- Email: [email protected]
P1-164 An early report of the rationale, approach and establishment of Born in Bradford a bi-ethnic birth cohort study
Posters cohort participants compared to reference data. Boys with an apoB/A1 ratio in the upper quartile of the cohort had significantly higher BMI z-score, waist z-score, % body fat, diastolic blood pressure and frequency of the metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). In girls, waist circumference, % body fat and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was higher in those with an apoB/A1 ratio in the upper quartile (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the apoB/A1 ratio may be useful to identify cardiovascular risk in Australian Aboriginal children. These apolipoproteins have the advantage of being non-fasting and use standardized assays that are accurate and automated. P1-163 Prevalence and associations of the metabolic syndrome in aboriginal children: the Australian Birth Cohort Study 1987 2001 E.A.C. Sellers1 , G. Singh2 *, S. Sayers2 . 1 University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 2 Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Aims: to describe the prevalence and associations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Australian Aboriginal children and to determine if simple, anthropometric measures can be used to identify those at highest risk for the MetS. Study design: cross sectional study nested within a longitudinal birth cohort study. Subjects: the birth cohort of Aboriginal children from the Darwin Health Region (Northern Territory, Australia) was established between 1987 and 1990. Cohort participants were re-examined between December 1998 and March 2001. Outcome measures: MetS, obesity, elevated waist circumference, skin fold thickness and insulin resistance. Results: 489/570 (86%) of the original cohort was examined at a mean age of 11.4 years. Of these, 258 (55%) had fasting blood work. 14% had the MetS. 6.4% were overweight; 4.9% were obese. 26.2% had an elevated waist circumference and mean % body fat was 30.2%. Participants with the MetS had higher BMI and waist z-scores, % body fat, HOMA-IR and skin fold thickness then those without (p < 0.001). Over 50% of those with the MetS where neither overweight nor obese. Waist circumference was significantly associated with insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR (p < 0.001). Conclusions: the MetS was frequent in this cohort despite low rates of overweight and obesity. A tendency for central adiposity is already evident in this young cohort. The measurement of waist circumference may help identify Aboriginal children at high risk for the MetS who can then be targeted for further investigation and intervention. P1-164 An early report of the rationale, approach and establishment of Born in Bradford a bi-ethnic birth cohort study N. Small *, for the Born In Bradford Research Group. University of Bradford, UK E-mail: [email protected] Aims: To examine how genetic, nutritional, social and environmental factors impact on health and development during childhood, to test hypotheses for health and social interventions. Study design: a birth cohort study recruiting women in the 26th week of pregnancy, and husbands/partners. Inclusion criteria is to be born in the city of Bradford. Recruitment will be for two years, hence a maximum of 11,000 babies and their families. Follow up will be via routine collected health data and targeted questionnaire/interviews. Subjects: 60% of babies born in Bradford are in the first quintile of deprivation for England and Wales: nearly 50% of babies born each year are to parents of Pakistani origin, predominantly from Mirpur District. Outcome measures: include infant mortality: prevalence of congenital anomalies; birth weight differences between Asian and
S129 white babies; insulin resistance; association between dietary exposure to chemicals with carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties with childhood cancer and immune disorders: relationship between occupational factors, traffic related air pollution and chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and intra uterine growth retardation. Results: Recruitment began in March 2007. This presentation focuses on the establishment of the study its focus and community links. Conclusions: The importance of local consultation, and use of routine data will be stressed. Early thoughts about linked studies in Mirpur will be shared and advice sought. P1-165 A potential mechanism for the increased cardiovascular morbidity in depression protective effects of antidepressants M. Schwab *, C. Schinzel, D. Reymann, O.W. Witte. Dept. of Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, and Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Aims: Experimental perinatal glucocorticoid administration induces increased femoral vascular resistance (J Physiol 2003; 547: 61 6) and hypertension (Neuroendocrinology 1996; 64: 412 8) in postnatal life. Perinatal stress increases susceptibility for depressive behavior (J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48: 224 44). In turn, depression is associated with HPA axis dysregulation (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 234 8) and increased cardiovascular morbidity (Curr Opin Cardiol 2007; 22: 286 91) and cerebrovascular mortality (Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1823 9). Antidepressants improve stroke outcome (Am J Psychiatr 2000; 157: 351 9). We hypothetized altered vascular reactivity in the cerebral circulation contributes to increased cerebrovascular mortality. Study design: We examined vascular responsiveness in a rat strain that exhibit enhanced trait anxiety (Behav Genet 2002; 32: 301 14). These rats respond to stress with hyperreactivity of the HPA axis and show depression-like behavior. At 14 months of age, tension of middle cerebral (MCA) and renal arteries (RA) that are involved in arterial pressure control (Am J Physiol 2002; 283: R441 50) was measured using wire myography in male controls (n = 6), depressive rats (n = 5) and depressive rats treated daily with 3mg 1 kg 1 citalopram s.c. for four weeks (n = 5). Results: Depressive rats showed enhanced contractility of the MCA and RA to K+ and noradrenaline whereas vasoconstriction to noradrenaline was less increased in the MCA than RA (p < 0.05). After precontraction with noradrenaline, vasodilatation in response to Ach but not PGE2 was decreased in the MCA and RA (p < 0.05). Treatment with citalopram reversed the effects and even increased relaxation to Ach and PGE2 compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Depression is associated with increased vascular tone that may contribute to the increased cerebro- and cardiovascular morbidity and is probably mediated by HPA axis dysregulation. The beneficial effect of citalopram might be due to facilitation of negative feedback inhibition of the HPA axis (Biol Psychiatry 2001; 49: 391 404). P2-1 Placental restriction increases plasma leptin and alters its relationship to feeding activity in the young lamb J.A. Owens1 *, M.J. De Blasio1 , D. Blache2 , K.L. Gatford1 , J.S. Robinson1 . 1 Research Centre for Early Origins of Adult Health and Disease, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 2 Department of Animal Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Aims: Low birth weight and infant catch-up growth predict increased adiposity and increased plasma leptin in children and adults. Placental restriction (PR) is a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction and we have shown that in sheep, PR reduces size at birth, causes catch-up growth, and increases feeding activity and adiposity by 6 weeks of age. The effect of PR on plasma leptin
S129 white babies; insulin resistance; association between dietary exposure to chemicals with carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties with childhood cancer and immune disorders: relationship between occupational factors, traffic related air pollution and chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and intra uterine growth retardation. Results: Recruitment began in March 2007. This presentation focuses on the establishment of the study its focus and community links. Conclusions: The importance of local consultation, and use of routine data will be stressed. Early thoughts about linked studies in Mirpur will be shared and advice sought. P1-165 A potential mechanism for the increased cardiovascular morbidity in depression protective effects of antidepressants M. Schwab *, C. Schinzel, D. Reymann, O.W. Witte. Dept. of Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, and Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Aims: Experimental perinatal glucocorticoid administration induces increased femoral vascular resistance (J Physiol 2003; 547: 61 6) and hypertension (Neuroendocrinology 1996; 64: 412 8) in postnatal life. Perinatal stress increases susceptibility for depressive behavior (J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48: 224 44). In turn, depression is associated with HPA axis dysregulation (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 234 8) and increased cardiovascular morbidity (Curr Opin Cardiol 2007; 22: 286 91) and cerebrovascular mortality (Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1823 9). Antidepressants improve stroke outcome (Am J Psychiatr 2000; 157: 351 9). We hypothetized altered vascular reactivity in the cerebral circulation contributes to increased cerebrovascular mortality. Study design: We examined vascular responsiveness in a rat strain that exhibit enhanced trait anxiety (Behav Genet 2002; 32: 301 14). These rats respond to stress with hyperreactivity of the HPA axis and show depression-like behavior. At 14 months of age, tension of middle cerebral (MCA) and renal arteries (RA) that are involved in arterial pressure control (Am J Physiol 2002; 283: R441 50) was measured using wire myography in male controls (n = 6), depressive rats (n = 5) and depressive rats treated daily with 3mg 1 kg 1 citalopram s.c. for four weeks (n = 5). Results: Depressive rats showed enhanced contractility of the MCA and RA to K+ and noradrenaline whereas vasoconstriction to noradrenaline was less increased in the MCA than RA (p < 0.05). After precontraction with noradrenaline, vasodilatation in response to Ach but not PGE2 was decreased in the MCA and RA (p < 0.05). Treatment with citalopram reversed the effects and even increased relaxation to Ach and PGE2 compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Depression is associated with increased vascular tone that may contribute to the increased cerebro- and cardiovascular morbidity and is probably mediated by HPA axis dysregulation. The beneficial effect of citalopram might be due to facilitation of negative feedback inhibition of the HPA axis (Biol Psychiatry 2001; 49: 391 404). P2-1 Placental restriction increases plasma leptin and alters its relationship to feeding activity in the young lamb J.A. Owens1 *, M.J. De Blasio1 , D. Blache2 , K.L. Gatford1 , J.S. Robinson1 . 1 Research Centre for Early Origins of Adult Health and Disease, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 2 Department of Animal Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Aims: Low birth weight and infant catch-up growth predict increased adiposity and increased plasma leptin in children and adults. Placental restriction (PR) is a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction and we have shown that in sheep, PR reduces size at birth, causes catch-up growth, and increases feeding activity and adiposity by 6 weeks of age. The effect of PR on plasma leptin