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Orthognathic surgery norms for American black patients
CURRENT LITERATURE Abstracts the study and were unsatisified or had their dentures made satisfactorily and could not adapt to them after two months. Masticatory function was tested in the patients using their complete dentures prior to receiving their 01 and two months and three years after insertion of a fixed mandibular bridge on the 01. Chewing efficiency was assessed by means of patient questionnaires. comminution tests, and bite-force measurements. The results of the subjective questionnaire revealed that the ability to chew different foods improved only slightly after denture treatment, whereas a dramatic improvement occurred after insertion of the 01 fixed bridge. The improvement was maintained to the three-year evaluation point. Both subjective physiological and psychological (quality of life) judgments showed a positive response due to the 01 bridge. The chewing efficiency index value did not change significantly after denture treatment but did markedly decrease after 01 bridge insertion. The decrease was maintained between the two-month and three-year observation periods. Maximal bite force, measured by strain gauge transducers, had a mean value of 74 + 6 N with complete dentures but rose to 138 + 11 N two months after 01 bridge insertion and 191 ? 16 N three years after 01 bridge insertion. The authors felt this continued improvement represented gradual adaptation to the 01 bridge. The authors conclude that a marked improvement of chewing capacity after insertion of an 01 bridge in the mandible of edentulous patients occurs and 1s maintained for at least three years (the duration of this
Orthognathic Surgery Norms for American Black Patients. Conner AM. Moshiri F. Am J Orthodont
87:119-134, 1985 A study was conducted of an equal distribution of male and female black (rl = 50) and white (n = 50) North American adults in an attempt to establish normal values for blacks and to compare black normal values with white normal values using lateral cephalometric radiographic analysis. Subjects ranged in age from 18 to 50 years and were required to meet the following criteria: a normal Class I skeletal and dental relationship without any severe anterior, posterior, vertical, or transverse discrepancies and a balanced profile. Twenty-four measurements from the lateral cephalometric tracings were analyzed with a digitizer. ‘The authors reported significant differences between the white and black subjects in both hard and soft tissue measurements. In addition, sexual differentiation was established for each measurement in an attempt to increase the value of this diagnostic aid.-BRYAN A. LUNA Keprint requests to Dr. Moshiri: 6123 West Florissant. St. Louis. Missouri
63 136.
Vertical and Horizontal Proportions of the Face in Young Adult North American Caucasians: Revision of Neoclassical Canons. Farkas L. Hreczko T. Kolar J,
Munro I. Plast Reconstr
Surg 75:328-337,
1985
Study).--JAMES
Neoclassical formulas regarding facial proportions were first developed by scholars and artists of the Renaissance based on classical Greek canons. These guidelines have had some importance in the surgical planning in correcting facial abnormalities. This study tests the validity of nine neoclassical canons, comparing them with normal data of a North American population. Age-related qualities were compared in 100 six year olds. 105 twelve year olds, and 103 eighteen year olds. The groups were divided equally between sexes. Four canons dealt with vertical facial measurements. four with horizontal measurements, and one with angles of inclination. This study found that while the neoclassical canons fit a few cases, overall they do not represent the average facial proportions and may not be the best indicator to determine facial proportions. Two canons that were most often valid (40% and 37%) dealt with horizontal features. This study also found a large variability in facial proportions in the normal face.-DIjRYL BEE
R. HUPP
Reprint requests to Dr. Lindquist: Faculty of Odontology. University of Gothenberg. Box 33070. S-40033. Gothenburg. Sweden.
Cardiac
Arrest Due to Anesthesia.
CP. JAMA 253:3373-2377,
Kennan
RL, Boyan
1985
A retrospective study of all cardiac arrests due solely to general anesthesia over a 15-year period were examined to determine why each arrest occurred. Parameters such as patient age, sex, underlying condition, operation, time of day of surgery, and ASA status were compared in search of common denominators. The investigators also examined the causes of arrest and sequellae of each arrest. The study found an incidence of anesthetic-related cardiac arrest of 1.7 per 10,000 anesthetics. Patients less than 12 years of age had a three times higher incidence when compared to other age groups. and the risk of arrest rose as ASA status increased. Cardiac arrest was six times more common in emergency patients as compared with elective surgery patients. Cardiac arrest in almost half of the cases could be traced to failure to provide adequate ventilation, while in one third of the cases inhalational drug overdose caused the arrest. Over half of the patients eventually died because of their cardiac arrest. The authors concluded that 75% of the cardiac arrests were due to preventable errors in anesthetic management. When events surrounding the cardiac arrests were examined, it was found that progressive bradycardia almost invariably preceded cardiac arrests c:aused by anesthesia. The authors felt that prompt and appropriate action when a bradycardia was first observed would have prevented many of the arrests. They recommended that
Reprint requests to Dr. Farkas: Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory Research Institute. The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue. Toronto. Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Long-term Effects on Chewing with Mandibular Fixed Prostheses on Osseointegrated Implants. Lindquist LW. Carlsson GE. Acta Odontol Stand 43:39-45, 1985
The mastication of 24 edentulous patients who had problems adapting to complete dentures was studied before and two months and three years after receiving fixed mandibular prostheses on osseointegrated implants (01) (Brlnemark type). All patients had worn technically satisfactory dentures for at least one year prior to entering
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Orthognathic Surgery Norms for American Black Patients. Conner AM. Moshiri F. Am J Orthodont
87:119-134, 1985 A study was conducted of an equal distribution of male and female black (rl = 50) and white (n = 50) North American adults in an attempt to establish normal values for blacks and to compare black normal values with white normal values using lateral cephalometric radiographic analysis. Subjects ranged in age from 18 to 50 years and were required to meet the following criteria: a normal Class I skeletal and dental relationship without any severe anterior, posterior, vertical, or transverse discrepancies and a balanced profile. Twenty-four measurements from the lateral cephalometric tracings were analyzed with a digitizer. ‘The authors reported significant differences between the white and black subjects in both hard and soft tissue measurements. In addition, sexual differentiation was established for each measurement in an attempt to increase the value of this diagnostic aid.-BRYAN A. LUNA Keprint requests to Dr. Moshiri: 6123 West Florissant. St. Louis. Missouri
63 136.
Vertical and Horizontal Proportions of the Face in Young Adult North American Caucasians: Revision of Neoclassical Canons. Farkas L. Hreczko T. Kolar J,
Munro I. Plast Reconstr
Surg 75:328-337,
1985
Study).--JAMES
Neoclassical formulas regarding facial proportions were first developed by scholars and artists of the Renaissance based on classical Greek canons. These guidelines have had some importance in the surgical planning in correcting facial abnormalities. This study tests the validity of nine neoclassical canons, comparing them with normal data of a North American population. Age-related qualities were compared in 100 six year olds. 105 twelve year olds, and 103 eighteen year olds. The groups were divided equally between sexes. Four canons dealt with vertical facial measurements. four with horizontal measurements, and one with angles of inclination. This study found that while the neoclassical canons fit a few cases, overall they do not represent the average facial proportions and may not be the best indicator to determine facial proportions. Two canons that were most often valid (40% and 37%) dealt with horizontal features. This study also found a large variability in facial proportions in the normal face.-DIjRYL BEE
R. HUPP
Reprint requests to Dr. Lindquist: Faculty of Odontology. University of Gothenberg. Box 33070. S-40033. Gothenburg. Sweden.
Cardiac
Arrest Due to Anesthesia.
CP. JAMA 253:3373-2377,
Kennan
RL, Boyan
1985
A retrospective study of all cardiac arrests due solely to general anesthesia over a 15-year period were examined to determine why each arrest occurred. Parameters such as patient age, sex, underlying condition, operation, time of day of surgery, and ASA status were compared in search of common denominators. The investigators also examined the causes of arrest and sequellae of each arrest. The study found an incidence of anesthetic-related cardiac arrest of 1.7 per 10,000 anesthetics. Patients less than 12 years of age had a three times higher incidence when compared to other age groups. and the risk of arrest rose as ASA status increased. Cardiac arrest was six times more common in emergency patients as compared with elective surgery patients. Cardiac arrest in almost half of the cases could be traced to failure to provide adequate ventilation, while in one third of the cases inhalational drug overdose caused the arrest. Over half of the patients eventually died because of their cardiac arrest. The authors concluded that 75% of the cardiac arrests were due to preventable errors in anesthetic management. When events surrounding the cardiac arrests were examined, it was found that progressive bradycardia almost invariably preceded cardiac arrests c:aused by anesthesia. The authors felt that prompt and appropriate action when a bradycardia was first observed would have prevented many of the arrests. They recommended that
Reprint requests to Dr. Farkas: Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory Research Institute. The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue. Toronto. Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Long-term Effects on Chewing with Mandibular Fixed Prostheses on Osseointegrated Implants. Lindquist LW. Carlsson GE. Acta Odontol Stand 43:39-45, 1985
The mastication of 24 edentulous patients who had problems adapting to complete dentures was studied before and two months and three years after receiving fixed mandibular prostheses on osseointegrated implants (01) (Brlnemark type). All patients had worn technically satisfactory dentures for at least one year prior to entering
917