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P31.7 The diaphragm dip: Mapping the cortical representation of the diaphragm using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Posters / Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (2006) S121–S336
gyri (BA 32,31), the inferior and middle frontal gyri (BA 6,9,10), the superior temporal sulcus and the subcortical grey matter (caudate and thalamus). The critical cortical activations were found in the right-sided intraparietal sulcus (IPS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and right-sided lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). These three regions were entered into the DCM. Comparison on group level revealed superiority of dynamic causal models in which IPS and alternatively PFC served as input regions as compared to a model in which ACC is assumed to receive external inputs. No significant difference was observed between fully connected models with IPS (model 1) and PFC (model 2) as input regions. Subsequent analysis of intrinsic connectivity within two investigated models (1,2) disclosed significant parallel forward connections from IPS to the frontal areas (model 1) and from PFC to ACC and IPS (model 2). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that during target stimulus processing there is the bidirectional frontoparietal information flow, very likely reflecting parallel activation of two distinct but partially overlapping attentional or attentional/event-encoding neural systems. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.546
S271
Table 1 Location of the activation peaks in the primary sensorimotor cortex (n = 7) LocationnMNI Coordinates (average ± SD)
X (mm)
Y (mm)
Z (mm)
Hand left hemisphere Hand right hemisphere Diaphragm left hemisphere Diaphragm right hemisphere
41 ± 4 41 ± 3 20 ± 3 21 ± 4
23 ± 5 25 ± 5 33 ± 4 34 ± 3
59 ± 5 57 ± 8 60 ± 3 61 ± 4
sulcus medial to the hand areas (’’the diaphragm dip’’). The mean distances ± SD between the diaphragm and the hand representations were 23 ± 5 mm and 25 ± 5 mm in the left and right hemisphere, respectively. In both tasks, additional activations of the sensorimotor cortical network were found (supplementary motor areas, lateral premotor and posterior parietal cortex). Conclusions: We showed that it is possible to map the diaphragm representation in individual subjects using fMRI during sniffing. Potential applications include preoperative mapping to locate the central sulcus, as well as research on changes in somatotopy in different lesions of the central motor system. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.547
P31.7 The diaphragm dip: Mapping the cortical representation of the diaphragm using functional magnetic resonance imaging B. Koritnik 1, C. Andrew 2, S. Williams 2, N. Leigh 2 1
University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, Slovenia 2 King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, UK Background: Neural control of respiration in humans is still not completely understood. Functional neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to study the cortical involvement in respiration and to determine the cortical representation of the diaphragm. Aim: To explore the cortical representation of the diaphragm (particularly in relation to the hand representation) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during voluntary sniff manoeuvres. Methods: Seven right-handed healthy subjects were studied. Structural and functional images were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner. An event-related design with two visually cued tasks was used: sniff manoeuvres and cued right- and left-hand grips. Nasal and hand grip pressures were measured during the scanning. Image preprocessing and data analysis were performed using SPM5 software. Results: In both motor tasks, we found the activation within primary sensorimotor cortex in each individual subject (Table 1). In the hand-grip task, the activation peaks were located in the contralateral precentral gyrus/central sulcus. In the sniff task, the activation peaks were bilateral and were consistently located at the bottom of the central
P31.8 Cortical causality patterns during the execution of a Stroop task in normal subjects by using multimodal integration of high resolution EEG and fMRI recording F. Babiloni 1, A. Colosimo 2, F. De Vico Fallani 2, F. Cincotti 3, M.G. Marciani 3, D. Mattia 3, S. Salinari 4, L. Ding 5, B. He 5, J. Edgar 6, J. Miller 6, C. Zhou 7, G. Zamorano 7, L. Zemanova 7, J. Kurths 7 1
University of Rome, Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, Italy 2 Centro di Ricerca de, Italy 3 IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy 4 Universita’ Degli Studi di Rome, Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Italy 5 University of Minnesota, USA 6 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA 7 University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics, Germany Background: High resolution electroencephalography (HREEG) i provides a high temporal resolution adequate to follow the cortical activity. In spite of a lack of spatial resolution, neural sources can be localized from HREEG data by making a priori hypotheses on their number and extension. However, the use of a priori information from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be able to improve the localization of sources from HREEG data. Objectives: This paper deals with the multimodal integration of electromagnetic and hemodynamic data to locate neural sources responsible for the recorded EEG activity related to motor and cognitive tasks.
gyri (BA 32,31), the inferior and middle frontal gyri (BA 6,9,10), the superior temporal sulcus and the subcortical grey matter (caudate and thalamus). The critical cortical activations were found in the right-sided intraparietal sulcus (IPS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and right-sided lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). These three regions were entered into the DCM. Comparison on group level revealed superiority of dynamic causal models in which IPS and alternatively PFC served as input regions as compared to a model in which ACC is assumed to receive external inputs. No significant difference was observed between fully connected models with IPS (model 1) and PFC (model 2) as input regions. Subsequent analysis of intrinsic connectivity within two investigated models (1,2) disclosed significant parallel forward connections from IPS to the frontal areas (model 1) and from PFC to ACC and IPS (model 2). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that during target stimulus processing there is the bidirectional frontoparietal information flow, very likely reflecting parallel activation of two distinct but partially overlapping attentional or attentional/event-encoding neural systems. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.546
S271
Table 1 Location of the activation peaks in the primary sensorimotor cortex (n = 7) LocationnMNI Coordinates (average ± SD)
X (mm)
Y (mm)
Z (mm)
Hand left hemisphere Hand right hemisphere Diaphragm left hemisphere Diaphragm right hemisphere
41 ± 4 41 ± 3 20 ± 3 21 ± 4
23 ± 5 25 ± 5 33 ± 4 34 ± 3
59 ± 5 57 ± 8 60 ± 3 61 ± 4
sulcus medial to the hand areas (’’the diaphragm dip’’). The mean distances ± SD between the diaphragm and the hand representations were 23 ± 5 mm and 25 ± 5 mm in the left and right hemisphere, respectively. In both tasks, additional activations of the sensorimotor cortical network were found (supplementary motor areas, lateral premotor and posterior parietal cortex). Conclusions: We showed that it is possible to map the diaphragm representation in individual subjects using fMRI during sniffing. Potential applications include preoperative mapping to locate the central sulcus, as well as research on changes in somatotopy in different lesions of the central motor system. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.547
P31.7 The diaphragm dip: Mapping the cortical representation of the diaphragm using functional magnetic resonance imaging B. Koritnik 1, C. Andrew 2, S. Williams 2, N. Leigh 2 1
University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, Slovenia 2 King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, UK Background: Neural control of respiration in humans is still not completely understood. Functional neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to study the cortical involvement in respiration and to determine the cortical representation of the diaphragm. Aim: To explore the cortical representation of the diaphragm (particularly in relation to the hand representation) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during voluntary sniff manoeuvres. Methods: Seven right-handed healthy subjects were studied. Structural and functional images were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner. An event-related design with two visually cued tasks was used: sniff manoeuvres and cued right- and left-hand grips. Nasal and hand grip pressures were measured during the scanning. Image preprocessing and data analysis were performed using SPM5 software. Results: In both motor tasks, we found the activation within primary sensorimotor cortex in each individual subject (Table 1). In the hand-grip task, the activation peaks were located in the contralateral precentral gyrus/central sulcus. In the sniff task, the activation peaks were bilateral and were consistently located at the bottom of the central
P31.8 Cortical causality patterns during the execution of a Stroop task in normal subjects by using multimodal integration of high resolution EEG and fMRI recording F. Babiloni 1, A. Colosimo 2, F. De Vico Fallani 2, F. Cincotti 3, M.G. Marciani 3, D. Mattia 3, S. Salinari 4, L. Ding 5, B. He 5, J. Edgar 6, J. Miller 6, C. Zhou 7, G. Zamorano 7, L. Zemanova 7, J. Kurths 7 1
University of Rome, Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, Italy 2 Centro di Ricerca de, Italy 3 IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy 4 Universita’ Degli Studi di Rome, Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Italy 5 University of Minnesota, USA 6 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA 7 University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics, Germany Background: High resolution electroencephalography (HREEG) i provides a high temporal resolution adequate to follow the cortical activity. In spite of a lack of spatial resolution, neural sources can be localized from HREEG data by making a priori hypotheses on their number and extension. However, the use of a priori information from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be able to improve the localization of sources from HREEG data. Objectives: This paper deals with the multimodal integration of electromagnetic and hemodynamic data to locate neural sources responsible for the recorded EEG activity related to motor and cognitive tasks.