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OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves
Radiation Measurements xxx (2014) 1e4
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Radiation Measurements journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/radmeas
OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves Pawel Bilski a, *, Barbara Marczewska a, Anna Twardak a, Ewa Mandowska b, Arkadiusz Mandowski b a b
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland
h i g h l i g h t s LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti show substantial OSL sensitivity. LiF:Mg,Cu,P OSL sensitivity significantly exceeds that of BeO. OSL is correlated with peak 2 of TL glow-curves. LiF:Mg,Ti peak 2 seems to have a composite structure being only partly light-sensitive.
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 25 October 2013 Received in revised form 2 January 2014 Accepted 20 January 2014
The widely known LiF TL detectors: LiF:Mg,Ti (MTS-N) and LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N), were investigated with respect to their OSL properties. It was found that both materials exhibit quite substantial OSL sensitivity. In particular, in the case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P this sensitivity was very high, significantly exceeding that of BeO, the standard OSL dosimetric material. LiF:Mg,Cu,P could be a very promising candidate for application in dosimetry, if not for the fading, which was found to be quite high, reaching nearly 80% loss of the signal within 60 h. The OSL signal intensity shows a correlation with the peak 2 of the TL glow curves indicating that the same trapping sites are responsible for both processes. Peak 2 of LiF:Mg,Ti shows a peculiar property, that blue light stimulation removes only about half of its initial intensity, disregarding the duration of stimulation. This suggests, that this peak may have a composite structure and originates from both light-sensitive and light-insensitive trapping centres. Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: OSL Dosimetry Lithium fluoride
1. Introduction Lithium fluoride (LiF) is for many decades the most commonly used thermoluminescent (TL) dosimetric material. In the recent years another luminescence technique e the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) becomes more and more widely applied for dosimetric purposes (Yukihara and McKeever, 2011). LiF was reported to show luminescence emission also under a stimulation with light (Oster et al., 2011; Marczewska et al., 2012; Oster et al., 2013; Piaskowska et al., 2013). However all these described so far effects should be rather classified as radiophotoluminescence (RPL), i.e. a photoluminescence stimulated from radiation induced centers, which do not ionize during optical excitation (Bøtter-Jensen et al., 2003). The RPL emission results from an intra-center excitation. The most apparent difference between RPL and OSL may be observed by comparison of the plots showing luminescence
intensity vs. time, under continuous light stimulation. In case of OSL a decay curve is obtained, as a result of the permanent removal of the charge carriers from the trapping sites, while the RPL intensity is constant. The photoluminescence light is always of a longer wavelength than that of stimulation light, while emission wavelengths of OSL may be either longer or shorter than the stimulation wavelength. The presence of the shorter emission wavelength (an anti-Stokes shift) is therefore an unmistakable indicator that a studied effect is OSL, not RPL. In the present work we studied the UV luminescence of the irradiated LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P under blue light stimulation, therefore in a similar configuration as it occurs in the standard OSL dosimetric materials, like Al2O3:C or BeO. Presence of OSL in LiF:Mg,Ti under such stimulation was recently reported by Matsushima et al. (2013). 2. Experimental
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Bilski).
Two types of widely known LiF TL detectors, manufactured at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków: LiF:Mg,Ti (MTS-N) and
1350-4487/$ e see front matter Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
2
P. Bilski et al. / Radiation Measurements xxx (2014) 1e4
LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N), were used (Bilski, 2002). They have a form of sintered pellets with dimensions Ø4.5 mm 0.9 mm. For comparison purposes BeO disks (Thermalox 995), which are applied in commercial OSL dosimetry systems (Sommer et al., 2011), were also exploited (dimensions Ø3.2 mm 0.5 mm). CW-OSL (continuous wave stimulation) and TL measurements were realized using the Risø TL/OSL DA-20 reader, equipped with a bialkali EMI 9235QB photomultiplier, which has maximum detection efficiency between 200 and 400 nm and is insensitive above 600 nm. The U-340 optical filter (main transmission 250e400 nm) was used for detection and blue light emitting diodes (470 nm) for stimulation. The used detection spectral range corresponds well with the TL emission spectrum of LiF:Mg,Cu,P, which peaks at 360 nm (Gieszczyk et al., 2013), while only partly with that of LiF:Mg,Ti, which peaks around 450 nm (Bilski, 2002). The applied heating rate was 5 C/s. Irradiations were realized using Sr-90/Y-90 beta source integrated in the DA-20 reader. TL glow curves were separated into single peaks using GlowFit software exploiting first order kinetic functions (Puchalska and Bilski, 2006). 3. Results and discussion The measurements revealed that both types of LiF exhibit significant OSL signal. Fig. 1 presents comparison of CW-OSL decay curves of the three tested materials. In case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P the intensity of OSL is very strong and highly exceeds that of BeO: 6 times for the total integrated signal and 3 times for the initial (maximum) intensity. OSL intensity of LiF:Mg,Ti is about 60 times lower than that of LiF:Mg,Cu,P. Comparison of TL glow-curves measured after and without an OSL stimulation, revealed an interesting relationship between TL and OSL. For LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors the blue light stimulation for 40 s highly decreased intensity of the peak 2 and after 240 s of such stimulation, this peak was totally bleached (Fig. 2). The effect on other TL peaks was within uncertainties. This finding tends to suggest that trapping sites responsible for the OSL signal are identical with those responsible for the TL peak 2. In case of LiF:Mg,Ti the situation is more complex. OSL measurement lasting 40 s resulted in a decrease of peak two intensity by half (Fig. 3). Longer stimulation times (up to 600 s) did not produce any further reduction of this TL peak, what is illustrated at Fig. 4. Such behaviour of LiF:Mg,Ti TL peak 2 seems to suggest a composite structure of the relevant trapping sites, namely presence of both lightsensitive and light-insensitive components (however other
Fig. 1. CW-OSL decay curves measured under blue light stimulation after 140 mGy beta rays.
Fig. 2. Comparison of TL glow-curves of a LiF:Mg,Cu,P detector subjected to blue-light OSL readout and an untreated detector.
explanations, like phototransfer effects are also possible). This is a somewhat surprising conclusion, as this clearly separated peak, of shape which is well described by a single first-order kinetic function, was not suspected to have a complex structure (unlike several higher-temperature peaks in the glow curve of this material). The different response of peak 2 to stimulation with blue light observed in both LiF materials indicates also that, in spite of similarity between these peaks (nearly identical temperature position), they are govern by different physical processes. In another experiment, OSL signals of both LiF detectors were measured after a pre-heat at different temperatures. The pre-heat was realized in the Risø reader, by using a linear ramp at a rate of 5 C/s up to a given temperature, ranging from 60 C to 240 C. The results are presented in Fig. 5. The intensity of OSL decreases strongly after a pre-heat at temperatures exceeding 100 C. The behaviour of both types of TLDs is similar. It is worth noting that LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors show quite intensive OSL signal even after 240 C pre-heat. This may suggest presence of yet another type of
Fig. 3. Comparison of TL glow-curves of a LiF:Mg,Ti detector subjected to blue-light OSL readout and an untreated detector.
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
P. Bilski et al. / Radiation Measurements xxx (2014) 1e4
3
Fig. 4. Height of TL peak 2 vs. OSL stimulation time.
trapping sites, not related to the TL peak 2. LiF:Mg,Ti after heating above 200 C does not show any OSL signal exceeding level of a background noise. Correlation between OSL and the TL peak located at rather low temperature suggest possibility of high fading of the OSL signal. To investigate fading, the samples of LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti were stored in darkness (inside the DA-20 reader measurement chamber) for various times after irradiation (up to 60 h). The results are presented in Fig. 6, as TL and OSL signals normalized to the values for the shortest storage time (1 h). Fading rate exhibited by both materials is considerable, as they lost most of their signal during the 60 h storage time. The higher fading was observed for LiF:Mg,Cu,P. TL peak 2 decreases at a rate similar to the OSL signal for LiF:Mg,Cu,P, but for LiF:Mg,Ti the fading of TL signal is faster than OSL. The observed high fading seems to prevent utilization of LiF OSL in typical dosimetric applications. 4. Conclusions Both LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti standard TL detectors were found to exhibit quite substantial OSL sensitivity. In particular, in
Fig. 6. Fading of OSL signal and of TL peak 2 in LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti.
case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P this sensitivity was very high, significantly exceeding that of BeO. This material could be a very promising candidate for application in dosimetry, if not for the fading, which was found to be quite high, reaching nearly 80% loss of the signal within 60 h. The OSL signal intensity show a correlation with the peak 2 of the TL glow curves indicating that the same trapping sites are responsible for both processes. For LiF:Mg,Cu,P it seems possible that a small fraction of the OSL signal originates from other sites, as a considerable OSL signal was observed even after pre-heat up to 240 C. Peak 2 of LiF:Mg,Ti shows a peculiar property, that blue light stimulation removes only about half of its initial intensity, disregarding the duration of stimulation. This suggests, that this peak may have a composite structure and originates from both light-sensitive and light-insensitive trapping centres. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development (contract No PBS1/A9/4/2012). References
Fig. 5. Influence of pre-heat at various temperatures on the CW-OSL output. The inset presents CW-OSL decay curve for LiF:Mg,Cu,P pre-heated at 240 C.
Bilski, P., 2002. Lithium fluoride e from LiF:Mg,Ti to LiF:Mg,Cu,P. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 100, 199e203. Bøtter-Jensen, L., McKeever, S.W.S., Wintle, A.G., 2003. Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry. Elsevier. Gieszczyk, W., Bilski, P., Obryk, B., Olko, P., Bos, A.J.J., 2013. Spectral characteristic of high-dose high-temperature emission from LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N) TL detectors. Radiat. Meas. 53e54, 22e30. Marczewska, B., Bilski, P., Mandowska, E., Mandowski, A., 2012. Photoluminescence of gamma-, proton- and alpha-irradiated LiF detectors. Cent. Eur. J. Phys 10, 1009e1012.
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
4
P. Bilski et al. / Radiation Measurements xxx (2014) 1e4
Matsushima, L.C., Veneziani, G.R., Campos, L.L., 2013. Study of optically stimulated luminescence of LiF:Mg,Ti for beta and gamma dosimetry. Radiat. Meas. 56, 365e368. Oster, L., Druzhyna, S., Horowitz, Y.S., 2011. Optically stimulated luminescence in LiF:Mg,Ti: application to solid-state radiation dosimetry. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 648, 261e265. Oster, L., Druzhyna, S., Orion, I., Horowitz, Y.S., 2013. Study of combinations of TL/ OSL single dosimeters for mixed high/low ionization density radiation fields. Radiat. Meas. 56, 320e323.
Piaskowska, A., Marczewska, B., Bilski, P., Mandowski, A., Mandowska, E., 2013. Photoluminescence measurements of LiF TL detectors. Radiat. Meas. 56, 209e212. Puchalska, M., Bilski, P., 2006. GlowFit e a new tool for thermoluminescence glowcurve deconvolution. Radiat. Meas. 41, 659e664. Sommer, M., Jahn, A., Henniger, J., 2011. A new personal dosimetry system for Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) photon dose based on OSL-dosimetry of beryllium oxide. Radiat. Meas. 46, 1818e1821. Yukihara, E.G., McKeever, S.W.S., 2011. Optically Stimulated Luminescence: Fundamentals and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Radiation Measurements journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/radmeas
OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves Pawel Bilski a, *, Barbara Marczewska a, Anna Twardak a, Ewa Mandowska b, Arkadiusz Mandowski b a b
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland
h i g h l i g h t s LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti show substantial OSL sensitivity. LiF:Mg,Cu,P OSL sensitivity significantly exceeds that of BeO. OSL is correlated with peak 2 of TL glow-curves. LiF:Mg,Ti peak 2 seems to have a composite structure being only partly light-sensitive.
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 25 October 2013 Received in revised form 2 January 2014 Accepted 20 January 2014
The widely known LiF TL detectors: LiF:Mg,Ti (MTS-N) and LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N), were investigated with respect to their OSL properties. It was found that both materials exhibit quite substantial OSL sensitivity. In particular, in the case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P this sensitivity was very high, significantly exceeding that of BeO, the standard OSL dosimetric material. LiF:Mg,Cu,P could be a very promising candidate for application in dosimetry, if not for the fading, which was found to be quite high, reaching nearly 80% loss of the signal within 60 h. The OSL signal intensity shows a correlation with the peak 2 of the TL glow curves indicating that the same trapping sites are responsible for both processes. Peak 2 of LiF:Mg,Ti shows a peculiar property, that blue light stimulation removes only about half of its initial intensity, disregarding the duration of stimulation. This suggests, that this peak may have a composite structure and originates from both light-sensitive and light-insensitive trapping centres. Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: OSL Dosimetry Lithium fluoride
1. Introduction Lithium fluoride (LiF) is for many decades the most commonly used thermoluminescent (TL) dosimetric material. In the recent years another luminescence technique e the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) becomes more and more widely applied for dosimetric purposes (Yukihara and McKeever, 2011). LiF was reported to show luminescence emission also under a stimulation with light (Oster et al., 2011; Marczewska et al., 2012; Oster et al., 2013; Piaskowska et al., 2013). However all these described so far effects should be rather classified as radiophotoluminescence (RPL), i.e. a photoluminescence stimulated from radiation induced centers, which do not ionize during optical excitation (Bøtter-Jensen et al., 2003). The RPL emission results from an intra-center excitation. The most apparent difference between RPL and OSL may be observed by comparison of the plots showing luminescence
intensity vs. time, under continuous light stimulation. In case of OSL a decay curve is obtained, as a result of the permanent removal of the charge carriers from the trapping sites, while the RPL intensity is constant. The photoluminescence light is always of a longer wavelength than that of stimulation light, while emission wavelengths of OSL may be either longer or shorter than the stimulation wavelength. The presence of the shorter emission wavelength (an anti-Stokes shift) is therefore an unmistakable indicator that a studied effect is OSL, not RPL. In the present work we studied the UV luminescence of the irradiated LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P under blue light stimulation, therefore in a similar configuration as it occurs in the standard OSL dosimetric materials, like Al2O3:C or BeO. Presence of OSL in LiF:Mg,Ti under such stimulation was recently reported by Matsushima et al. (2013). 2. Experimental
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Bilski).
Two types of widely known LiF TL detectors, manufactured at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków: LiF:Mg,Ti (MTS-N) and
1350-4487/$ e see front matter Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
2
P. Bilski et al. / Radiation Measurements xxx (2014) 1e4
LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N), were used (Bilski, 2002). They have a form of sintered pellets with dimensions Ø4.5 mm 0.9 mm. For comparison purposes BeO disks (Thermalox 995), which are applied in commercial OSL dosimetry systems (Sommer et al., 2011), were also exploited (dimensions Ø3.2 mm 0.5 mm). CW-OSL (continuous wave stimulation) and TL measurements were realized using the Risø TL/OSL DA-20 reader, equipped with a bialkali EMI 9235QB photomultiplier, which has maximum detection efficiency between 200 and 400 nm and is insensitive above 600 nm. The U-340 optical filter (main transmission 250e400 nm) was used for detection and blue light emitting diodes (470 nm) for stimulation. The used detection spectral range corresponds well with the TL emission spectrum of LiF:Mg,Cu,P, which peaks at 360 nm (Gieszczyk et al., 2013), while only partly with that of LiF:Mg,Ti, which peaks around 450 nm (Bilski, 2002). The applied heating rate was 5 C/s. Irradiations were realized using Sr-90/Y-90 beta source integrated in the DA-20 reader. TL glow curves were separated into single peaks using GlowFit software exploiting first order kinetic functions (Puchalska and Bilski, 2006). 3. Results and discussion The measurements revealed that both types of LiF exhibit significant OSL signal. Fig. 1 presents comparison of CW-OSL decay curves of the three tested materials. In case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P the intensity of OSL is very strong and highly exceeds that of BeO: 6 times for the total integrated signal and 3 times for the initial (maximum) intensity. OSL intensity of LiF:Mg,Ti is about 60 times lower than that of LiF:Mg,Cu,P. Comparison of TL glow-curves measured after and without an OSL stimulation, revealed an interesting relationship between TL and OSL. For LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors the blue light stimulation for 40 s highly decreased intensity of the peak 2 and after 240 s of such stimulation, this peak was totally bleached (Fig. 2). The effect on other TL peaks was within uncertainties. This finding tends to suggest that trapping sites responsible for the OSL signal are identical with those responsible for the TL peak 2. In case of LiF:Mg,Ti the situation is more complex. OSL measurement lasting 40 s resulted in a decrease of peak two intensity by half (Fig. 3). Longer stimulation times (up to 600 s) did not produce any further reduction of this TL peak, what is illustrated at Fig. 4. Such behaviour of LiF:Mg,Ti TL peak 2 seems to suggest a composite structure of the relevant trapping sites, namely presence of both lightsensitive and light-insensitive components (however other
Fig. 1. CW-OSL decay curves measured under blue light stimulation after 140 mGy beta rays.
Fig. 2. Comparison of TL glow-curves of a LiF:Mg,Cu,P detector subjected to blue-light OSL readout and an untreated detector.
explanations, like phototransfer effects are also possible). This is a somewhat surprising conclusion, as this clearly separated peak, of shape which is well described by a single first-order kinetic function, was not suspected to have a complex structure (unlike several higher-temperature peaks in the glow curve of this material). The different response of peak 2 to stimulation with blue light observed in both LiF materials indicates also that, in spite of similarity between these peaks (nearly identical temperature position), they are govern by different physical processes. In another experiment, OSL signals of both LiF detectors were measured after a pre-heat at different temperatures. The pre-heat was realized in the Risø reader, by using a linear ramp at a rate of 5 C/s up to a given temperature, ranging from 60 C to 240 C. The results are presented in Fig. 5. The intensity of OSL decreases strongly after a pre-heat at temperatures exceeding 100 C. The behaviour of both types of TLDs is similar. It is worth noting that LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors show quite intensive OSL signal even after 240 C pre-heat. This may suggest presence of yet another type of
Fig. 3. Comparison of TL glow-curves of a LiF:Mg,Ti detector subjected to blue-light OSL readout and an untreated detector.
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
P. Bilski et al. / Radiation Measurements xxx (2014) 1e4
3
Fig. 4. Height of TL peak 2 vs. OSL stimulation time.
trapping sites, not related to the TL peak 2. LiF:Mg,Ti after heating above 200 C does not show any OSL signal exceeding level of a background noise. Correlation between OSL and the TL peak located at rather low temperature suggest possibility of high fading of the OSL signal. To investigate fading, the samples of LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti were stored in darkness (inside the DA-20 reader measurement chamber) for various times after irradiation (up to 60 h). The results are presented in Fig. 6, as TL and OSL signals normalized to the values for the shortest storage time (1 h). Fading rate exhibited by both materials is considerable, as they lost most of their signal during the 60 h storage time. The higher fading was observed for LiF:Mg,Cu,P. TL peak 2 decreases at a rate similar to the OSL signal for LiF:Mg,Cu,P, but for LiF:Mg,Ti the fading of TL signal is faster than OSL. The observed high fading seems to prevent utilization of LiF OSL in typical dosimetric applications. 4. Conclusions Both LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti standard TL detectors were found to exhibit quite substantial OSL sensitivity. In particular, in
Fig. 6. Fading of OSL signal and of TL peak 2 in LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti.
case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P this sensitivity was very high, significantly exceeding that of BeO. This material could be a very promising candidate for application in dosimetry, if not for the fading, which was found to be quite high, reaching nearly 80% loss of the signal within 60 h. The OSL signal intensity show a correlation with the peak 2 of the TL glow curves indicating that the same trapping sites are responsible for both processes. For LiF:Mg,Cu,P it seems possible that a small fraction of the OSL signal originates from other sites, as a considerable OSL signal was observed even after pre-heat up to 240 C. Peak 2 of LiF:Mg,Ti shows a peculiar property, that blue light stimulation removes only about half of its initial intensity, disregarding the duration of stimulation. This suggests, that this peak may have a composite structure and originates from both light-sensitive and light-insensitive trapping centres. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development (contract No PBS1/A9/4/2012). References
Fig. 5. Influence of pre-heat at various temperatures on the CW-OSL output. The inset presents CW-OSL decay curve for LiF:Mg,Cu,P pre-heated at 240 C.
Bilski, P., 2002. Lithium fluoride e from LiF:Mg,Ti to LiF:Mg,Cu,P. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 100, 199e203. Bøtter-Jensen, L., McKeever, S.W.S., Wintle, A.G., 2003. Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry. Elsevier. Gieszczyk, W., Bilski, P., Obryk, B., Olko, P., Bos, A.J.J., 2013. Spectral characteristic of high-dose high-temperature emission from LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N) TL detectors. Radiat. Meas. 53e54, 22e30. Marczewska, B., Bilski, P., Mandowska, E., Mandowski, A., 2012. Photoluminescence of gamma-, proton- and alpha-irradiated LiF detectors. Cent. Eur. J. Phys 10, 1009e1012.
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012
4
P. Bilski et al. / Radiation Measurements xxx (2014) 1e4
Matsushima, L.C., Veneziani, G.R., Campos, L.L., 2013. Study of optically stimulated luminescence of LiF:Mg,Ti for beta and gamma dosimetry. Radiat. Meas. 56, 365e368. Oster, L., Druzhyna, S., Horowitz, Y.S., 2011. Optically stimulated luminescence in LiF:Mg,Ti: application to solid-state radiation dosimetry. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 648, 261e265. Oster, L., Druzhyna, S., Orion, I., Horowitz, Y.S., 2013. Study of combinations of TL/ OSL single dosimeters for mixed high/low ionization density radiation fields. Radiat. Meas. 56, 320e323.
Piaskowska, A., Marczewska, B., Bilski, P., Mandowski, A., Mandowska, E., 2013. Photoluminescence measurements of LiF TL detectors. Radiat. Meas. 56, 209e212. Puchalska, M., Bilski, P., 2006. GlowFit e a new tool for thermoluminescence glowcurve deconvolution. Radiat. Meas. 41, 659e664. Sommer, M., Jahn, A., Henniger, J., 2011. A new personal dosimetry system for Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) photon dose based on OSL-dosimetry of beryllium oxide. Radiat. Meas. 46, 1818e1821. Yukihara, E.G., McKeever, S.W.S., 2011. Optically Stimulated Luminescence: Fundamentals and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Please cite this article in press as: Bilski, P., et al., OSL signal of lithium fluoride and its relationship with TL glow-curves, Radiation Measurements (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.01.012