- Email: [email protected]
P2.104 Gait analysis of autistic children with Echo State Networks
S70
Poster Session II
pseudodementia and should be differentiated from true dementia since it demands a different therapeutic approach. Aims: Aim of the present study was to detect the proportion of elderly patients that suffer from pseudodementia and present with memory deficits in a primary care setting. Subjects and Methods: 154 patients (mean age 68.3 years) with memory complains were examined at the Health Center of Skiathos between September 2006 and February 2007. Patients were examined clinically and by the MMSE. Depressive affect, sudden start and rapid deterioration of cognitive dysfunction in conjunction to a retained every day living functional level were the main points on which diagnosis of pseudodementia was based on. An antidepressive medication was prescribed and patients were reevaluated 3 months later. Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test. Results: 22 patients (14.3%) were evaluated to suffer from depression and their memory complains were attributed to pseudodepression. Mean value of MMSE was 17.28 before treatment and 26.34 after treatment. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement of the mean value of MMSE (t-value = 7.68 for 8 degrees freedom, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Pseudodementia can be a major diagnostic problem for the primary care psycisian. Poor performance of those patients in the usual screening tests for dementia should be interpretated with caution since depression may present with a similar clinical picture.
information regarding prevalence rates in a large population of Parkinson’s patients and reporting of less common mental health problems. Methods: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients by developing a database with 254,702 patients from all our hospital admissions since 2000. Results: Out of 254,702 patients over the 7 years there were 1126 cases of Parkinson’s disease, mean age 76.2±12.0 years. The mean duration of stay was 8.4 days. Of the mental disorders, dementia was the commonest with 82 cases (7.3%) followed by depression, 2.6%, Schizophrenia, 1%, Eating disorders, 0.7%, Anxiety, 0.4% and Personality disorders, 0.3%. Conclusions: Expectedly dementia and depression were the most common mental health disorders associated with Parkinson’s and were significantly higher than the general population (p < 0.01). More surprising eating disorders were four-fold more prevalent in the Parkinson’s patients than in the general population (p < 0.01). Therefore, holistic care-pathways in Parkinson’s disease must appreciate and address the prevalence of these disorders to improve patient care and well-being.
P2.104 Gait analysis of autistic children with Echo State Networks
Objective: Recently three families were described with quadrupedal gait, mental retardation and primitive language, known as Unertan Syndrome. Our aim was to examine if there is a link between walking style and cognitive functions of individuals exhibiting Unertan Syndrome. Methods and Results: These patients’ mental states made them unsuitable for any neuropsychological testing. Almost all of the patients had zero points according to the Mini Mental Status Examination. We evaluated the patients on the basis of their cooperation with simple commands. There are 16 children in the first family, 10 of whom were unaffected and walked bipedally. Five patients (19 to 35 years) walk quadrupedally, one patient (age 33) could walk upright with cerebellar signs. One woman could stand up and walk while holding onto a wall. These patients were much more capable of cooperating with motor commands than quadrupeds. In the second family (three males, one female), only one male could walk bipedally, but was unsteady and could understand only simple questions, answering with simple sentences. The third family had six affected members (four males and two females). All of the males were quadrupedal, and females had cerebellar signs, walking upright. The females’ cognitive status was better than the four quadruped males’. Conclusion: The results suggested that there may be an association between walking style and cognitive status.
B. Noris1° , M. Nobile2 , L. Piccini2 , M. Berti2 , E. Mani2 , M. Molteni2 , F. Keller3 , D. Campolo3 , A.G. Billard1 1 Lausanne, Switzerland; 2 Bosisio Parini, 3 Roma, Italy Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism have an effect on several aspects of motor control (Minshew04, Pierce01, Hallet93). In this work we focus on the analysis of gait patterns of autistic and normal children, starting from the observation that statistical analysis shows a variance in some features of their walk cycle (step length, waist bobbing) (VernazzaMartin05). We treat the walk cycles as dynamic patterns to extract the relevant differences between normal and autistic children by exploiting the temporal correlations across the joints involved in the gait motion. We use Echo State Networks (ESN) (Jaeger01) to classify the motion as autistic or normal. ESN are an efficient way of analysing dynamic patterns while avoiding the computationally intensive training procedures of standard recurrent neural networks. A set of walk cycles from 11 autistic and 11 normal children (average age 7.5±2.3 y) was used as input. The motion comes from a collection of 14 3D markers applied to legs, hips and shoulders of the child. To reduce the dimensionality of the data we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Classification tests were made on the full markers set or on subsets (e.g. legs only, hips + shoulders, etc.). The best results were obtained using all the markers data. Our observations show that the ESN is able to exploit the differences in the gait motion to classify autistic and normal children with an accuracy of up to 91% (false positives and negatives combined). No localized strong discriminator was found using subsets of the data.
P2.105 The prevalence of mental health disorders in Parkinson’s disease R. Potluri1 , H.S. Uppal2° , A. Natalwala1 , P. Narendran1 , R. Heun1 UK
1 Birmingham, 2 Walsall,
Background: Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that most often impairs the sufferer’s motor skills and speech. Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is the most prevalent type. However, mental health dysfunction has been noticed amongst numerous sufferers as the disease progresses. More specifically, dementia and depression have been previously linked to Parkinson’s disease but there is a dearth of
P2.106 Cognition and gait M. Tan° , S. Karaca Okusluk Adana, Turkey
P2.107 A new syndrome with quadrupedal gait and primitive cognition U. Tan° Adana, Turkey Background and Aims: A new generic syndrome was discovered by Tan in 2005, tentatively called Unertan syndrome (UTS) characterized by three symptoms: walking on all fours, rudimentary intelligence, and primitive language. Following first family eight more families with UTS were discovered in rural areas of southern and northern Turkey. The aims were neurological examinations, MRI scans, PET scans, and genetic analysis of patients. Methods: Video recordings to assess walking pattern, Mini Mental State Examination test standardized for uneducated Turkish individuals, MRI and PET scans, and pedigree analysis including linkage analysis by SNP genotyping. Results: Pedigree analysis suggested that UTS is a genetic disorder with an autosomal recessive transmission. Affected individuals were unaware of time, place, season, and date; they could not count from one to ten. They had no understandable language, most of them used only a few sounds
Poster Session II
pseudodementia and should be differentiated from true dementia since it demands a different therapeutic approach. Aims: Aim of the present study was to detect the proportion of elderly patients that suffer from pseudodementia and present with memory deficits in a primary care setting. Subjects and Methods: 154 patients (mean age 68.3 years) with memory complains were examined at the Health Center of Skiathos between September 2006 and February 2007. Patients were examined clinically and by the MMSE. Depressive affect, sudden start and rapid deterioration of cognitive dysfunction in conjunction to a retained every day living functional level were the main points on which diagnosis of pseudodementia was based on. An antidepressive medication was prescribed and patients were reevaluated 3 months later. Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test. Results: 22 patients (14.3%) were evaluated to suffer from depression and their memory complains were attributed to pseudodepression. Mean value of MMSE was 17.28 before treatment and 26.34 after treatment. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement of the mean value of MMSE (t-value = 7.68 for 8 degrees freedom, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Pseudodementia can be a major diagnostic problem for the primary care psycisian. Poor performance of those patients in the usual screening tests for dementia should be interpretated with caution since depression may present with a similar clinical picture.
information regarding prevalence rates in a large population of Parkinson’s patients and reporting of less common mental health problems. Methods: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients by developing a database with 254,702 patients from all our hospital admissions since 2000. Results: Out of 254,702 patients over the 7 years there were 1126 cases of Parkinson’s disease, mean age 76.2±12.0 years. The mean duration of stay was 8.4 days. Of the mental disorders, dementia was the commonest with 82 cases (7.3%) followed by depression, 2.6%, Schizophrenia, 1%, Eating disorders, 0.7%, Anxiety, 0.4% and Personality disorders, 0.3%. Conclusions: Expectedly dementia and depression were the most common mental health disorders associated with Parkinson’s and were significantly higher than the general population (p < 0.01). More surprising eating disorders were four-fold more prevalent in the Parkinson’s patients than in the general population (p < 0.01). Therefore, holistic care-pathways in Parkinson’s disease must appreciate and address the prevalence of these disorders to improve patient care and well-being.
P2.104 Gait analysis of autistic children with Echo State Networks
Objective: Recently three families were described with quadrupedal gait, mental retardation and primitive language, known as Unertan Syndrome. Our aim was to examine if there is a link between walking style and cognitive functions of individuals exhibiting Unertan Syndrome. Methods and Results: These patients’ mental states made them unsuitable for any neuropsychological testing. Almost all of the patients had zero points according to the Mini Mental Status Examination. We evaluated the patients on the basis of their cooperation with simple commands. There are 16 children in the first family, 10 of whom were unaffected and walked bipedally. Five patients (19 to 35 years) walk quadrupedally, one patient (age 33) could walk upright with cerebellar signs. One woman could stand up and walk while holding onto a wall. These patients were much more capable of cooperating with motor commands than quadrupeds. In the second family (three males, one female), only one male could walk bipedally, but was unsteady and could understand only simple questions, answering with simple sentences. The third family had six affected members (four males and two females). All of the males were quadrupedal, and females had cerebellar signs, walking upright. The females’ cognitive status was better than the four quadruped males’. Conclusion: The results suggested that there may be an association between walking style and cognitive status.
B. Noris1° , M. Nobile2 , L. Piccini2 , M. Berti2 , E. Mani2 , M. Molteni2 , F. Keller3 , D. Campolo3 , A.G. Billard1 1 Lausanne, Switzerland; 2 Bosisio Parini, 3 Roma, Italy Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism have an effect on several aspects of motor control (Minshew04, Pierce01, Hallet93). In this work we focus on the analysis of gait patterns of autistic and normal children, starting from the observation that statistical analysis shows a variance in some features of their walk cycle (step length, waist bobbing) (VernazzaMartin05). We treat the walk cycles as dynamic patterns to extract the relevant differences between normal and autistic children by exploiting the temporal correlations across the joints involved in the gait motion. We use Echo State Networks (ESN) (Jaeger01) to classify the motion as autistic or normal. ESN are an efficient way of analysing dynamic patterns while avoiding the computationally intensive training procedures of standard recurrent neural networks. A set of walk cycles from 11 autistic and 11 normal children (average age 7.5±2.3 y) was used as input. The motion comes from a collection of 14 3D markers applied to legs, hips and shoulders of the child. To reduce the dimensionality of the data we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Classification tests were made on the full markers set or on subsets (e.g. legs only, hips + shoulders, etc.). The best results were obtained using all the markers data. Our observations show that the ESN is able to exploit the differences in the gait motion to classify autistic and normal children with an accuracy of up to 91% (false positives and negatives combined). No localized strong discriminator was found using subsets of the data.
P2.105 The prevalence of mental health disorders in Parkinson’s disease R. Potluri1 , H.S. Uppal2° , A. Natalwala1 , P. Narendran1 , R. Heun1 UK
1 Birmingham, 2 Walsall,
Background: Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that most often impairs the sufferer’s motor skills and speech. Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is the most prevalent type. However, mental health dysfunction has been noticed amongst numerous sufferers as the disease progresses. More specifically, dementia and depression have been previously linked to Parkinson’s disease but there is a dearth of
P2.106 Cognition and gait M. Tan° , S. Karaca Okusluk Adana, Turkey
P2.107 A new syndrome with quadrupedal gait and primitive cognition U. Tan° Adana, Turkey Background and Aims: A new generic syndrome was discovered by Tan in 2005, tentatively called Unertan syndrome (UTS) characterized by three symptoms: walking on all fours, rudimentary intelligence, and primitive language. Following first family eight more families with UTS were discovered in rural areas of southern and northern Turkey. The aims were neurological examinations, MRI scans, PET scans, and genetic analysis of patients. Methods: Video recordings to assess walking pattern, Mini Mental State Examination test standardized for uneducated Turkish individuals, MRI and PET scans, and pedigree analysis including linkage analysis by SNP genotyping. Results: Pedigree analysis suggested that UTS is a genetic disorder with an autosomal recessive transmission. Affected individuals were unaware of time, place, season, and date; they could not count from one to ten. They had no understandable language, most of them used only a few sounds