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P.1.g.008 Superior face recognition in body dysmorphic disorder
P.1.g. Basic and clinical neuroscience − Cognitive neuroscience individual logistic regression analysis including illness perceptions, stress, HADS anxiety and depression, and all-or-nothing behaviour, were then entered into two separate multiple regression analysis. The resultant model for PCS at 3 months included all-ornothing behaviour, and the resultant model at 6 months included all-or-nothing behaviour and negative illness perceptions. All-ornothing behaviour was found to be an independent predictor for PCS at 3 months (Odds Ratio 1.141, 95% confidence interval 1.050 to 1.240, p = 0.002), while negative illness perceptions was an independent predictor at 6 months after injury (Odds Ratio 1.053, 95% confidence interval 1.008 to 1.101, p = 0.021). Conclusions: The study provides good support for the proposed cognitive behavioural model for PCS. Patients’ negative illness beliefs and certain behavioural response play important roles in the development of PCS, indicating that they may be important early intervention targets. References [1] Kay A, Teasdale G (2001) Head injury in the United Kingdom. World J Surg 25: 1210−20. [2] King NS (2003) Post-concussion syndrome: clarity amid the controversy? Br J Psychiatry 183: 276−8. [3] Williams WH, Potter S, Ryland H (2010) Mild traumatic brain injury and Postconcussion Syndrome: a neuropsychological perspective. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:1033.
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to correctly recognise inverted famous faces compared to wellmatched controls (t = 4.59 df = 26, p < 0.001). This was supported by both groups performing the test in the upright condition (no differences were seen between the groups). In contrast, participants with BDD showed a specific deficit in recognising fearful facial emotions [F(1,24) = 4.53, p = 0.04, partial h2 = 0.16]. When emotions on the FEEST were split into ‘threat’ (anger, fear, disgust) and ‘no-threat’ (happiness, sadness, surprise) emotions, the BDD group performed similarly to controls when viewing ‘no-threat’ expressions [F(1,24) = 16.59, p < 0.001, partial h2 = 0.41]. In contrast, they showed significantly poorer scores than controls when viewing threatful expressions. Conclusions: BDD participants excel over controls at performing the inverted famous faces task. This is an unusual finding and may represent a neurocognitive marker for BDD. The specific deficit within the BDD group for recognising fearful expressions may be another feature of the disorder and, taking account of previous studies that suggest a deficit in recognising angry expressions, implicates the abnormal processing of negatively valenced emotional material that may represent a causal factor or a consequence of BDD. The specificity of these findings for BDD merit further investigation using other clinical groups and a larger sample size. References
P.1.g.008 Superior face recognition in body dysmorphic disorder K. Jefferies1 ° , K. Laws2 , N.A. Fineberg3 . 1 Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Mental Health Unit, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; 2 University of Hertfordshire, School of Psychology, Hatfield, United Kingdom; 3 Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mental Health Unit, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom Background: Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) have an obsessive preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance and are concerned that they have a bodily imperfection which they consider to be unsightly. The disorder has been estimated to affect 1−2% of the population [1]. In some cases, individuals exaggerate a trivial flaw, in other cases they are troubled by an imaginary defect. The disorder can permeate all parts of the individual’s life, causing them to become socially isolated, and as a result often exists comorbidly with depression, anxiety and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Individuals with BDD may have a propensity for viewing faces differently from healthy controls. In an attempt to explore these processing changes in more detail, we investigate face processing in BDD using two facial recognition tasks; one testing the recognition of facial characteristics, the other testing the recognition of facial expressions of emotion. The purpose of the study is to investigate further the differences observed within individuals with BDD in facial feature and facial expression processing with the expectation of yielding more information about the perceptual processing of faces in BDD. Findings are hoped to influence further research into this area and improve knowledge for professionals within clinical settings. Methods: Participants with BDD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 16) were tested for inverted face recognition using the Inverted Famous Faces Task (IFT) and the Facial Expression of Emotions Stimulus and Test emotion recognition task (FEEST). The groups were matched for Age, IQ and education. Results: Results were covaried for depression and anxiety and showed that participants with BDD showed a significant ability
[1] Rief, W., Buhlmann, U., Wilhelm, S., Borkenhagen, A., Br¨ahler, E., 2006 The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: a population-based survey. Psychological Medicine 36, 877–885.
P.1.g.009 Cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia vs bipolar disorder: an observational study G. Cerveri1 ° , V. Venturi1 , L.S. Volonteri1 , M.C. Mauri2 , A. Mazzocchi1 , C. Mencacci1 . 1 AO Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Dept of Psychiatry, Milan, Italy; 2 Fondazione IRCCS C`a Granda Ospedale Maggiore, UO Psichiatria, Milan, Italy Purpose of the study: There is a growing consensus regarding the importance of cognitive deficits into the major diagnostic systems. One of the main arguments supporting the inclusion of cognitive impairment between diagnostic criteria is the expectation that such qualification of the clinical picture would help to define a “point of rarity” between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Keefe and Fenton (2007) discuss the literature data on cognitive differences between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and conclude that these two clinical entities may be separable from a cognitive point of view [1]. In a more recent review on this issue, Bora et al. (2010) find that cognitive impairment would not provide a major advance in discriminating Schizophrenia from Bipolar Disorder [2]. The present study aims to evaluate clinical and cognitive characteristics of a sample of outpatients affected by Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder. All patients were recruited in Outpatient Psychiatric Public Service in an urban area of Milan, Italy. Methods: The five months evaluation included 42 subjects, 63% male, mean age 44.3 years (SD 12.1), treated in our Outpatients Psychiatric Service and presenting diagnosis of Schizophrenia (N = 23; 54%) or Bipolar Disorder (N = 19; 46%). All participants were evaluated by using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (24 items), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Quality of Life Index (QL-Index) and Global Assessment of Functioning
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to correctly recognise inverted famous faces compared to wellmatched controls (t = 4.59 df = 26, p < 0.001). This was supported by both groups performing the test in the upright condition (no differences were seen between the groups). In contrast, participants with BDD showed a specific deficit in recognising fearful facial emotions [F(1,24) = 4.53, p = 0.04, partial h2 = 0.16]. When emotions on the FEEST were split into ‘threat’ (anger, fear, disgust) and ‘no-threat’ (happiness, sadness, surprise) emotions, the BDD group performed similarly to controls when viewing ‘no-threat’ expressions [F(1,24) = 16.59, p < 0.001, partial h2 = 0.41]. In contrast, they showed significantly poorer scores than controls when viewing threatful expressions. Conclusions: BDD participants excel over controls at performing the inverted famous faces task. This is an unusual finding and may represent a neurocognitive marker for BDD. The specific deficit within the BDD group for recognising fearful expressions may be another feature of the disorder and, taking account of previous studies that suggest a deficit in recognising angry expressions, implicates the abnormal processing of negatively valenced emotional material that may represent a causal factor or a consequence of BDD. The specificity of these findings for BDD merit further investigation using other clinical groups and a larger sample size. References
P.1.g.008 Superior face recognition in body dysmorphic disorder K. Jefferies1 ° , K. Laws2 , N.A. Fineberg3 . 1 Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Mental Health Unit, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; 2 University of Hertfordshire, School of Psychology, Hatfield, United Kingdom; 3 Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mental Health Unit, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom Background: Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) have an obsessive preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance and are concerned that they have a bodily imperfection which they consider to be unsightly. The disorder has been estimated to affect 1−2% of the population [1]. In some cases, individuals exaggerate a trivial flaw, in other cases they are troubled by an imaginary defect. The disorder can permeate all parts of the individual’s life, causing them to become socially isolated, and as a result often exists comorbidly with depression, anxiety and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Individuals with BDD may have a propensity for viewing faces differently from healthy controls. In an attempt to explore these processing changes in more detail, we investigate face processing in BDD using two facial recognition tasks; one testing the recognition of facial characteristics, the other testing the recognition of facial expressions of emotion. The purpose of the study is to investigate further the differences observed within individuals with BDD in facial feature and facial expression processing with the expectation of yielding more information about the perceptual processing of faces in BDD. Findings are hoped to influence further research into this area and improve knowledge for professionals within clinical settings. Methods: Participants with BDD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 16) were tested for inverted face recognition using the Inverted Famous Faces Task (IFT) and the Facial Expression of Emotions Stimulus and Test emotion recognition task (FEEST). The groups were matched for Age, IQ and education. Results: Results were covaried for depression and anxiety and showed that participants with BDD showed a significant ability
[1] Rief, W., Buhlmann, U., Wilhelm, S., Borkenhagen, A., Br¨ahler, E., 2006 The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: a population-based survey. Psychological Medicine 36, 877–885.
P.1.g.009 Cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia vs bipolar disorder: an observational study G. Cerveri1 ° , V. Venturi1 , L.S. Volonteri1 , M.C. Mauri2 , A. Mazzocchi1 , C. Mencacci1 . 1 AO Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Dept of Psychiatry, Milan, Italy; 2 Fondazione IRCCS C`a Granda Ospedale Maggiore, UO Psichiatria, Milan, Italy Purpose of the study: There is a growing consensus regarding the importance of cognitive deficits into the major diagnostic systems. One of the main arguments supporting the inclusion of cognitive impairment between diagnostic criteria is the expectation that such qualification of the clinical picture would help to define a “point of rarity” between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Keefe and Fenton (2007) discuss the literature data on cognitive differences between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and conclude that these two clinical entities may be separable from a cognitive point of view [1]. In a more recent review on this issue, Bora et al. (2010) find that cognitive impairment would not provide a major advance in discriminating Schizophrenia from Bipolar Disorder [2]. The present study aims to evaluate clinical and cognitive characteristics of a sample of outpatients affected by Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder. All patients were recruited in Outpatient Psychiatric Public Service in an urban area of Milan, Italy. Methods: The five months evaluation included 42 subjects, 63% male, mean age 44.3 years (SD 12.1), treated in our Outpatients Psychiatric Service and presenting diagnosis of Schizophrenia (N = 23; 54%) or Bipolar Disorder (N = 19; 46%). All participants were evaluated by using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (24 items), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Quality of Life Index (QL-Index) and Global Assessment of Functioning