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P244 The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning and upper limb function after stroke
Abstracts / Clinical Neurophysiology 128 (2017) e1–e163
Results: Priming iTBS increased skill accuracy by 8.5% ± 3.4 (p = 0.02) but did not alter the rate of learning (p = 0.24). Preliminary analysis shows that consolidation iTBS did not alter skill accuracy (p = 0.25) or the rate of learning (p = 0.12). A single session of iTBS decreased dendritic spine density at 24 h ( 7% p = 0.015) and 48 h ( 9% p = 0.001) post-stimulation which returned to baseline levels by 7 days post-stimulation (p = 0.2). Conclusions: These results show that rTMS induces both behavioural and structural plasticity in the motor cortex. Priming iTBS had a non-homeostatic interaction with motor behaviour whilst iTBS alone transiently decreased dendritic spine density. These result aid in the understanding of rTMS induced plasticity mechanisms which is essential in the optimisation of rTMS to treat neurological disease and disorders. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.358
P244 The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning and upper limb function after stroke—M. Fleming a,*, J. Rothwell b, L. Sztriha c, J. Teo b,c, D. Newham a (a King’s College London, Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, London, United Kingdom, b University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, c King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Stroke and Neurology, London, United Kingdom) ⇑
Corresponding author.
Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and non-invasive brain stimulation technique with the potential to improve upper limb function after stroke. Ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) excitability can be increased with anodal tDCS, contralesional M1 excitability can be decreased with cathodal tDCS or both anodal and cathodal tDCS can be used simultaneously on both cortices (bihemispheric). The impact of these different electrode arrangements on the efficacy of tDCS, and whether any of the changes are due to callosal connections between cortices, is unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of tDCS electrode arrangement on motor sequence learning and upper limb function in chronic stroke survivors. Patients and methods: 21 stroke survivors (range 3–124 months post-stroke, 34–81 years of age) with upper limb impairment received 20 min of 1 mA tDCS (0.04 mAcm 2) during performance
Figure 1.
e133
of a motor sequence learning task which involved movement of a computer mouse with the paretic arm to circular targets on a monitor in a repeating pattern. Four tDCS conditions were studied in a repeated-measures design; (i) anodal to the ipsilesional M1, (ii) cathodal to the contralesional M1, (iii) bihemispheric and (iv) sham. Upper limb function was assessed before and after tDCS, using the Jebsen–Taylor hand function test (JTT). Changes in transcallosal inhibition (TCI) were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (ipsilateral silent period duration). Results: There was no effect of tDCS condition on performance of the motor sequence learning task. Performance on the JTT improved significantly after unilateral tDCS (anodal or cathodal) compared to sham (p < 0.05), but not after bihemispheric (Fig. 1). There was no effect on TCI (p > 0.5), and no relationship between changes in TCI and upper limb function. Conclusions: Unilateral, but not bihemispheric, tDCS improves upper limb function. The response to tDCS does not appear to be driven by changes in TCI. These results have implications for the use of tDCS for upper limb rehabilitation. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.359
P246 Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex disrupts procedural learning: Evidence from a probabilistic sequence learning task—O. Pesthy a,*, K. Horváth a,b, C. Török a,b, B. Török c, K. Janacsek a,b, D. Németh a,b (a Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary, b Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary, c Budapest Institute of Technology and Economics, Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest, Hungary) ⇑
Corresponding author.
Procedural learning is crucial in everyday life; it underlies the acquisition of motor, cognitive, as well as social skills. Previous studies highlighted the supporting role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in this process; however, the role of the left DLPFC remained controversial. In the present study we investigated the effect of left, right and sham anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the DLPFC on a probabilistic sequence learning task which was performed by healthy young adults. We found that stimulation over the left hemisphere disrupted learning compared to both sham and right stimulation. This result is in line with previous findings highlighting an interhemishperic asymmetry in the role of the DLPFCs in probabilistic sequence learning. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.360
P247 Reorganization of modular architectures in the corticospinal neuromuscular system by implicit and explicit learning— M. Hirano a,b,*, S. Kubota a,b, Y. Koizume a, S. Tanaka a, S. Furuya c, K. Funase a (a Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, b Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan , c Musical Skill and Injury Center, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan) ⇑
Corresponding author.
Results: Priming iTBS increased skill accuracy by 8.5% ± 3.4 (p = 0.02) but did not alter the rate of learning (p = 0.24). Preliminary analysis shows that consolidation iTBS did not alter skill accuracy (p = 0.25) or the rate of learning (p = 0.12). A single session of iTBS decreased dendritic spine density at 24 h ( 7% p = 0.015) and 48 h ( 9% p = 0.001) post-stimulation which returned to baseline levels by 7 days post-stimulation (p = 0.2). Conclusions: These results show that rTMS induces both behavioural and structural plasticity in the motor cortex. Priming iTBS had a non-homeostatic interaction with motor behaviour whilst iTBS alone transiently decreased dendritic spine density. These result aid in the understanding of rTMS induced plasticity mechanisms which is essential in the optimisation of rTMS to treat neurological disease and disorders. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.358
P244 The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning and upper limb function after stroke—M. Fleming a,*, J. Rothwell b, L. Sztriha c, J. Teo b,c, D. Newham a (a King’s College London, Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, London, United Kingdom, b University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, c King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Stroke and Neurology, London, United Kingdom) ⇑
Corresponding author.
Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and non-invasive brain stimulation technique with the potential to improve upper limb function after stroke. Ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) excitability can be increased with anodal tDCS, contralesional M1 excitability can be decreased with cathodal tDCS or both anodal and cathodal tDCS can be used simultaneously on both cortices (bihemispheric). The impact of these different electrode arrangements on the efficacy of tDCS, and whether any of the changes are due to callosal connections between cortices, is unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of tDCS electrode arrangement on motor sequence learning and upper limb function in chronic stroke survivors. Patients and methods: 21 stroke survivors (range 3–124 months post-stroke, 34–81 years of age) with upper limb impairment received 20 min of 1 mA tDCS (0.04 mAcm 2) during performance
Figure 1.
e133
of a motor sequence learning task which involved movement of a computer mouse with the paretic arm to circular targets on a monitor in a repeating pattern. Four tDCS conditions were studied in a repeated-measures design; (i) anodal to the ipsilesional M1, (ii) cathodal to the contralesional M1, (iii) bihemispheric and (iv) sham. Upper limb function was assessed before and after tDCS, using the Jebsen–Taylor hand function test (JTT). Changes in transcallosal inhibition (TCI) were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (ipsilateral silent period duration). Results: There was no effect of tDCS condition on performance of the motor sequence learning task. Performance on the JTT improved significantly after unilateral tDCS (anodal or cathodal) compared to sham (p < 0.05), but not after bihemispheric (Fig. 1). There was no effect on TCI (p > 0.5), and no relationship between changes in TCI and upper limb function. Conclusions: Unilateral, but not bihemispheric, tDCS improves upper limb function. The response to tDCS does not appear to be driven by changes in TCI. These results have implications for the use of tDCS for upper limb rehabilitation. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.359
P246 Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex disrupts procedural learning: Evidence from a probabilistic sequence learning task—O. Pesthy a,*, K. Horváth a,b, C. Török a,b, B. Török c, K. Janacsek a,b, D. Németh a,b (a Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary, b Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary, c Budapest Institute of Technology and Economics, Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest, Hungary) ⇑
Corresponding author.
Procedural learning is crucial in everyday life; it underlies the acquisition of motor, cognitive, as well as social skills. Previous studies highlighted the supporting role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in this process; however, the role of the left DLPFC remained controversial. In the present study we investigated the effect of left, right and sham anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the DLPFC on a probabilistic sequence learning task which was performed by healthy young adults. We found that stimulation over the left hemisphere disrupted learning compared to both sham and right stimulation. This result is in line with previous findings highlighting an interhemishperic asymmetry in the role of the DLPFCs in probabilistic sequence learning. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.360
P247 Reorganization of modular architectures in the corticospinal neuromuscular system by implicit and explicit learning— M. Hirano a,b,*, S. Kubota a,b, Y. Koizume a, S. Tanaka a, S. Furuya c, K. Funase a (a Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, b Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan , c Musical Skill and Injury Center, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan) ⇑
Corresponding author.