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Orthodontia and post-graduate instruction
The International Journal of Orthodontia . PUBLISHED
THE C. V. MOSBY
THE
Co.,
FIFTEENTH
OF EVERY
8014307 Metropolitan
Foreign Depots-Great Britain-Henry Kimpton, 263 High Holhorn, London, W. C.; Australaria-Stirling & Co., 317 Collins Street, Modern Chambers, Melbourne ; India-“Practical Medicine,” Fgerton Street, Delhi ; Port0 Rico-Pedro C. l’imothee, Rafael Cordero 68, San Juan, P. R. Subscription Rates-Single Copies, 30 cents. To anywhere in United States, Cuba, Porto Rico, Canal Zone, Mexico, Hawaii and Philippine Islands, $3.00 per year in advance. Under foreign postage, $3.40. English price: 15/ per annum, l/6 per number. Volume begins with January and ends with December of each year. subscriptions Remittances--Remittances for should be made by check, draft, postoffice or express money order, or registered letter, payable to the publishers, The C. V. Mosby Company. Contributions-The editor will he pleased to consider the publication of original communications of merit on orthodontic and allied subjects, which must be contributed solely to this journal. Opinions-Neither the editor nor the publisher hold themselves resoonsible for the ooinions of contributors, nor are they responsible’ for other than editorial statements. Reprints-Since it is not desirable to hold type standing longer than absolutely necessary, all requests for reprints should he made at time of submitting manuscript for publication. Rate card will be sent with galley proof.
MONTH
BY
Bldg.,
St. Louis,
MO.
Communications-Contributed articles, illustrations, letters, books for review, and all other matter pertaining to the editorial department should be addressed to the Editor, Doctor Martin Dewey, 1016 East Armour Boulevard, Kansas City, MO. All communications in regard to advertising, suhscriptions, change of address, etc., should be addressed to the publishers, The C. V. Mosby company, 801-807 Metropolitan Building, St. Louis, MO. Illustrations-Such halftones and zinc etchings as in the judgment of the editor are necessary to illustrate articles will be furnished when photographs or drawings are supplied by the authors of said articles. advertisements Advertisements-Objectionable will not be accepted for publication in this journal. Forms close first of month preceding date of issue. Advertising rates and sizes on application. Change of Address-The publishers should be advised of change of subscriber’s address about fifteen days before date of issue, with both new and old addresses given. Nonreceipt of Copies-Complaints for nonreceipt of copies or requests for extra numbers must be received on or before the fifteenth of the month of publication; otherwise the supply is apt to be exhausted.
Entered at the Post Office at St. Louis, MO., as Second-Class Matter
EDITORIALS Orthodontia and Post-Graduate Instruction
T
HERE has never been a time in the history of the dental profession when so much attention was being given to post-graduate dental work as at present. The reason for this is that the profession has suddenly awakened to its responsibility and the dentists are trying to qualify themselves to meet that responsibility. The medical profession has long recognized the value of post-graduate work, but it is only recently that the dental profession has considered that kind of instruction advisable. As a result a great many post-graduate courses are being offered on various subjects by different persons throughout the United States. We find that in some localities the dental profession is responding to post-graduate work with such enthusiasm that post-graduate clubs and post-graduate societies are being organized, the membership in some of these organizations being limited to men who have done post-graduate work.
Editorials
393
subjects that require more elaborate preparation and more paraphernalia for teaching, and which cannot be successfully presented in such short time. The fourth plan of post-graduate instruction has been the organization of post-graduate schools, which have been conducted in some localities for a number of years. Th ese post-graduate schools, while they have probably been of considerable benefit to those who attended, have also had their objects misinterpreted by many persons, who are of the opinion that post-graduate schools are organized entirely for financial purposes and are money-makers for the men who are conducting them, and this opinion is emphasized by the fact that a large number of post-graduate schools have been established within the last few months for apparently no other object than to make money for. the men who conducted these sc11001s.
Among the first post-graduate schools was the Haskell School of Prosthetic Dentistry, which was organized by Dr. Haskell in Chicago a number of years ago and gave valuable instruction, but was not a financial success. Dr. Peeso organized the Peeso School for Crown and Eridge Work, which later affiliated This school also rendered good service, with the University of Pennsylvania. and was probably one of the greatest factors for the standardization of removable bridge work and for the perfection of bridge technic. In orthodontic postgraduate instruction the Angle School of Orthodontia was the first school to be organized, and probably as the result of its organization, the practice of orthodontia lvas advanced more than by any other effort. Some individuals criticised the Angle School and its methods, but the fact is that the majority of the grad-uates of that school were extremely successful; in fact, they were so successful that it became a desideratum among the dental profession to be known as an Angle graduate. ‘I’hat such distinction was coveted is proved by the action of a number of men in different parts of the country who posed as “Angle graduates” who had never been instructed in that school. This post-graduate instruc tion, like others that we have mentioned, was not a financial success. i\fter being conducted a number of years, the school was discontinued, which suggested the necessity of some measures being provided by which, in the future, instruction of the character given in the Angle School could be acquired. One of the objections to post-graduate courses in orthodontia was that they were limited to eight weeks, which some of the profession considered as too short a time. While we will admit that eight weeks is not sufficient in which to learn orthodontia, it must be borne in mind that we must deal with a condition, and not with an ideal. The orthodontic students in the past have been men of the dental profession who were depending upon their calling for a livelihood, and who were limited as to the amount of time they could devote to post-graduate work. In other words, the man who has an established practice, and who depends on that practice for a livelihood, cannot devote eight or nine months to a post-graduate course, as the financial sacrifice would be too great. In fact, most of the prospective students object even to an eight weeks’ course, but they are not aware of the amount or character of work which must be covered in that time and they also object to the loss incurred by leaving their office for eight weeks. Experience has, however , shown that eight weeks is a logical compro-
394
7’11(* lntt3rrmtioml
.lowntd
of CI~l~rodon,fia
misc. A longer time x~ould Ite much better, but with the majority of st!ldent5 it would be impossible tc.) attend icrr a longer period. One Of the problems which conirc!nti the dental profei;sion at the ~trexxt L\~L~‘ one J \\~li(~ ;i’ time is that therm is 110 standard i~ji- posl-graduate instruction. desires can open a post-gncluate tlclital ~cliool ur gi\,c a post-qrailuate ~oursc. I and there is n( I \\-ay to determine what the qualit\ oi the instruction, ma!- I-le. It is true, the American S)cic’ly of ! )r!hotlontist~ at iI< mt-riiiq iii ‘Cor0nto hat1 an education conumittce appointed t)!- the president. Dr. Kcmplc, and the ~&~jcct of pht-gra(lu;ite inthat commitlec- is to ilrquirc into the vnllle I pi the cotitcmplate~l struction, and to cndcavor IU bt.antiartlizr orthodl Intic instruction in clentnl ~~~l~rml~. This committee IlaS n(b legislati\~c authority. and will he limitc(l Il.1 making i‘c‘c~x~l mendations. \vhich \VC hope it v\.ill (1~). ii, ho\\-ever, rc~commcndatioii< arta niatlc post-gr;tduate hClli~~~ls, the mc9that may 1~ con&uc(l ;I> a criticism of wrtain hers of the committee would la\- tllern;c~lves liable to I)~bGblc damage Guit.. ;I< the American Socirt!. I,E ()rthodontiati ii newt incorp~ratccd. It i; to IK ltopcrl, however-> that thi,: tcimmittcc (\-ill (1~1something to~.ard 1)ringing iird~i- out : ii illchao’;, ami that its effort v-ill 1ia1.c :L tcrrdencv to
Orthodontia and Process Patents
T
HE dental profession is quite familiar with procebh patents and the attitude which the majority of the memlJers of the profession maintains in regal-t; to those patents. Many members arc cognizant of the trouble which some c,t’ the older practitioners had several years ago with a certain cro1i.n and tooth cumpany and a certain rubber company over proce>s patents? and are alw a~vare of the controxrsy at the present time in regarc ! to olhcr process patenS, l)ut the relation of orthodontia to these patents has been greatly misunderstood 111a large proportion of orthodontist>. Up to the prt’sent time orthotlontisls ha\ e been free from antioyancc rcgardiug process patrsnts. lout NC ha\+; no guarantee that the) will continue to enjoy. that freedom if the u.;e cli these patents becomes thy rulp in the dental profession. In other \\-or&i. if the legalit)- of certain proces-; patents were to be established, there is no doubt in our mind that 11-e\vould be affecter! hy some of these patents covering certain phases of orthodontia. Some practitioners claim there is no difference Ibet\\ een process patcats and device patents, but those \vho make that claim (10 so because the!- are in favor of process patents? or brcause the? 1laI-e failetl to investigate the difference be tween the two kinds of patents. The patent attorney.; recognize what are known as device patents and process patents. A device patent is one which protects the manufacturer of a certain article, which article can be placed on sale, and its use is unrestricted. The patent prohib’its the manufacture and sale of that deA process patent is one which also may cover a vice by another manufacturer. device, but, in addition, contains a clause which prohibits the use of that device There is no question about except in a manner described by the manufacturer. the legality of -either kind of these patents if, in case of doubt, such legality can be established in court. The dental and medical professions have not, however, been in favor of process patents. and the medical prnfcssion leas heen qxcially
THE C. V. MOSBY
THE
Co.,
FIFTEENTH
OF EVERY
8014307 Metropolitan
Foreign Depots-Great Britain-Henry Kimpton, 263 High Holhorn, London, W. C.; Australaria-Stirling & Co., 317 Collins Street, Modern Chambers, Melbourne ; India-“Practical Medicine,” Fgerton Street, Delhi ; Port0 Rico-Pedro C. l’imothee, Rafael Cordero 68, San Juan, P. R. Subscription Rates-Single Copies, 30 cents. To anywhere in United States, Cuba, Porto Rico, Canal Zone, Mexico, Hawaii and Philippine Islands, $3.00 per year in advance. Under foreign postage, $3.40. English price: 15/ per annum, l/6 per number. Volume begins with January and ends with December of each year. subscriptions Remittances--Remittances for should be made by check, draft, postoffice or express money order, or registered letter, payable to the publishers, The C. V. Mosby Company. Contributions-The editor will he pleased to consider the publication of original communications of merit on orthodontic and allied subjects, which must be contributed solely to this journal. Opinions-Neither the editor nor the publisher hold themselves resoonsible for the ooinions of contributors, nor are they responsible’ for other than editorial statements. Reprints-Since it is not desirable to hold type standing longer than absolutely necessary, all requests for reprints should he made at time of submitting manuscript for publication. Rate card will be sent with galley proof.
MONTH
BY
Bldg.,
St. Louis,
MO.
Communications-Contributed articles, illustrations, letters, books for review, and all other matter pertaining to the editorial department should be addressed to the Editor, Doctor Martin Dewey, 1016 East Armour Boulevard, Kansas City, MO. All communications in regard to advertising, suhscriptions, change of address, etc., should be addressed to the publishers, The C. V. Mosby company, 801-807 Metropolitan Building, St. Louis, MO. Illustrations-Such halftones and zinc etchings as in the judgment of the editor are necessary to illustrate articles will be furnished when photographs or drawings are supplied by the authors of said articles. advertisements Advertisements-Objectionable will not be accepted for publication in this journal. Forms close first of month preceding date of issue. Advertising rates and sizes on application. Change of Address-The publishers should be advised of change of subscriber’s address about fifteen days before date of issue, with both new and old addresses given. Nonreceipt of Copies-Complaints for nonreceipt of copies or requests for extra numbers must be received on or before the fifteenth of the month of publication; otherwise the supply is apt to be exhausted.
Entered at the Post Office at St. Louis, MO., as Second-Class Matter
EDITORIALS Orthodontia and Post-Graduate Instruction
T
HERE has never been a time in the history of the dental profession when so much attention was being given to post-graduate dental work as at present. The reason for this is that the profession has suddenly awakened to its responsibility and the dentists are trying to qualify themselves to meet that responsibility. The medical profession has long recognized the value of post-graduate work, but it is only recently that the dental profession has considered that kind of instruction advisable. As a result a great many post-graduate courses are being offered on various subjects by different persons throughout the United States. We find that in some localities the dental profession is responding to post-graduate work with such enthusiasm that post-graduate clubs and post-graduate societies are being organized, the membership in some of these organizations being limited to men who have done post-graduate work.
Editorials
393
subjects that require more elaborate preparation and more paraphernalia for teaching, and which cannot be successfully presented in such short time. The fourth plan of post-graduate instruction has been the organization of post-graduate schools, which have been conducted in some localities for a number of years. Th ese post-graduate schools, while they have probably been of considerable benefit to those who attended, have also had their objects misinterpreted by many persons, who are of the opinion that post-graduate schools are organized entirely for financial purposes and are money-makers for the men who are conducting them, and this opinion is emphasized by the fact that a large number of post-graduate schools have been established within the last few months for apparently no other object than to make money for. the men who conducted these sc11001s.
Among the first post-graduate schools was the Haskell School of Prosthetic Dentistry, which was organized by Dr. Haskell in Chicago a number of years ago and gave valuable instruction, but was not a financial success. Dr. Peeso organized the Peeso School for Crown and Eridge Work, which later affiliated This school also rendered good service, with the University of Pennsylvania. and was probably one of the greatest factors for the standardization of removable bridge work and for the perfection of bridge technic. In orthodontic postgraduate instruction the Angle School of Orthodontia was the first school to be organized, and probably as the result of its organization, the practice of orthodontia lvas advanced more than by any other effort. Some individuals criticised the Angle School and its methods, but the fact is that the majority of the grad-uates of that school were extremely successful; in fact, they were so successful that it became a desideratum among the dental profession to be known as an Angle graduate. ‘I’hat such distinction was coveted is proved by the action of a number of men in different parts of the country who posed as “Angle graduates” who had never been instructed in that school. This post-graduate instruc tion, like others that we have mentioned, was not a financial success. i\fter being conducted a number of years, the school was discontinued, which suggested the necessity of some measures being provided by which, in the future, instruction of the character given in the Angle School could be acquired. One of the objections to post-graduate courses in orthodontia was that they were limited to eight weeks, which some of the profession considered as too short a time. While we will admit that eight weeks is not sufficient in which to learn orthodontia, it must be borne in mind that we must deal with a condition, and not with an ideal. The orthodontic students in the past have been men of the dental profession who were depending upon their calling for a livelihood, and who were limited as to the amount of time they could devote to post-graduate work. In other words, the man who has an established practice, and who depends on that practice for a livelihood, cannot devote eight or nine months to a post-graduate course, as the financial sacrifice would be too great. In fact, most of the prospective students object even to an eight weeks’ course, but they are not aware of the amount or character of work which must be covered in that time and they also object to the loss incurred by leaving their office for eight weeks. Experience has, however , shown that eight weeks is a logical compro-
394
7’11(* lntt3rrmtioml
.lowntd
of CI~l~rodon,fia
misc. A longer time x~ould Ite much better, but with the majority of st!ldent5 it would be impossible tc.) attend icrr a longer period. One Of the problems which conirc!nti the dental profei;sion at the ~trexxt L\~L~‘ one J \\~li(~ ;i’ time is that therm is 110 standard i~ji- posl-graduate instruction. desires can open a post-gncluate tlclital ~cliool ur gi\,c a post-qrailuate ~oursc. I and there is n( I \\-ay to determine what the qualit\ oi the instruction, ma!- I-le. It is true, the American S)cic’ly of ! )r!hotlontist~ at iI< mt-riiiq iii ‘Cor0nto hat1 an education conumittce appointed t)!- the president. Dr. Kcmplc, and the ~&~jcct of pht-gra(lu;ite inthat commitlec- is to ilrquirc into the vnllle I pi the cotitcmplate~l struction, and to cndcavor IU bt.antiartlizr orthodl Intic instruction in clentnl ~~~l~rml~. This committee IlaS n(b legislati\~c authority. and will he limitc(l Il.1 making i‘c‘c~x~l mendations. \vhich \VC hope it v\.ill (1~). ii, ho\\-ever, rc~commcndatioii< arta niatlc post-gr;tduate hClli~~~ls, the mc9that may 1~ con&uc(l ;I> a criticism of wrtain hers of the committee would la\- tllern;c~lves liable to I)~bGblc damage Guit.. ;I< the American Socirt!. I,E ()rthodontiati ii newt incorp~ratccd. It i; to IK ltopcrl, however-> that thi,: tcimmittcc (\-ill (1~1something to~.ard 1)ringing iird~i- out : ii illchao’;, ami that its effort v-ill 1ia1.c :L tcrrdencv to
Orthodontia and Process Patents
T
HE dental profession is quite familiar with procebh patents and the attitude which the majority of the memlJers of the profession maintains in regal-t; to those patents. Many members arc cognizant of the trouble which some c,t’ the older practitioners had several years ago with a certain cro1i.n and tooth cumpany and a certain rubber company over proce>s patents? and are alw a~vare of the controxrsy at the present time in regarc ! to olhcr process patenS, l)ut the relation of orthodontia to these patents has been greatly misunderstood 111a large proportion of orthodontist>. Up to the prt’sent time orthotlontisls ha\ e been free from antioyancc rcgardiug process patrsnts. lout NC ha\+; no guarantee that the) will continue to enjoy. that freedom if the u.;e cli these patents becomes thy rulp in the dental profession. In other \\-or&i. if the legalit)- of certain proces-; patents were to be established, there is no doubt in our mind that 11-e\vould be affecter! hy some of these patents covering certain phases of orthodontia. Some practitioners claim there is no difference Ibet\\ een process patcats and device patents, but those \vho make that claim (10 so because the!- are in favor of process patents? or brcause the? 1laI-e failetl to investigate the difference be tween the two kinds of patents. The patent attorney.; recognize what are known as device patents and process patents. A device patent is one which protects the manufacturer of a certain article, which article can be placed on sale, and its use is unrestricted. The patent prohib’its the manufacture and sale of that deA process patent is one which also may cover a vice by another manufacturer. device, but, in addition, contains a clause which prohibits the use of that device There is no question about except in a manner described by the manufacturer. the legality of -either kind of these patents if, in case of doubt, such legality can be established in court. The dental and medical professions have not, however, been in favor of process patents. and the medical prnfcssion leas heen qxcially