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ARE THERE FREE RADICAL DISEASES? Henrik Enghusen Poulsen1, Ivan Brandslund2, Laura Kofoed Kjaer1, and Vanja Cejvanovic1, 1Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 Vejle Sygehus, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark The knowledge of the chemistry of free radicals (FR) and their effects in biological systems has grown considerably during the last decades, and many mechanisms have been revealed, such as repair of oxidative modifications of DNA and influence of FR on signaling pathways. Often it is stated “that FR are important for development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, degenerative brain diseases and ageing”. However, in the translation of the established chemical and biological processes into disease pathogenesis and clinical benefit, very limited progress has been achieved.
Henrik Poulsen
There are several compilations of “free radicals – oxidative stress” investigations in various human diseases, demonstrating increased levels of various biomarkers. However, per se, increased levels do no imply importance or causal relationship between disease and FR and do not provide any quantitative information of their involvement. For quantification, the epidemiological approach is to measure a biomarker of FR in a large healthy population and after some years observe if “high oxidizers” and “low oxidizers” have differences in disease development and do the same in a diseased population. The clinical benefit can be established from a means to modulate FR (e.g. a treatment) preferentially in controlled and randomized clinical trials. Such studies have been performed but not in great numbers, providing little information on “importance” of FR. Data for breast cancer and lung cancer indicate a contribution from FR but the quantitative importance of DNA oxidation development of these diseases is limited. In haemochromatosis the oxidation of RNA is very high, and iron removal normalizes RNA oxidation and reverse disease risk to normal. In type 2 diabetes RNA oxidation is the best measure to predict death and death from arteriosclerotic complications. The better question is therefore not “Are there Free Radical Diseases?”, but “How important are FR is development of diseases in healthy individuals, and for the progress of the disease once established”. The answer seems very variable depending on the particular disease, and for some diseases negligible. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.019
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ARE THERE FREE RADICAL DISEASES? Henrik Enghusen Poulsen1, Ivan Brandslund2, Laura Kofoed Kjaer1, and Vanja Cejvanovic1, 1Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 Vejle Sygehus, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark The knowledge of the chemistry of free radicals (FR) and their effects in biological systems has grown considerably during the last decades, and many mechanisms have been revealed, such as repair of oxidative modifications of DNA and influence of FR on signaling pathways. Often it is stated “that FR are important for development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, degenerative brain diseases and ageing”. However, in the translation of the established chemical and biological processes into disease pathogenesis and clinical benefit, very limited progress has been achieved.
Henrik Poulsen
There are several compilations of “free radicals – oxidative stress” investigations in various human diseases, demonstrating increased levels of various biomarkers. However, per se, increased levels do no imply importance or causal relationship between disease and FR and do not provide any quantitative information of their involvement. For quantification, the epidemiological approach is to measure a biomarker of FR in a large healthy population and after some years observe if “high oxidizers” and “low oxidizers” have differences in disease development and do the same in a diseased population. The clinical benefit can be established from a means to modulate FR (e.g. a treatment) preferentially in controlled and randomized clinical trials. Such studies have been performed but not in great numbers, providing little information on “importance” of FR. Data for breast cancer and lung cancer indicate a contribution from FR but the quantitative importance of DNA oxidation development of these diseases is limited. In haemochromatosis the oxidation of RNA is very high, and iron removal normalizes RNA oxidation and reverse disease risk to normal. In type 2 diabetes RNA oxidation is the best measure to predict death and death from arteriosclerotic complications. The better question is therefore not “Are there Free Radical Diseases?”, but “How important are FR is development of diseases in healthy individuals, and for the progress of the disease once established”. The answer seems very variable depending on the particular disease, and for some diseases negligible. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.019
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