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Origin and geochemical significance of Hg in natural gas from Liaohe basin
03 Gaseous fuels (sources, properties, recovery, treatment) 02Af9287 Hydrogen production device by steam reforming hydrocarbons Ota, H. e/ al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 143,203 (Cl. COlB3/ 32) 23 May 2000, Appl. 1998/312,689, 4 Nov 1998. 5. (In Japanese) The device includes a vertical burner, a hollow cylindric inner wall surrounding the burner to form a combustion chamber having a top opening, a hollow cylindric outer wall surrounding the inner wall with space to form a reaction chamber, a ceiling plate for sealing connection of top edge of the inner and outer walls, a cylindric pipe for supplying raw material (e.g. syngas, steam), several vertical hydrogen-permeation tubes made of Pd-made membrane arranged in the space between outer wall and supplying pipe inside the reaction chamber, an outer cylinder, reforming catalyst (e.g. VIII group metals), and a bypass pipe for raw material with inlet arranged in the lower-section manifold and top opening arranged in the upper-section of the reaction chamber. 02lOO288 Hydrogen production technology from coal with carbon dioxide recovery
Harada, M. et al. Sekiran Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1999,9,243-248. (In Japanese) The clean Hz manufacturing process in which Hs is produced efficiently from coal with COz recovery by CaO absorption in the presence- of high-temperature, high-pressure water is studied experimentally. The effect of Ca(OH)z and NaOH addition, operating temperature and pressure on gas formation are examined, and a heat and mass balance calculation of an example production plant is given.
Manufacture of hydrogen having low carbon monoxide content
02iOO289
Fukunaga, T. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 169,107 (Cl. COlB3/58), 20 Jun 2000, Appl. 1998/343,710, 3 Dee 1998. 12. (In Japanese) Carbon monoxide-containing Hz-based based in contacted at 60-150 with a catalyst made by supporting Ru, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals on a fire-resistant inorganic oxide to convert the CO into COz and to produce hydrogen containing low-carbon monoxide content. The inorganic support is selected from titania, silica, zirconia, and alumina, and the metal is selected from K, Cs, Rb, Na, Li, Ba, Ca, Mg, and Sr. The oxidation of the hydrogen and the methanation of the CO from the Hz gas are sustained. 02lOO290 Methane ice worms: Hesiocaeca methanicola colonizing fossil fuel reserves
Fisher, CR. Ed al. Nature-~,issenschafen, 2000, 87, (4), 184-187. During a research cruise in July 1997 in the Gulf of Mexico the authors discovered a gas hydrate approximately 1 m thick and over 2 m in diameter which had recently breached the sea floor at a depth of 540 m. The hydrate surface visible from the submarine was considerably greater than that of any other reported hydrate. Two distinct colour bands of hydrate were present in the same mound, and the entire exposed surface of the hydrate was infested (2500 individuals/m’) with 2-4 cm long worms, since described as a new species, Hesiocaeca methanicolu, in the polychaete family Hesionidae. H. merhanicola tissue stable isotope values are consistent with a chemoautotrophic food source. No evidence of chemoautotrophic symbionts was detected, but geochemical data support the presence of abundant free living bacteria on the hydrate. The activities of the polychaetes, grazing on the hydrate bacteria and supplying oxygen to their habitats, appears to contribute to the dissolution of hydrates in surface sediments.
02/00291 Methane of coal fields - it is time to take it seriously
Konarev, V.V. Ugol’ Ukr., 2000, 2-3, 3-7. (In Russian) The occurrence, recovery methods (e.g. ventilation system, underground degassing of mines, degassing with surface webs), and recovery implementation issues of coal methane gas were discussed. 02/00292
Mixing characteristics of oil and gas In YA13-1
centre of Yanan seg. The secondary source rock is the coal mudstone of YC and LS Formations underlying YC13-1 gas field. Condensate of YA13-1 gas field is coal-formed gas and results from the evaporative fractionation process. The deep fractures in Qiongdongnan basin cut down layers of carbon source rocks to form local low-pressure belt, and to provide the main geological background for the evaporative fractionation process.
Origin and geochemical significance of Hg in natural gas from Liaohe basin
02/00293
Chen, J.F. er al. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa, 2000, 27, (I), 23-24. (In Chinese) The concentration of mercury (Hg), which is a comment of nonhydrocarbon components of natural gases, ranges from less than 1 to 103&m3. The previous researchers considered the main factor which affects the concentration of Hg, is the type of the parent matter. The content of Hg in coal-type gas generated from type III organic matter is relatively high. On the contrary, that of oil-type gas generated from type I to II organic matter is relatively low. So the concentration of Hg in natural gas is regarded as a geochemical index to determine the source rock of the gas. But in Liaohe depression, the Hg concentration of oil-type gas in western and local eastern sag (14.4-1930&m3) is higher than that of coal-type gas in eastern sag (25.2-52.5&m3) obviously, and the Hg concentration of natural gas is especially larger than that from stable crotonic basin in our country. The studied results from Liaohe basin shows the concentration of Hg in natural gas is mainly affected by tectonic properties of basin and deep geological process. The Hg concentration of natural gas has a positive relationship with the 3He/4he ratio, which indicates the Hg of natural gas may, partly, origin from the deep earth volatile matter or be affected by deep geological action.
Partial oxidation of methane with air using NiO/aA1203 modified with MgO and La203 02/00294
Pacheco, L. et al. Prepr. - Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Per. Chem., 2000, 45, (2). 270-271. In partial oxidation of methane with air, methane conversion and carbon monoxide selectivity are increased when a nickel/alumina catalyst precoated with magnesia and lanthana.
02lOO295 Present research on estimating methane storage In coal-bed
Bao, W. et al. Taiyuan Ligong Daxue Xuebrro, 2000, 31, (3), 267-270. (In Chinese) Coal-bed methane was generated during coal maturation, which is considered as a substitutional natural gas resource. The storage characteristics of coal-bed methane is different from that of common natural gas resource, so its evaluation and recovery techniques is unique. The research of estimating of methane storage in coal bed has also been introduced.
02lOO298 Purification of hydrogen by pressure swing adsorption
Sircar, S., Golden, T.C. Sep. Sci. Technol., 2000, 35, (5), 667-687. A review with 21 references. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes are used for the production of high purity hydrogen from steam methane reforming off-gas (SMROG) and refinery off-gases (ROG). A variety of common PSA processes for the production of Hz with or without a byproduct (COz from SMROG), as well as PSA processes for direct production of ammonia synthesis gas (from SMROG), are reviewed. The equilibrium ad(de)sorp characteristics of the components of SMROG and ROG feed gas on an activated carbon, a zeolite, and a silica gel are reported, and the criteria for adsorbent selection in these PSA processes are discussed. Recent ideas to increase the Hz recovery from these PSA processes by integrating them with selective surface flow membranes or other PSA units are reviewed.
gas field
Fu, N., Yu, X. Shiyou Kantan Yu Ku~u, 2000, 27, (I), 19-22. (In Chinese) YA13-1 gas field is located at the juncture of Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, and its gas source has been argued for a long time. Using the new technique of GS/MS analysis and based on the biomarkers of natural gas and organic inclusion, fluid inclusion temperature of reservoir, carbon isotopic and composition of light hydrocarbon etc., the authors investigate the source and mixing of gas in YA13-1 gas field. The results show that the gas from YA13-1 gas field is a typical mixed gas composed or organics and gas with different types of source rocks and maturity (including coal-formed gas and high mature and over mature marine gas, the marine gas is predominant). The northern block is filled with mixed gas from type III and II kerogens, and the southern block is filled with gas from type II kerogens. The major gas-source rock is probably the Paleogene marine YC and LS Formations (with type II kerogens) in the depocentre
02lOO297 Study of hydrocracking modeling
Zheng, M. Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao, 2000, 13, (l), 3840. (In Chinese) Based on the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenerator of 8.0 x 10’ t/a, in accordance with the principle of lump, this paper has established a mathematic model according to structure and distillation range in vertical direction, and lumping atom, hydrocarbons, alkanes, and cyclic alkanes in horizontal direction. The method of Gauss-Newton has been used to calculate the model parameters. By comparing with experimental data, the model calculation results show an average relative error of less than 2.2%.
02lOO298 Thermochemical methane reforming using a reactive WO&V redox system Kodama,
T. et al. Energy
(Oxford), 2000, 25, (5), 41 l-425.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 2992 29
Harada, M. et al. Sekiran Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1999,9,243-248. (In Japanese) The clean Hz manufacturing process in which Hs is produced efficiently from coal with COz recovery by CaO absorption in the presence- of high-temperature, high-pressure water is studied experimentally. The effect of Ca(OH)z and NaOH addition, operating temperature and pressure on gas formation are examined, and a heat and mass balance calculation of an example production plant is given.
Manufacture of hydrogen having low carbon monoxide content
02iOO289
Fukunaga, T. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 169,107 (Cl. COlB3/58), 20 Jun 2000, Appl. 1998/343,710, 3 Dee 1998. 12. (In Japanese) Carbon monoxide-containing Hz-based based in contacted at 60-150 with a catalyst made by supporting Ru, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals on a fire-resistant inorganic oxide to convert the CO into COz and to produce hydrogen containing low-carbon monoxide content. The inorganic support is selected from titania, silica, zirconia, and alumina, and the metal is selected from K, Cs, Rb, Na, Li, Ba, Ca, Mg, and Sr. The oxidation of the hydrogen and the methanation of the CO from the Hz gas are sustained. 02lOO290 Methane ice worms: Hesiocaeca methanicola colonizing fossil fuel reserves
Fisher, CR. Ed al. Nature-~,issenschafen, 2000, 87, (4), 184-187. During a research cruise in July 1997 in the Gulf of Mexico the authors discovered a gas hydrate approximately 1 m thick and over 2 m in diameter which had recently breached the sea floor at a depth of 540 m. The hydrate surface visible from the submarine was considerably greater than that of any other reported hydrate. Two distinct colour bands of hydrate were present in the same mound, and the entire exposed surface of the hydrate was infested (2500 individuals/m’) with 2-4 cm long worms, since described as a new species, Hesiocaeca methanicolu, in the polychaete family Hesionidae. H. merhanicola tissue stable isotope values are consistent with a chemoautotrophic food source. No evidence of chemoautotrophic symbionts was detected, but geochemical data support the presence of abundant free living bacteria on the hydrate. The activities of the polychaetes, grazing on the hydrate bacteria and supplying oxygen to their habitats, appears to contribute to the dissolution of hydrates in surface sediments.
02/00291 Methane of coal fields - it is time to take it seriously
Konarev, V.V. Ugol’ Ukr., 2000, 2-3, 3-7. (In Russian) The occurrence, recovery methods (e.g. ventilation system, underground degassing of mines, degassing with surface webs), and recovery implementation issues of coal methane gas were discussed. 02/00292
Mixing characteristics of oil and gas In YA13-1
centre of Yanan seg. The secondary source rock is the coal mudstone of YC and LS Formations underlying YC13-1 gas field. Condensate of YA13-1 gas field is coal-formed gas and results from the evaporative fractionation process. The deep fractures in Qiongdongnan basin cut down layers of carbon source rocks to form local low-pressure belt, and to provide the main geological background for the evaporative fractionation process.
Origin and geochemical significance of Hg in natural gas from Liaohe basin
02/00293
Chen, J.F. er al. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa, 2000, 27, (I), 23-24. (In Chinese) The concentration of mercury (Hg), which is a comment of nonhydrocarbon components of natural gases, ranges from less than 1 to 103&m3. The previous researchers considered the main factor which affects the concentration of Hg, is the type of the parent matter. The content of Hg in coal-type gas generated from type III organic matter is relatively high. On the contrary, that of oil-type gas generated from type I to II organic matter is relatively low. So the concentration of Hg in natural gas is regarded as a geochemical index to determine the source rock of the gas. But in Liaohe depression, the Hg concentration of oil-type gas in western and local eastern sag (14.4-1930&m3) is higher than that of coal-type gas in eastern sag (25.2-52.5&m3) obviously, and the Hg concentration of natural gas is especially larger than that from stable crotonic basin in our country. The studied results from Liaohe basin shows the concentration of Hg in natural gas is mainly affected by tectonic properties of basin and deep geological process. The Hg concentration of natural gas has a positive relationship with the 3He/4he ratio, which indicates the Hg of natural gas may, partly, origin from the deep earth volatile matter or be affected by deep geological action.
Partial oxidation of methane with air using NiO/aA1203 modified with MgO and La203 02/00294
Pacheco, L. et al. Prepr. - Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Per. Chem., 2000, 45, (2). 270-271. In partial oxidation of methane with air, methane conversion and carbon monoxide selectivity are increased when a nickel/alumina catalyst precoated with magnesia and lanthana.
02lOO295 Present research on estimating methane storage In coal-bed
Bao, W. et al. Taiyuan Ligong Daxue Xuebrro, 2000, 31, (3), 267-270. (In Chinese) Coal-bed methane was generated during coal maturation, which is considered as a substitutional natural gas resource. The storage characteristics of coal-bed methane is different from that of common natural gas resource, so its evaluation and recovery techniques is unique. The research of estimating of methane storage in coal bed has also been introduced.
02lOO298 Purification of hydrogen by pressure swing adsorption
Sircar, S., Golden, T.C. Sep. Sci. Technol., 2000, 35, (5), 667-687. A review with 21 references. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes are used for the production of high purity hydrogen from steam methane reforming off-gas (SMROG) and refinery off-gases (ROG). A variety of common PSA processes for the production of Hz with or without a byproduct (COz from SMROG), as well as PSA processes for direct production of ammonia synthesis gas (from SMROG), are reviewed. The equilibrium ad(de)sorp characteristics of the components of SMROG and ROG feed gas on an activated carbon, a zeolite, and a silica gel are reported, and the criteria for adsorbent selection in these PSA processes are discussed. Recent ideas to increase the Hz recovery from these PSA processes by integrating them with selective surface flow membranes or other PSA units are reviewed.
gas field
Fu, N., Yu, X. Shiyou Kantan Yu Ku~u, 2000, 27, (I), 19-22. (In Chinese) YA13-1 gas field is located at the juncture of Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, and its gas source has been argued for a long time. Using the new technique of GS/MS analysis and based on the biomarkers of natural gas and organic inclusion, fluid inclusion temperature of reservoir, carbon isotopic and composition of light hydrocarbon etc., the authors investigate the source and mixing of gas in YA13-1 gas field. The results show that the gas from YA13-1 gas field is a typical mixed gas composed or organics and gas with different types of source rocks and maturity (including coal-formed gas and high mature and over mature marine gas, the marine gas is predominant). The northern block is filled with mixed gas from type III and II kerogens, and the southern block is filled with gas from type II kerogens. The major gas-source rock is probably the Paleogene marine YC and LS Formations (with type II kerogens) in the depocentre
02lOO297 Study of hydrocracking modeling
Zheng, M. Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao, 2000, 13, (l), 3840. (In Chinese) Based on the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenerator of 8.0 x 10’ t/a, in accordance with the principle of lump, this paper has established a mathematic model according to structure and distillation range in vertical direction, and lumping atom, hydrocarbons, alkanes, and cyclic alkanes in horizontal direction. The method of Gauss-Newton has been used to calculate the model parameters. By comparing with experimental data, the model calculation results show an average relative error of less than 2.2%.
02lOO298 Thermochemical methane reforming using a reactive WO&V redox system Kodama,
T. et al. Energy
(Oxford), 2000, 25, (5), 41 l-425.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 2992 29