P.1.c.009 Trajectories of adolescent conduct problems and cortical thickness: a longitudinal MRI study

P.1.c. Basic and clinical neuroscience − Neurodevelopment P.1.c.009 Trajectories of adolescent conduct problems and cortical thickness: a longitudinal MRI study S. Oostermeijer1 ° , A. Popma1 , C. Suo2 , S. Whittle3 , P.M. Van de Ven4 , L.M.C. Jansen1 , M. Yucel2 1 VUmc/de Bascule, Child − and Adolescent Psychiatry, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands; 2 Monash University, Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia; 3 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne, Australia; 4 VUmc, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Introduction: Differentiating between persisting and desisting antisocial behaviours during adolescence have become a field of interest for many clinicians and researchers. Earlier research has shown abnormalities linked to antisocial behaviours in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the temporal lobe and structures in the limbic system [1−4]. However, most imaging studies are crosssectional, and it remains unclear how the development of antisocial behaviours are linked to brain development in adolescence. To our knowledge, the current study is the first longitudinal study investigating different trajectories of conduct problems during adolescence, and the development of cortical thickness in a large community sample. Methods: Participants. The current study derived a sample from a larger longitudinal cohort from the Orygen Adolescent Development Study, conducted in Melbourne, Australia [5]. Adolescents participated in structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging and questionnaire based assessments for behavioural problems at three time points at T1 (n = 145, mean age 12.8, S.D. 0.4, 54.5% male), T2 (n = 137, mean age 16.7, S.D. 0.5, 49.3% male) and T3 (n = 137, mean age 19.1, S.D. 0.5, 49% male). Statistical analyses. A Latent Class Growth Analyses (LCGA) was performed on the conduct problem items of the Youth Self Report (YSR) questionnaire. Cortical thickness of Regions of Interests (ROIs) were estimated at T1, T2 and T3 using the longitudinal stream in FreeSurfer (5.1). ROIs included the prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral PFC, ventromedial PFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the parahippocampal area and the insula. GEE-analyses were conducted to reveal different trajectories of cortical thickness of the ROIs for the three classes. Results: The LCGA revealed three classes with different trajectories of conduct problems, in which class 1 showed high conduct problems and decreased over time (n = 33 at T1); class 2 showed intermediate conduct problems and increased over time (n = 12 at T1); and finally class 3 showed stable low conduct problems (n = 100 at T1). Based on this LCGA, adolescents were allocated to one of three classes, which were then compared on their development of cortical thickness of the ROIs across three timepoints. The GEE-analyses revealed different trajectories for bilateral dorsolateral PFC, the ACC, parahippocampal area and the insula. For the left hemisphere also the ventrolateral PFC showed different trajectories between classes. Conclusion: Current preliminary results showed that differential growth trajectories of conduct problems during adolescence, show distinct neural development in several cortical areas. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal MRI study to show that such brain development is linked to the developmental path of conduct problems. These results may give indications of deviant cortical maturation in several ROIs, linked to the different developmental pathways of conduct problems. Additionally, whole

S199

brain analyses (Freesurfer 5.1) will be performed to investigate differences in rates of change between the three classes. References [1] Weber, S., Habel, U., Amunts, K., & Schneider, F., 2008. Structural brain abnormalities in psychopaths—A review. Behavioral sciences & the law 26(1), 7−28. [2] Wahlund, K., & Kristiansson, M., 2009. Aggression, psychopathy and brain imaging—review and future recommendations. International journal of law and psychiatry 32(4), 266–271. [3] Fairchild, G., Passamonti, L., Hurford, G., Hagan, C.C., von dem Hagen, E.A., van Goozen, S.H., . . . & Calder, A.J., 2011. Brain structure abnormalities in early-onset and adolescent-onset conduct disorder. Brain 168(6), 624–633 [4] De Brito, S.A., Mechelli, A., Wilke, M., Laurens, K.R., Jones, A.P., Barker, G.J., . . . & Viding, E., 2009. Size matters: Increased grey matter in boys with conduct problems and callous–unemotional traits. Brain 132, 843–852. [5] Whittle, S., Dennison, M., Vijayakumar, N., Simmons, J.G., Y¨ucel, M., Lubman, D.I., . . . & Allen, N.B., 2013. Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology affect brain development during adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 52(9), 940–952

P.1.c.010 Access to diagnosis, treatment and supportive services: results from the caregiver perspective on pediatric ADHD study in Europe M. Fridman1 , J. Quintero2 , K. Chen3 ° , V. Harpin4 , T. Banaschewski5 , V. Sikirica6 1 AMF Consulting − Inc., Los Angeles, USA; 2 Hosp. Univ. Infanta Leonor, Psychiatry Department, Madrid, Spain; 3 Shire, Health Economics Outcomes Research and Epidemiology and PRO, Lexington, USA; 4 Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; 5 Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Mannheim, Germany; 6 Shire, Global Health Economics Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Wayne, USA Purpose: To evaluate the access to obtain a diagnosis for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioural therapy (BT) and ADHD supportive care for European children/ adolescents with ADHD from the caregiver’s prespective. Methods: Caregiver Perspective on Pediatric ADHD (CAPPA) is a cross-sectional online survey completed between 2012 and 2013 by caregivers of children/adolescents aged 6−17 years with ADHD in 10 European countries: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Data from Denmark, Finland and Norway were pooled because of small sample sizes. Responses from caregivers of children/ adolescents receiving ADHD pharmacological treatment at the time of survey or within the previous 6 months were analysed. Caregivers were asked about their experiences with obtaining an ADHD diagnosis, access to BT, and the level of support from social services, healthcare providers and schools. Responses were summarized and compared across countries using chi-square and t-tests for categorical and continuous measures, respectively. Results: Among 3616 respondents, 81% were married/ partnered; 64% of caregivers were the child/adolescent’s mother, 30% their father and the rest had other relation to the child/ adolescent. Children’s mean (SD) age was 11.5 (3.2) years and 80% were male. Pan-EU and the individual country range summaries are presented in the table. Thirty-one percent (range: 21−43%) of caregivers reported difficulty in obtaining a diagnosis and 44% (range: 23−77%) received no BT. Only 47%