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P07.9 Posterior auricular muscle and reflexes
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Posters / Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (2006) S121–S336
of responses may be heterogeneous, with different mechanisms. Some are indirect responses like F waves. Whether they originate from antidromic or reflex activation of motor neurons, or from activation of proximal portions of motor axons by the ascending sensory, or antidromic motor, responses is uncertain. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.276
P07.8 Mentalis muscle and brain stem reflexes O. Uyanik, A. Gunduz, M.E. Kiziltan Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Department of Neurology, Turkey Background and objectives: Mentalis muscle (MM) is a facial muscle innervated by mandibular division of facial nerve and is the effector muscle of palmo-mental reflex. MM is studied in dentistry and in diseases progressing by facial hyperactivity like hemifacial spasm. We aimed to study mental responses by supraorbital and median electrical as well as auditory stimulations in normal population. Cases and method: Sixteen cases (6 men, 10 women, age range 50–71 years) were included. In all cases, responses were recorded from MM and orbicularis oculi muscle (OOC) which is a thorough reference point by supraorbital, median and auditory stimuli. Supraorbital electrical stimulus was given as three times blink reflex threshold and auditory stimulus by earphone simultaneously in two ears as bursts, 8 times in 105 dB intensity, with 2–5 min random intervals in 45 min. Results: By supraorbital stimuli responses were obtained from OOC in 16 and from MM in 13 cases. Mean OOC R1, R2 and MM latencies were 10.2 + 1.2 ms, 33.2 + 2.5 ms and 56.2 + 8.2 ms, respectively. Median stimuli evoked response in 10 individuals from OOC and in 9 individuals from mentalis muscle; mean latencies were 47.9 + 8.3 ms and 93.2 + 27.0 ms, respectively. Auditory stimuli led to response in 15 cases from OOC and 9 from MM with mean latencies 37.5 + 12.5 ms and 71.3 + 17.5 ms, respectively. Conclusion: MM is localized in central part of face. Normal range of MM responses may be useful as they give information about facial nerve and face pathologies. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.277
P07.9 Posterior auricular muscle and reflexes O. Uyanik, R. Sahin, M.E. Kiziltan, A. Gunduz Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Department of Neurology, Turkey Background and objectives: Posterior auricular muscle (PAM) is a rudimentary muscle localized retroaurically.
PAM is innervated by the most proximal division of facial nerve and was previously defined as effector organ of posterior auricular reflex (PAR). It is not known whether response is obtained from PAM by supraorbital electrical stimulation. In this study, we aimed to study the responses from PAM by supraorbital and auditory stimulation in normal population. Cases and method: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (8 men, 15 women, age range 25–66 years) were included. Responses were recorded from orbicularis oculi muscle (OOC) and PAM by surface electrodes. Supraorbital electrical stimuli were applied by blink reflex (BR) standard method and auditory stimulus by earphone as bursts, 8 times in 105 dB intensity, with 2–5 min random intervals in 45 min. Results: Electrical BR was in normal range in all cases. Supraorbital stimulation led to PAM responses in 16 cases with latencies ranging between 38 and 90 ms and responses were thought to be effected by contamination from trigeminocervical reflex. Auditory blink reflex was obtained in 21 individuals and mean latency was 33 ms. PAR was recorded from 10 individuals and mean latency was 9 ms. Conclusion: Since PAM is innervated by the most proximal division of facial nerve normal latency ranges of PAR may be useful clinically by giving information about facial nerve pathologies especially in early phases. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.278
P07.10 Soleus H-reflex is depressed during passive stretch of soleus muscle D. Kanter, Y. Zhu, M. McNulty, R. Weber SUNY Upstate Medical University, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, USA Background: The regulation of soleus H-reflex amplitude is complex. The excitability of the motor neuron, as well as the premotoneuronal events determine the amplitude of the H-reflex. Sustained tension of the muscle elicits steady firing of the Ia sensory fiber, which might affect the H-reflex from that muscle. Objectives: To study the effects of sustained passive muscle stretching on the amplitude of soleus H-reflex. Method: Nine healthy subjects aged 27–43 (3 female, 6 male) were studied. In 6 subjects both legs were tested and in 3 subjects only one leg was tested. Subjects were placed in the prone position with both feet hanging off the edge of the table with the ankle in neutral position, with the knee in full extension. Stretch of the soleus muscle was performed with tonic pressure applied to the forefoot, to full passive range of motion of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint. No knee joint movement was caused during the test. We measured Mmax with and without stretch, Hmax with and without stretch, and Hmax with contralateral soleus muscle stretch.
Posters / Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (2006) S121–S336
of responses may be heterogeneous, with different mechanisms. Some are indirect responses like F waves. Whether they originate from antidromic or reflex activation of motor neurons, or from activation of proximal portions of motor axons by the ascending sensory, or antidromic motor, responses is uncertain. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.276
P07.8 Mentalis muscle and brain stem reflexes O. Uyanik, A. Gunduz, M.E. Kiziltan Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Department of Neurology, Turkey Background and objectives: Mentalis muscle (MM) is a facial muscle innervated by mandibular division of facial nerve and is the effector muscle of palmo-mental reflex. MM is studied in dentistry and in diseases progressing by facial hyperactivity like hemifacial spasm. We aimed to study mental responses by supraorbital and median electrical as well as auditory stimulations in normal population. Cases and method: Sixteen cases (6 men, 10 women, age range 50–71 years) were included. In all cases, responses were recorded from MM and orbicularis oculi muscle (OOC) which is a thorough reference point by supraorbital, median and auditory stimuli. Supraorbital electrical stimulus was given as three times blink reflex threshold and auditory stimulus by earphone simultaneously in two ears as bursts, 8 times in 105 dB intensity, with 2–5 min random intervals in 45 min. Results: By supraorbital stimuli responses were obtained from OOC in 16 and from MM in 13 cases. Mean OOC R1, R2 and MM latencies were 10.2 + 1.2 ms, 33.2 + 2.5 ms and 56.2 + 8.2 ms, respectively. Median stimuli evoked response in 10 individuals from OOC and in 9 individuals from mentalis muscle; mean latencies were 47.9 + 8.3 ms and 93.2 + 27.0 ms, respectively. Auditory stimuli led to response in 15 cases from OOC and 9 from MM with mean latencies 37.5 + 12.5 ms and 71.3 + 17.5 ms, respectively. Conclusion: MM is localized in central part of face. Normal range of MM responses may be useful as they give information about facial nerve and face pathologies. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.277
P07.9 Posterior auricular muscle and reflexes O. Uyanik, R. Sahin, M.E. Kiziltan, A. Gunduz Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Department of Neurology, Turkey Background and objectives: Posterior auricular muscle (PAM) is a rudimentary muscle localized retroaurically.
PAM is innervated by the most proximal division of facial nerve and was previously defined as effector organ of posterior auricular reflex (PAR). It is not known whether response is obtained from PAM by supraorbital electrical stimulation. In this study, we aimed to study the responses from PAM by supraorbital and auditory stimulation in normal population. Cases and method: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (8 men, 15 women, age range 25–66 years) were included. Responses were recorded from orbicularis oculi muscle (OOC) and PAM by surface electrodes. Supraorbital electrical stimuli were applied by blink reflex (BR) standard method and auditory stimulus by earphone as bursts, 8 times in 105 dB intensity, with 2–5 min random intervals in 45 min. Results: Electrical BR was in normal range in all cases. Supraorbital stimulation led to PAM responses in 16 cases with latencies ranging between 38 and 90 ms and responses were thought to be effected by contamination from trigeminocervical reflex. Auditory blink reflex was obtained in 21 individuals and mean latency was 33 ms. PAR was recorded from 10 individuals and mean latency was 9 ms. Conclusion: Since PAM is innervated by the most proximal division of facial nerve normal latency ranges of PAR may be useful clinically by giving information about facial nerve pathologies especially in early phases. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.278
P07.10 Soleus H-reflex is depressed during passive stretch of soleus muscle D. Kanter, Y. Zhu, M. McNulty, R. Weber SUNY Upstate Medical University, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, USA Background: The regulation of soleus H-reflex amplitude is complex. The excitability of the motor neuron, as well as the premotoneuronal events determine the amplitude of the H-reflex. Sustained tension of the muscle elicits steady firing of the Ia sensory fiber, which might affect the H-reflex from that muscle. Objectives: To study the effects of sustained passive muscle stretching on the amplitude of soleus H-reflex. Method: Nine healthy subjects aged 27–43 (3 female, 6 male) were studied. In 6 subjects both legs were tested and in 3 subjects only one leg was tested. Subjects were placed in the prone position with both feet hanging off the edge of the table with the ankle in neutral position, with the knee in full extension. Stretch of the soleus muscle was performed with tonic pressure applied to the forefoot, to full passive range of motion of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint. No knee joint movement was caused during the test. We measured Mmax with and without stretch, Hmax with and without stretch, and Hmax with contralateral soleus muscle stretch.