- Email: [email protected]
P677: ADHD awareness, quality of life and treatment acceptance
Abstracts of Poster Presentations / Clinical Neurophysiology 125, Supplement 1 (2014) S1–S339
muscles with 4 and 5 participants exhibiting increased CSE in FDI for the SR curves and map, respectively; and only 2 and 3, respectively, in BB. There were a greater number of participants in whom CSE increased for the distal muscle whilst motor learning performance was not significantly different between muscles. The surprising result that so few participants exhibited increased CSE following motor learning suggests that individual differences should be better reported in studies of motor learning involving TMS. In addition, the inter-individual differences in the changes in CSE should be further examined.
P675 Interneuron networks involved in human associative plasticity G. Strigaro 1,2 , M. Hamada 2 , R. Cantello 1 , J. Rothwell 2 University of Piedmont East “A. Avogadro”, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, Novara, Italy, Italy; 2 University College London Institute of Neurology, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom 1
Objective: Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a method to study motor cortex synaptic plasticity. If a repetitive electrical stimulus to the median nerve is paired with a transcranial magnetic stimulus (TMS) pulse over the controlateral motor cortex at an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 21.5-25 ms, a long-term potentiation (LTP)-like synaptic plasticity is induced in the corticospinal system (Stefan et al., 2000). We investigated the synaptic spatial specificity of PAS25 and PAS21.5, considered to have similar synaptic mechanisms until recently. Materials and methods: Eight subjects (28.6±8.3 years), with the expected facilitation after both standard PAS protocols, participated in two randomized sessions in which PAS consisted of 360 electrical stimuli of the right median nerve at the wrist paired with a single TMS over the hotspot of right APB muscle at randomly delivered ISIs of 25 ms and of 21.5 ms (180 pairs for each ISI) (PASvar). Since cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) can abolish the plasticity effects of PAS with an interval of 25 ms and not at 21.5 ms (Hamada et al. 2012), either sham or anodal TDCS (2 mA, 30 min) was applied to the cerebellum simultaneously with PASvar (anodal-PASvar and sham-PASvar). We measured MEPs before and after each intervention. Results: Randomly delivered PAS25 and PAS21.5 (sham-PASvar) blocked the induction of PAS plasticity while the concurrent anodal TDCS (anodalPASvar) restored the expected effect. Conclusions: PAS21.5 and PAS25 induce LTP-like changes in different sets of cortical synapses and show mutual inhibition during plasticity induction. Heterosynaptic LTD-like modulation might well explain the loss of effect of combining PAS21.5 and PAS25. References: Stefan K, Kunesch E, Cohen LG, Benecke R, Classen J. (2000). Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation. Brain 123, 572-584. Hamada M, Strigaro G, Murase N, Sadnicka A, Galea JM, Edwards MJ, Rothwell JC. (2012). Cerebellar modulation of human associative plasticity. J Physiol 590, 2365-2374.
S235
showed there is no statistical significance between any of the variables tested. However, individuals classified as the inattentive subtype showed significant differences in appearance greater acceptance of the treatment of the hyperactive or combined subtypes. While individuals with higher scores for quality of life showed intermediate treatment acceptance, the group with the lowest quality of life scores showed high treatment acceptance. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to better understand the relationship between ADHD awareness and its influence on individual behavior. These results could be useful for improved health education, including the development of prevention campaigns to promote effective health.
P678 Cortical plasticity in tinnitus patients after repetitive exposure to tailor-made notched music A. Stein, A. Engell, C. Pantev University Hospital Muenster, Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, Muenster, Germany Question: Tinnitus, the perception of a sound without an external source, is assumed to be a result of reduced inhibition of neurons corresponding to the tinnitus frequency. One possibility to reverse the effects of this maladaptation is to induce inhibition on neurons corresponding to the tinnitus frequency by auditory stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of repetitive stimulation with tailor-made notched music on neural activity in temporal and frontal cortical regions of tinnitus patients. Methods: Ten subjects suffering from chronic tonal tinnitus listened to music passing through a notch-filter centered at the tinnitus frequency (tailor-made notched music) for three hours on each of three consecutive days. Neural activity evoked by either a tone at the tinnitus frequency (tinnitus tone) or by a control tone of 500 Hz was measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG) before and immediately after music exposure. Tinnitus loudness was measured via visual analog scales. A distributed source model was used to investigate the neural activity in auditory as well as in frontal cortical regions in the N1m time window. Results: Neural activity evoked by the tinnitus tone in the temporal lobe decreased significantly after music exposure, whereas neural activity evoked by the control tone remained unaffected. Additionally, tinnitus loudness was rated significantly lower after music exposure. There was a significant correlation between the reduction of neural activity in the temporal lobe evoked by the tinnitus tone and the tinnitus loudness ratings. Furthermore, there was a significant increase of neural activity evoked by the control tone in the frontal lobe after music exposure, which could not be observed in the neural activity evoked by the tinnitus tone. Conclusions: Tailor-made notched music evokes neural plasticity in temporal as well as frontal cortical areas of tinnitus patients. Additionally, there is a clear connection between the reduction of tinnitus loudness and the neural reorganization in the temporal cortex. These effects could be demonstrated after a short period of music exposure, indicating a fast neural reorganization and behavioral adaptation.
P677 ADHD awareness, quality of life and treatment acceptance
P679 Wakefulness delta waves increase after cortical plasticity induction
M.V. Santos, M.A. Romano-Silva UFMG, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Medicina Molecular, BH, Brazil
G. Assenza, G. Pellegrino, M. Tombini, V. Di Lazzaro Campus Biomedico University, Clinical NEurology, Rome, Italy
The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a high prevalence (5%) in school-age children. If on the one hand the literature shows that information enables conscious decision making, recent research shows there is a lot of misinformation about ADHD, even among health and teaching professionals. The main objective of our study was to determine whether knowledge about ADHD found in parents of brazilian children and adolescents diagnosed with this disorder had a significant relationship with treatment acceptance. The sample consisted of 101 parents or caregivers (94 women and 7 men) of children and adolescents treated for ADHD at the Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. The profile was composed of young, low-income (52.5%), students, aged 4 to 18 years old, in the majority boys (76.2%). The instrument used consisted of a structured questionnaire with 100 questions, with six different scales, assessing the general knowledge about ADHD and quality of life. The results
Question: Delta waves (Dw) during sleep are considered effectors of synaptic plasticity. During wakefulness Dw appear when brain lesions occur, but their functional meaning is not unanimously recognized. We aimed at testing whether Dw change after inducing cortical plasticity by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Methods: 13 healthy subjects underwent iTBS on left primary motor cortex to induce long term potentiation (LTP) like phenomena. Five-minutes resting opened-eyes 32-channels EEG, right opponens pollicis motor evoked potentials (MEP) and alertness behavioural scales were collected before and up to 30 minutes after iTBS. Power spectral density (PSD) from delta to beta frequency bands of bilateral sensorimotor areas was calculated. Results: iTBS induced a significant increase of both MEP amplitude and bilateral Dw (+87.5%) lasting up to 30 minutes after stimulation. No changes on behavioural scales were found. Conclusions: Our data showed that motor LTP induction during wakeful-
muscles with 4 and 5 participants exhibiting increased CSE in FDI for the SR curves and map, respectively; and only 2 and 3, respectively, in BB. There were a greater number of participants in whom CSE increased for the distal muscle whilst motor learning performance was not significantly different between muscles. The surprising result that so few participants exhibited increased CSE following motor learning suggests that individual differences should be better reported in studies of motor learning involving TMS. In addition, the inter-individual differences in the changes in CSE should be further examined.
P675 Interneuron networks involved in human associative plasticity G. Strigaro 1,2 , M. Hamada 2 , R. Cantello 1 , J. Rothwell 2 University of Piedmont East “A. Avogadro”, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, Novara, Italy, Italy; 2 University College London Institute of Neurology, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom 1
Objective: Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a method to study motor cortex synaptic plasticity. If a repetitive electrical stimulus to the median nerve is paired with a transcranial magnetic stimulus (TMS) pulse over the controlateral motor cortex at an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 21.5-25 ms, a long-term potentiation (LTP)-like synaptic plasticity is induced in the corticospinal system (Stefan et al., 2000). We investigated the synaptic spatial specificity of PAS25 and PAS21.5, considered to have similar synaptic mechanisms until recently. Materials and methods: Eight subjects (28.6±8.3 years), with the expected facilitation after both standard PAS protocols, participated in two randomized sessions in which PAS consisted of 360 electrical stimuli of the right median nerve at the wrist paired with a single TMS over the hotspot of right APB muscle at randomly delivered ISIs of 25 ms and of 21.5 ms (180 pairs for each ISI) (PASvar). Since cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) can abolish the plasticity effects of PAS with an interval of 25 ms and not at 21.5 ms (Hamada et al. 2012), either sham or anodal TDCS (2 mA, 30 min) was applied to the cerebellum simultaneously with PASvar (anodal-PASvar and sham-PASvar). We measured MEPs before and after each intervention. Results: Randomly delivered PAS25 and PAS21.5 (sham-PASvar) blocked the induction of PAS plasticity while the concurrent anodal TDCS (anodalPASvar) restored the expected effect. Conclusions: PAS21.5 and PAS25 induce LTP-like changes in different sets of cortical synapses and show mutual inhibition during plasticity induction. Heterosynaptic LTD-like modulation might well explain the loss of effect of combining PAS21.5 and PAS25. References: Stefan K, Kunesch E, Cohen LG, Benecke R, Classen J. (2000). Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation. Brain 123, 572-584. Hamada M, Strigaro G, Murase N, Sadnicka A, Galea JM, Edwards MJ, Rothwell JC. (2012). Cerebellar modulation of human associative plasticity. J Physiol 590, 2365-2374.
S235
showed there is no statistical significance between any of the variables tested. However, individuals classified as the inattentive subtype showed significant differences in appearance greater acceptance of the treatment of the hyperactive or combined subtypes. While individuals with higher scores for quality of life showed intermediate treatment acceptance, the group with the lowest quality of life scores showed high treatment acceptance. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to better understand the relationship between ADHD awareness and its influence on individual behavior. These results could be useful for improved health education, including the development of prevention campaigns to promote effective health.
P678 Cortical plasticity in tinnitus patients after repetitive exposure to tailor-made notched music A. Stein, A. Engell, C. Pantev University Hospital Muenster, Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, Muenster, Germany Question: Tinnitus, the perception of a sound without an external source, is assumed to be a result of reduced inhibition of neurons corresponding to the tinnitus frequency. One possibility to reverse the effects of this maladaptation is to induce inhibition on neurons corresponding to the tinnitus frequency by auditory stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of repetitive stimulation with tailor-made notched music on neural activity in temporal and frontal cortical regions of tinnitus patients. Methods: Ten subjects suffering from chronic tonal tinnitus listened to music passing through a notch-filter centered at the tinnitus frequency (tailor-made notched music) for three hours on each of three consecutive days. Neural activity evoked by either a tone at the tinnitus frequency (tinnitus tone) or by a control tone of 500 Hz was measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG) before and immediately after music exposure. Tinnitus loudness was measured via visual analog scales. A distributed source model was used to investigate the neural activity in auditory as well as in frontal cortical regions in the N1m time window. Results: Neural activity evoked by the tinnitus tone in the temporal lobe decreased significantly after music exposure, whereas neural activity evoked by the control tone remained unaffected. Additionally, tinnitus loudness was rated significantly lower after music exposure. There was a significant correlation between the reduction of neural activity in the temporal lobe evoked by the tinnitus tone and the tinnitus loudness ratings. Furthermore, there was a significant increase of neural activity evoked by the control tone in the frontal lobe after music exposure, which could not be observed in the neural activity evoked by the tinnitus tone. Conclusions: Tailor-made notched music evokes neural plasticity in temporal as well as frontal cortical areas of tinnitus patients. Additionally, there is a clear connection between the reduction of tinnitus loudness and the neural reorganization in the temporal cortex. These effects could be demonstrated after a short period of music exposure, indicating a fast neural reorganization and behavioral adaptation.
P677 ADHD awareness, quality of life and treatment acceptance
P679 Wakefulness delta waves increase after cortical plasticity induction
M.V. Santos, M.A. Romano-Silva UFMG, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Medicina Molecular, BH, Brazil
G. Assenza, G. Pellegrino, M. Tombini, V. Di Lazzaro Campus Biomedico University, Clinical NEurology, Rome, Italy
The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a high prevalence (5%) in school-age children. If on the one hand the literature shows that information enables conscious decision making, recent research shows there is a lot of misinformation about ADHD, even among health and teaching professionals. The main objective of our study was to determine whether knowledge about ADHD found in parents of brazilian children and adolescents diagnosed with this disorder had a significant relationship with treatment acceptance. The sample consisted of 101 parents or caregivers (94 women and 7 men) of children and adolescents treated for ADHD at the Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. The profile was composed of young, low-income (52.5%), students, aged 4 to 18 years old, in the majority boys (76.2%). The instrument used consisted of a structured questionnaire with 100 questions, with six different scales, assessing the general knowledge about ADHD and quality of life. The results
Question: Delta waves (Dw) during sleep are considered effectors of synaptic plasticity. During wakefulness Dw appear when brain lesions occur, but their functional meaning is not unanimously recognized. We aimed at testing whether Dw change after inducing cortical plasticity by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Methods: 13 healthy subjects underwent iTBS on left primary motor cortex to induce long term potentiation (LTP) like phenomena. Five-minutes resting opened-eyes 32-channels EEG, right opponens pollicis motor evoked potentials (MEP) and alertness behavioural scales were collected before and up to 30 minutes after iTBS. Power spectral density (PSD) from delta to beta frequency bands of bilateral sensorimotor areas was calculated. Results: iTBS induced a significant increase of both MEP amplitude and bilateral Dw (+87.5%) lasting up to 30 minutes after stimulation. No changes on behavioural scales were found. Conclusions: Our data showed that motor LTP induction during wakeful-