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P.6.027 Personality disorders and drug addiction treatment outcomes
P6 Addiction
$584
CB 1 receptor agonist repeated pre-treatment. The phenomenon of behavioural sensitization is characterised by a progressive increase in behavioural responses to drugs after their repeated administration and is believed to underlie protracted craving, drug seeking and relapse in addiction. Thus, our results suggested that cannabinoid use could increase a vulnerability to a consumption of Met. Another very popular drug of abuse in the Czech Republic is MDMA (ecstasy). There was reported an initiation of behavioural sensitization to its effects increasing motor activity in rats (Kalivas et al., 1998) and mice (Itzhak et al., 2004). The present study is focused on investigation of both initiation and expression of behavioural sensitization in mice on an identical experimental design used previously with Met. Methods: We evaluated behavioural changes particularly in locomotor activities in the mouse open field test using Actitrack apparatus (Panlab, S.L., Spain). The MDMA dose of 30mg/kg was chosen as it showed the highest stimulatory potential in the preliminary dose-response study after acute drug administration. For the present experiment mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (nl, n2) and all were given vehicle orally on the Day 1 (10 ml/kg). There were no applications from the Days 2 to 6. For the next eight days animals were daily orally treated as follows: a) nl: vehicle, 10ml/kg/day, b) n2: MDMA, 30mg/kg/day. There were no applications in Days 15 to 20. The open field tests were performed on Days 1, 7, 14, and on Day 21 after the last challenge dose of MDMA (30.0mg/kg) was given to the group n2 on the Day 21, whereas control group n l was administered vehicle. Results and statistical assessments: The results showed: a) significant stimulatory influence of MDMA after the acute administration, b) development o f significant sensitization after MDMA repeated treatment, c) expression o f sensitization after MDMA challenge dose given after 6 days of washout from the repeated MDMA treatment. Data were analysed using KolmogorovSmirnov test of normality and paired t-test. Conclusion: The present results are important from the point of view on MDMA-taking behaviour as mainly the expression of behavioural sensitization is considered to reinstate drug-seeking behaviour and that way contribute to the relapse of addictive behaviour. Taking into account the often simultaneous abuse of MDMA and cannabis occurred in men a further step in our research will be the investigation of possible existence of crosssensitizing relation between these two drug classes. Work supported by research projects MSM0021622404.
References [1] Itzhak, Y., Anderson, K.L., Ali, S.F. 2004. Differential Response of nNOS Knockout Mice to MDMA ("Ecstasy")- and MethamphetamineInduced Psychomotor Sensitization and Neurotoxicity. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1025, 11~128. [2] Kalivas, RW., Duffy, P., White, S.R. 1998. MDMA elicits behavioral and neurochemical sensitization in rats. Neuropsychopharmacol. 6, 469479.
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Personality disorders and drug addiction treatment outcomes
J.J. Fernfindez-Miranda*. Mental Health Setvice, UTT, Avil~s,
Spain Objectives: to determine the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in a population of heroin and cocaine abusers undergoing treatment and how they influence on treatment outcomes. Methods: 90 patients with heroin and cocaine dependence were followed up over a 6-month period of treatment. The Addiction
Severity Index (ASI) and the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) were administered. Results: Standard treatment proved to be associated with decreasing drug use and improving social and medical status. Affective (30%) and anxiety disorders (18.9%) were found, and also personality disorders in half o f all subjects studied. The most common were antisocial (26.5%) and borderline (17.8%). Given that they were found in a population with rather good stabilization after six months in treatment, we considered that these PDs were not the result o f current dependant behavior. Though patients with PD had clearly improved their situation since entering treatment, they tended to achieve poorer treatment outcomes (p < 0.05): higher rates of illicit drug consumption, unemployment and criminal behavior; and also worse general status as most of ASI areas shown. Conclusions: If drug addiction programs are to be more effective, greater attention must be paid to diagnosing and specifically treating PDs, mainly antisocial and borderline ones.
References [1] Rounsaville BJ, Ka'anzier HR, Bail SA, Tennen H, Poling J, Triffieman E, 1998. Personality disorders in substance abusers: relation to substance use. J Nerv Ment Dis 186, 87 95. [2] Verheul R, 2001. Co-morbidity of personality disorders in individuals with substance use disorders. Eur Psychiatry 16, 274-282. [3] Fernfindez-MirandaJJ, Gonzfilez MP, Saiz PA, Gutirrrez E, Bobes J, 2001. Influencia de los trastornos psiquifitricos en la efectividad de un programa de mantenimiento prolongado con metadona. Actas Esp Psiquiatrla 29 (4), 228 232.
~ D o e s repeated treatment with MDMA sensitize to its effects on agonistic behaviour in mice? K. Slais*, L. Landa, A. Sulcova. Masatyk University Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brno, Czech Republic Purpose of the study: In 1993 the "incentive-sensitization theory of addiction" was proposed (Robinson & Berridge, 1993). Repeated drug administration leading to a progressively enhanced response, a phenomenon termed "sensitization" ("reverse tolerance"), may be involved in the development and maintenance of drug addiction and also relapse to drug-taking behaviour in weaned addicts. The critical neuroadaptations for a persistent increase in the sensitivity of neural systems that mediate value of addictive drugs are not clear yet. In our previous study the sensitization to methamphetamine was clearly demonstrated in mouse aggressive agonistic interactions when the pre-treatment with 5 methamphetamine doses (1 mg/kg/day) significantly potentiates the antiaggressive effects o f acute dose. In another of our studies, we showed dose-dependent antiaggressive and anxiogenic effects of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") acute doses in aggressive and timid singly-housed mice on paired interaction with non-aggressive group-housed partners. The present study was focused on a possible behavioural sensitization to these MDMA effects developing in the case of repeated treatment. We analyzed changes in 11 behavioural acts of 4 categories: sociable, timid, aggressive and locomotor. Methods: Two groups of mice were orally administered MDMA at the doses of 2.5mg/kg/day, or saline in the equal volume o f l0 ml/kg, in 5 consecutive days. After 8 days of washout, a "challenge" dose of 30mg/kg MDMA (this was most markedly acting dose in the previous experiment investigating MDMA acute effects in this mouse behavioural model) was ap-
$584
CB 1 receptor agonist repeated pre-treatment. The phenomenon of behavioural sensitization is characterised by a progressive increase in behavioural responses to drugs after their repeated administration and is believed to underlie protracted craving, drug seeking and relapse in addiction. Thus, our results suggested that cannabinoid use could increase a vulnerability to a consumption of Met. Another very popular drug of abuse in the Czech Republic is MDMA (ecstasy). There was reported an initiation of behavioural sensitization to its effects increasing motor activity in rats (Kalivas et al., 1998) and mice (Itzhak et al., 2004). The present study is focused on investigation of both initiation and expression of behavioural sensitization in mice on an identical experimental design used previously with Met. Methods: We evaluated behavioural changes particularly in locomotor activities in the mouse open field test using Actitrack apparatus (Panlab, S.L., Spain). The MDMA dose of 30mg/kg was chosen as it showed the highest stimulatory potential in the preliminary dose-response study after acute drug administration. For the present experiment mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (nl, n2) and all were given vehicle orally on the Day 1 (10 ml/kg). There were no applications from the Days 2 to 6. For the next eight days animals were daily orally treated as follows: a) nl: vehicle, 10ml/kg/day, b) n2: MDMA, 30mg/kg/day. There were no applications in Days 15 to 20. The open field tests were performed on Days 1, 7, 14, and on Day 21 after the last challenge dose of MDMA (30.0mg/kg) was given to the group n2 on the Day 21, whereas control group n l was administered vehicle. Results and statistical assessments: The results showed: a) significant stimulatory influence of MDMA after the acute administration, b) development o f significant sensitization after MDMA repeated treatment, c) expression o f sensitization after MDMA challenge dose given after 6 days of washout from the repeated MDMA treatment. Data were analysed using KolmogorovSmirnov test of normality and paired t-test. Conclusion: The present results are important from the point of view on MDMA-taking behaviour as mainly the expression of behavioural sensitization is considered to reinstate drug-seeking behaviour and that way contribute to the relapse of addictive behaviour. Taking into account the often simultaneous abuse of MDMA and cannabis occurred in men a further step in our research will be the investigation of possible existence of crosssensitizing relation between these two drug classes. Work supported by research projects MSM0021622404.
References [1] Itzhak, Y., Anderson, K.L., Ali, S.F. 2004. Differential Response of nNOS Knockout Mice to MDMA ("Ecstasy")- and MethamphetamineInduced Psychomotor Sensitization and Neurotoxicity. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1025, 11~128. [2] Kalivas, RW., Duffy, P., White, S.R. 1998. MDMA elicits behavioral and neurochemical sensitization in rats. Neuropsychopharmacol. 6, 469479.
•
Personality disorders and drug addiction treatment outcomes
J.J. Fernfindez-Miranda*. Mental Health Setvice, UTT, Avil~s,
Spain Objectives: to determine the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in a population of heroin and cocaine abusers undergoing treatment and how they influence on treatment outcomes. Methods: 90 patients with heroin and cocaine dependence were followed up over a 6-month period of treatment. The Addiction
Severity Index (ASI) and the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) were administered. Results: Standard treatment proved to be associated with decreasing drug use and improving social and medical status. Affective (30%) and anxiety disorders (18.9%) were found, and also personality disorders in half o f all subjects studied. The most common were antisocial (26.5%) and borderline (17.8%). Given that they were found in a population with rather good stabilization after six months in treatment, we considered that these PDs were not the result o f current dependant behavior. Though patients with PD had clearly improved their situation since entering treatment, they tended to achieve poorer treatment outcomes (p < 0.05): higher rates of illicit drug consumption, unemployment and criminal behavior; and also worse general status as most of ASI areas shown. Conclusions: If drug addiction programs are to be more effective, greater attention must be paid to diagnosing and specifically treating PDs, mainly antisocial and borderline ones.
References [1] Rounsaville BJ, Ka'anzier HR, Bail SA, Tennen H, Poling J, Triffieman E, 1998. Personality disorders in substance abusers: relation to substance use. J Nerv Ment Dis 186, 87 95. [2] Verheul R, 2001. Co-morbidity of personality disorders in individuals with substance use disorders. Eur Psychiatry 16, 274-282. [3] Fernfindez-MirandaJJ, Gonzfilez MP, Saiz PA, Gutirrrez E, Bobes J, 2001. Influencia de los trastornos psiquifitricos en la efectividad de un programa de mantenimiento prolongado con metadona. Actas Esp Psiquiatrla 29 (4), 228 232.
~ D o e s repeated treatment with MDMA sensitize to its effects on agonistic behaviour in mice? K. Slais*, L. Landa, A. Sulcova. Masatyk University Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brno, Czech Republic Purpose of the study: In 1993 the "incentive-sensitization theory of addiction" was proposed (Robinson & Berridge, 1993). Repeated drug administration leading to a progressively enhanced response, a phenomenon termed "sensitization" ("reverse tolerance"), may be involved in the development and maintenance of drug addiction and also relapse to drug-taking behaviour in weaned addicts. The critical neuroadaptations for a persistent increase in the sensitivity of neural systems that mediate value of addictive drugs are not clear yet. In our previous study the sensitization to methamphetamine was clearly demonstrated in mouse aggressive agonistic interactions when the pre-treatment with 5 methamphetamine doses (1 mg/kg/day) significantly potentiates the antiaggressive effects o f acute dose. In another of our studies, we showed dose-dependent antiaggressive and anxiogenic effects of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") acute doses in aggressive and timid singly-housed mice on paired interaction with non-aggressive group-housed partners. The present study was focused on a possible behavioural sensitization to these MDMA effects developing in the case of repeated treatment. We analyzed changes in 11 behavioural acts of 4 categories: sociable, timid, aggressive and locomotor. Methods: Two groups of mice were orally administered MDMA at the doses of 2.5mg/kg/day, or saline in the equal volume o f l0 ml/kg, in 5 consecutive days. After 8 days of washout, a "challenge" dose of 30mg/kg MDMA (this was most markedly acting dose in the previous experiment investigating MDMA acute effects in this mouse behavioural model) was ap-