- Email: [email protected]
P206 I Tweet, You Tweet, We All Tweet About Listeria in Ice Cream
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior Volume 51, Number 7S, 2019 P204 (continued) scribers survey (21% return rate; n = 992) indicated only 20% of respondents found the website through an organic search; other methods included electronic mailing list announcement (14%), professional conferences (13%), forward from email (13%), other (13%), and co-worker (11%). Though both data sets showed a website visitor age span of 18-65+ years, the highest percent of organic visitors was 25-34-years-old (30%) while 70% of newsletter subscribers fell into the 40-69-year-old range. Most subscribers (94%) were female compared to 65% of general visitors. Similar topics of interest for both groups were: food safety, storage, and cooking. Conclusions: Data highlighted how using additional venues to promote website materials, such as newsletters, should be used beyond only placing content online. Newsletters may appeal to a more specific age and gender than organic search traffic. Though general topic interest may be similar, newsletter surveys helped tease out more specific interests. Funding: None.
P205 Detox Tea Advertising on Social Media: Examining the Content of Popular Detox Tea Brands on Instagram Kendra Auguste, MA, MPH, [email protected], University of Florida, 2000 Weimer Hall, PO Box 118400, Gainesville, FL 32611; Amanda Bradshaw, MS, University of Florida; Alexis Bajalia, BS, University of Florida; Debbie Treise, PhD, University of Florida; Summer Shelton, MA, University of Florida; Matthew Cretul, MA, University of Florida; Montserrat Carrera Seoane, MA, University of Florida Background: Social media has emerged as a major influence on consumer health and behavior (Korda and Itani 2013). With more than a third of all U.S. adults using the social networking site Instagram (Pew Research Center 2017), food and dietary supplement marketing may be effective in building consumer awareness and furthermore influencing attitudes towards advertised products. Advertisements for detox tea products in particular are widely prevalent on social media, with celebrity endorsements being the most notable. However, little is known of what information detox tea brands include in marketing messages on the popular social networking site, Instagram. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of detox tea advertisements on Instagram in order to understand how detox teas are being portrayed in social media. Study Design, Settings, Participants: A qualitative content analysis explored how 11 detox tea brands advertised their products on Instagram. The use of health claims and nutrient claims in posts were also recorded. Detox tea brand posts were selected for analysis during Thanksgiving weekend of 2017. Previous research has shown that people are more health conscious during the holidays as body weight significantly increases (and is retained throughout the year) due to increased dietary
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intake during this time. A total of 220 posts were coded by researchers. Measurable Outcome/Analysis: Coding and identification of themes was conducted using the constant comparative method. Results: Findings suggested structure-function claims were the most frequently used. Qualitative content analysis revealed five overarching themes in the content of detox tea posts on Instagram including advertising and promotion of products, two-way dialogue with the brand, brand connections, health and fitness and finally, social sharing. Conclusion: Exploring the content of these supplement advertisements provides insight on useful strategies for increasing brand engagement on social media. Additionally, analysis of this content supports research suggesting a connection between exposure to social media content and influencing consumer behavior. Funding: None.
P206 I Tweet, You Tweet, We All Tweet About Listeria in Ice Cream Lori Greene, MS, LD, RDN, [email protected], University of Alabama, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487; Hyoungkoo Khang, PhD, University of Alabama Background: Forty-eight million Americans are affected by foodborne illnesses each year with over 3,000 deaths attributed to these illnesses indicating the need for accurate and timely communication of outbreaks and recalls. Objective: To compare the frame of messages and source of tweets on Twitter from the Blue Bell Creameries listeria outbreak after the initial announcement of the foodborne illness outbreak in March 2015 and after the announcement of the recall of all Blue Bell products in April 2015. Study Design, Settings, Participants: Tweets were gathered from ForSight and Crimson Hexagon using the key words “blue bell” and “listeria” or “recall.” Systematic random sampling was performed to analyze approximately 20% of tweets with the final sample size of 443 tweets from March 13-17, 2015 and 2,223 tweets from April 20-24, 2015. Measurable Outcome/Analysis: A quantitative content analysis was performed to determine the source of the message, frame of the message, message sentiment, and use of web link in message. The Chi square statistical test was used to determine if there were any significant differences between the date ranges. A qualitative content analysis was performed in NVIVO to determine the most frequent words found in the tweets. Results: A significant difference was found between the two date ranges between the frames of the tweets [x2 (6, N = 2,666) = 46.315, P < .001], the source of the tweets [x2 (5, N = 2,666) = 49.154, P < .001], the message sentiment [x2 (5, N = 2,666) = 47.189, P < .001], and the use of a web link in the tweets [x2 (2, N = 2,666) = 17.508, P < .001]. The frequent words used in the tweets from March 13-17, 2015 were linked, deaths, outbreak, products, and three. The frequent words used in the tweets from April 20-24, Continued on page S126
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P206 (continued) 2015 were products, creameries, issues, positive, and outbreak. Conclusion: Social media could be a valuable communication avenue to communicate future foodborne illness outbreaks and food recalls. Funding: None.
P207 Using Formative Research to Develop the HappyHealthy Social Marketing Campaign Laura H. Downey, DPH, [email protected], Mississippi State University, PO Box 9745, Mississippi State, MS 39762; Alisha M. Hardman, PhD, CFLE, Mississippi State University; Sylvia Byrd, PhD, RDN, LDN, Mississippi State University Background: Across the nation, SNAP-Ed direct nutritional education efforts have resulted in SNAP recipients making healthy dietary choices and food purchases, using safe food preparation skills, and increasing physical activity. To reinforce direct nutrition education efforts, SNAP-Ed implementing agencies use social marketing as a broad-based approach to nutrition education. The research described here was conducted to inform the development of a statewide social marketing campaign that targeted SNAP eligible families in Mississippi (MS). Objective: Formative research was conducted to explore perceptions of healthy eating including triggers and barriers to healthy eating, to understand decision patterns when choosing food and shopping for food, and to assess types of nutrition information needed and sought. Study Design, Settings, and Participants: In 2016, 127 low-resource mothers participated in 18 focus groups. Respondents were recruited via telephone from a list of MS SNAP benefits recipients. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Measurable Outcome/Analysis: Thematic analysis was conducted to determine the behavioral target(s) of social marketing messages; to identify products, services, and incentives to promote adoption of the behavioral targets; and to determine communication efforts to disseminate campaign messages and promotion. Results: Increase physical activity, shop for healthy foods on a budget, prepare meals at home, and have pride in food and family were determined as target behaviors. Easy-to-make recipes and cooking items were identified as behavioral reinforcements. Preferred delivery channels included mass media (eg, television commercial), social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter), and promotional media (e.g., educational incentive items). Conclusion: Findings informed the HappyHealthy statewide social marketing campaign developed by the Mississippi State University Extension Service Office of Nutrition Education. Implementation of HappyHealthy began in 2018 and will continue throughout 2019. A description of the formative research process that resulted in this social marketing campaign could help educators in other states/locations who are interested in developing a social marketing campaign. Funding: None.
P208 Serum Markers of Fruits and Vegetables are Low in Low-Income Adults in the United States Francis A. Tayie, PhD, MPhil, MS, [email protected], Southeast Missouri State University, 114 Scully Bldg, MS 5750, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701; Gabrielle Brewer, BS, Southeast Missouri State University Background: Poverty alters food selection for calorie dense foods to the detriment of nutrient dense foods such as fruits and vegetables (FV). Objective: Serum carotenoids concentrations were analyzed to ascertain relationships with income level among the United States population. Study Design, Settings, Participants: The phlebotomy sample of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 was analyzed to study the relationship between income level and blood serum markers from FV. Data from 10,952 adults, comprising 5,478 men, and 5,474 women were analyzed for this study. Multivariable regression models were used to study the associations between income level, defined by the United States Bureau of the Census, and serum carotenoids concentration. Those categorized as low-income had income <130% of the federal poverty threshold, whereas those with income ≥130% of the federal poverty threshold were categorized as high-income. Results: Compared to high-income adults, low-income adults had significantly lower serum concentration of a carotene (mean § SE) (3.3 § 0.1 vs 4.2 § 0.7), b carotene (13.4 § 0.3 vs 16.6 § 0.2), lutein (8.8 § 0.1vs 10.6 § 0.1) and lycopene (19.4 § 0.2 vs 21.7 § 0.2) (all P < .001). Low-income adults were significantly more likely to have serum concentration that was below the median [Odds Ratio; 95% CI]: a-carotene (1.77; 1.41-2.25), b-carotene (1.62; 1.28-2.04), lutein (1.52; 1.12-2.17), and lycopene (1.42; 1.13-1.79), all P < .001. Conclusion: Being low-income associates with lower serum concentration, and possibly low consumption of carotenoid-rich foods such as FV. Food assistance for lowincome adults should include options that improve consumption of carotenoid-rich foods such as FV. Funding: None.
Nutrition Education Program Design Implementation and Evaluation P209 Culinary Medicine Program Improves Physician Resident’s Nutrition Knowledge and Communication Skills Jacquelyn Nyenhuis, PhD, LDN, RD, [email protected], University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827 Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a culinary medicine interactive class for physician residents. Continued on page S127
P205 Detox Tea Advertising on Social Media: Examining the Content of Popular Detox Tea Brands on Instagram Kendra Auguste, MA, MPH, [email protected], University of Florida, 2000 Weimer Hall, PO Box 118400, Gainesville, FL 32611; Amanda Bradshaw, MS, University of Florida; Alexis Bajalia, BS, University of Florida; Debbie Treise, PhD, University of Florida; Summer Shelton, MA, University of Florida; Matthew Cretul, MA, University of Florida; Montserrat Carrera Seoane, MA, University of Florida Background: Social media has emerged as a major influence on consumer health and behavior (Korda and Itani 2013). With more than a third of all U.S. adults using the social networking site Instagram (Pew Research Center 2017), food and dietary supplement marketing may be effective in building consumer awareness and furthermore influencing attitudes towards advertised products. Advertisements for detox tea products in particular are widely prevalent on social media, with celebrity endorsements being the most notable. However, little is known of what information detox tea brands include in marketing messages on the popular social networking site, Instagram. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of detox tea advertisements on Instagram in order to understand how detox teas are being portrayed in social media. Study Design, Settings, Participants: A qualitative content analysis explored how 11 detox tea brands advertised their products on Instagram. The use of health claims and nutrient claims in posts were also recorded. Detox tea brand posts were selected for analysis during Thanksgiving weekend of 2017. Previous research has shown that people are more health conscious during the holidays as body weight significantly increases (and is retained throughout the year) due to increased dietary
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intake during this time. A total of 220 posts were coded by researchers. Measurable Outcome/Analysis: Coding and identification of themes was conducted using the constant comparative method. Results: Findings suggested structure-function claims were the most frequently used. Qualitative content analysis revealed five overarching themes in the content of detox tea posts on Instagram including advertising and promotion of products, two-way dialogue with the brand, brand connections, health and fitness and finally, social sharing. Conclusion: Exploring the content of these supplement advertisements provides insight on useful strategies for increasing brand engagement on social media. Additionally, analysis of this content supports research suggesting a connection between exposure to social media content and influencing consumer behavior. Funding: None.
P206 I Tweet, You Tweet, We All Tweet About Listeria in Ice Cream Lori Greene, MS, LD, RDN, [email protected], University of Alabama, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487; Hyoungkoo Khang, PhD, University of Alabama Background: Forty-eight million Americans are affected by foodborne illnesses each year with over 3,000 deaths attributed to these illnesses indicating the need for accurate and timely communication of outbreaks and recalls. Objective: To compare the frame of messages and source of tweets on Twitter from the Blue Bell Creameries listeria outbreak after the initial announcement of the foodborne illness outbreak in March 2015 and after the announcement of the recall of all Blue Bell products in April 2015. Study Design, Settings, Participants: Tweets were gathered from ForSight and Crimson Hexagon using the key words “blue bell” and “listeria” or “recall.” Systematic random sampling was performed to analyze approximately 20% of tweets with the final sample size of 443 tweets from March 13-17, 2015 and 2,223 tweets from April 20-24, 2015. Measurable Outcome/Analysis: A quantitative content analysis was performed to determine the source of the message, frame of the message, message sentiment, and use of web link in message. The Chi square statistical test was used to determine if there were any significant differences between the date ranges. A qualitative content analysis was performed in NVIVO to determine the most frequent words found in the tweets. Results: A significant difference was found between the two date ranges between the frames of the tweets [x2 (6, N = 2,666) = 46.315, P < .001], the source of the tweets [x2 (5, N = 2,666) = 49.154, P < .001], the message sentiment [x2 (5, N = 2,666) = 47.189, P < .001], and the use of a web link in the tweets [x2 (2, N = 2,666) = 17.508, P < .001]. The frequent words used in the tweets from March 13-17, 2015 were linked, deaths, outbreak, products, and three. The frequent words used in the tweets from April 20-24, Continued on page S126
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P206 (continued) 2015 were products, creameries, issues, positive, and outbreak. Conclusion: Social media could be a valuable communication avenue to communicate future foodborne illness outbreaks and food recalls. Funding: None.
P207 Using Formative Research to Develop the HappyHealthy Social Marketing Campaign Laura H. Downey, DPH, [email protected], Mississippi State University, PO Box 9745, Mississippi State, MS 39762; Alisha M. Hardman, PhD, CFLE, Mississippi State University; Sylvia Byrd, PhD, RDN, LDN, Mississippi State University Background: Across the nation, SNAP-Ed direct nutritional education efforts have resulted in SNAP recipients making healthy dietary choices and food purchases, using safe food preparation skills, and increasing physical activity. To reinforce direct nutrition education efforts, SNAP-Ed implementing agencies use social marketing as a broad-based approach to nutrition education. The research described here was conducted to inform the development of a statewide social marketing campaign that targeted SNAP eligible families in Mississippi (MS). Objective: Formative research was conducted to explore perceptions of healthy eating including triggers and barriers to healthy eating, to understand decision patterns when choosing food and shopping for food, and to assess types of nutrition information needed and sought. Study Design, Settings, and Participants: In 2016, 127 low-resource mothers participated in 18 focus groups. Respondents were recruited via telephone from a list of MS SNAP benefits recipients. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Measurable Outcome/Analysis: Thematic analysis was conducted to determine the behavioral target(s) of social marketing messages; to identify products, services, and incentives to promote adoption of the behavioral targets; and to determine communication efforts to disseminate campaign messages and promotion. Results: Increase physical activity, shop for healthy foods on a budget, prepare meals at home, and have pride in food and family were determined as target behaviors. Easy-to-make recipes and cooking items were identified as behavioral reinforcements. Preferred delivery channels included mass media (eg, television commercial), social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter), and promotional media (e.g., educational incentive items). Conclusion: Findings informed the HappyHealthy statewide social marketing campaign developed by the Mississippi State University Extension Service Office of Nutrition Education. Implementation of HappyHealthy began in 2018 and will continue throughout 2019. A description of the formative research process that resulted in this social marketing campaign could help educators in other states/locations who are interested in developing a social marketing campaign. Funding: None.
P208 Serum Markers of Fruits and Vegetables are Low in Low-Income Adults in the United States Francis A. Tayie, PhD, MPhil, MS, [email protected], Southeast Missouri State University, 114 Scully Bldg, MS 5750, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701; Gabrielle Brewer, BS, Southeast Missouri State University Background: Poverty alters food selection for calorie dense foods to the detriment of nutrient dense foods such as fruits and vegetables (FV). Objective: Serum carotenoids concentrations were analyzed to ascertain relationships with income level among the United States population. Study Design, Settings, Participants: The phlebotomy sample of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 was analyzed to study the relationship between income level and blood serum markers from FV. Data from 10,952 adults, comprising 5,478 men, and 5,474 women were analyzed for this study. Multivariable regression models were used to study the associations between income level, defined by the United States Bureau of the Census, and serum carotenoids concentration. Those categorized as low-income had income <130% of the federal poverty threshold, whereas those with income ≥130% of the federal poverty threshold were categorized as high-income. Results: Compared to high-income adults, low-income adults had significantly lower serum concentration of a carotene (mean § SE) (3.3 § 0.1 vs 4.2 § 0.7), b carotene (13.4 § 0.3 vs 16.6 § 0.2), lutein (8.8 § 0.1vs 10.6 § 0.1) and lycopene (19.4 § 0.2 vs 21.7 § 0.2) (all P < .001). Low-income adults were significantly more likely to have serum concentration that was below the median [Odds Ratio; 95% CI]: a-carotene (1.77; 1.41-2.25), b-carotene (1.62; 1.28-2.04), lutein (1.52; 1.12-2.17), and lycopene (1.42; 1.13-1.79), all P < .001. Conclusion: Being low-income associates with lower serum concentration, and possibly low consumption of carotenoid-rich foods such as FV. Food assistance for lowincome adults should include options that improve consumption of carotenoid-rich foods such as FV. Funding: None.
Nutrition Education Program Design Implementation and Evaluation P209 Culinary Medicine Program Improves Physician Resident’s Nutrition Knowledge and Communication Skills Jacquelyn Nyenhuis, PhD, LDN, RD, [email protected], University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827 Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a culinary medicine interactive class for physician residents. Continued on page S127