gigas (Kim et al., 2005). The effect of decursin sensitizing insulin signaling against the TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance will be presented. The mechanism of action of decursin against insulin resistance also will be suggested.
Protective effect of decursin against PMA-induced cytotoxicity in lung cell fibroblast
E-mail address: [email protected] (A.-H. Kim). Protein kinase C (PKC) has become an important target for therapeutic intervention in cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic and immunological disorders and has been considered as a target of anticancer drug screening because it is the cellular receptor of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the most commonly used phorbol ester, binds to PKC and activates it (Gelsher and Dale, 1989). The activated PKC causes an extremely wide range of effects in cells and tissues. In many cell types, including fibroblasts and T lymphocytes, phorbol esters stimulate cellular proliferation, suggesting a role for PKC activation in this process (Berry and Nishizuka, 1990; Nomura et al., 2007). Decursin, a PKC activator anticancer agent isolated from Angelica gigas was cytotoxic to cells (Kim et al., 2005; Yim et al., 2005). In this study, the effect of decursin in lung cell fibroblast and the mechanism of action against PMA will be protected. In order to examine the effect of decursin against PMA-induced cytotoxicity in lung cell fibroblast, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle and ROS levels were measured by FACS. To analyze signal pathways, western blot and immunocytochemistry would be presented. References Berry, N., Nishizuka, Y., 1990. Protein kinase C and T cell activation. Eur. J. Biochem. 189, 205–214. Gelsher, A., Dale, I.L., 1989. Protein kinase C—a novel target for rational anti-cancer drug design? Anticancer Drug Des. 4, 93–105. Kim, H.H., Bang, S.S., Choi, S.J., Han, H., Kim, I.H., 2005. Involvement of PKC and ROS in the cytotoxic mechanism of anti-leukemic decursin and its derivatives and their structure-activity relationship in human K562 erythroleukemia and U937 myeloleukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 223, 191–201. Nomura, N., Nomura, M., Takahira, M., Sugiyama, K., 2007. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated protein kinase C increased migratory activity of subconjunctival fibroblasts via stress-activated protein kinase pathways. Mol. Vis. 13, 2320–2327. Yim, D.S., Singh, R.P., Agarwal, C., Lee, S.Y., Choi, H.J., Agarwal, R., 2005. A novel anticancer agent, decursin, induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 65, 1035–1044.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.207 I3-P-051 Styraxjaponoside C mediates its antifungal activity via apoptosis
References
Cana Park ∗ , Woo Sang Sung, Juneyoung Lee, Dong Gun Lee ∗
Karim, B., Juleen, R.Z., 2007. MAP4K4 Gene silencing in human skeletal muscle prevents tumor necrosis factor-induced insulin resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 7783–7789. Kim, H.H., Sik, B.S., Seok, C.J., Han, H., Kim, I.H., 2005. Involvement of PKC and ROS in the cytotoxic mechanism of anti-leukemic decursin and its derivatives and their structure activity relation ship in human K562 erythroleukemia and U937 myeloleukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 223, 191–201. Nicholas, H., Evan, D.R., Eric, S.L., 2006. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 440, 944–994.
School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.206
E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Park). Styraxjaponoside C is a novel glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Styrax japonica S. et Z., which is one of the lignans (Kim et al., 2007). In this study, we investigated novel antimicrobial effects and its mode of action of Styraxjaponoside C. The result showed that Styraxjaponoside C exhibited antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms without hemolytic effect on human erythrocytes. To elucidate the antimicrobial effects of Styraxjaponoside C, its effects on the dimorphism of Candida albicans induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS), which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a host invasion, were