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P.73 Normal values for fat-free and fat mass in 1678 healthy adults measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
P.72 UK
Indications for home enteral tube feeding in the
AI in mixtures (#mol I-1)
AI PN intakes* (#mol kg-1 d-l)
Plasma AI** (#molI-1 )
3.4_+0.6 1.4-+0.9
0.3+0.1 0.08_+0.03
2.0_+0.4 0.9_+0.5
British Artificial Nutrition Survey (BANS) (BAPEN), M. Ella (chairman for correspondence) Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK.
Study (a) (1990) n = 8 Study (b) (1998) n= 10
Home enteral tube feeding (HETF) in the UK has grown by over 20% in one year, but there is little information about the indications and outcome. The aim of this study was to undertake a prospective national survey to provide baseline data on the major indications and age distribution of adult patients requiring HETE Information was obtained using 5779 individual patient questionnaire forms from 219 centres between March 1996 and December 1997. They were completed by health professionals, mainly dietitians, when patients were discharged into the community. Sixty per cent were aged over 65 years (35% over 75y), 15% were aged 55-65 y and 24% 16-54 y.
The commonest overall indication (all ages) was cerebrovascular accident, which accounted for 37% of all indications and 62% in those over 75y. The commonest indication (33%) in those aged 55-64y was carcinoma of the oropharynx plus oesophagus; (23% oropharynx; 10% oesophagus), and in those aged 16-54 y it was multiple sclerosis (21%). This study shows that more than half of the HETF provided to adults in the UK between 1996 and 1997 involved elderly subjects over 65y, and that more than half of these suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Outcome data in the various groups of patients indicated in the table are urgently required.
Session 1 - TOPIC 9: N U T R I T I O N A L A S S E S S M E N T II The aim of the present study was to determine in both sexes the relationships between BIA and some common individual characteristics. Single-frequency BIA was determined according to standardized procedures (after voiding, early in the morning, after lying in the supine position for 20 min, at ambient temperature of 22-24°C) in a cohort of lean and overweight subjects belonging to a healthy population (18-80y): 1047 men [mean: age 49.0y, Ht 171cm, Wt 70.4kg and BMI (Wt/Ht) 24.0kg/m 2] and 1145 women (41.8y, 159cm, 58.6kg, 23.1 kg/m2). For the purpose of the study the following variables were considered: 1) individual characteristics such as age, sex, Ht and Wt; in addition body mass index was calculated as an index of fatness; 2) BIA variables: resistance (R), bioimpedance index (BI = height2/Z), reactance (Xc) and phase angle (PhA). BI (mean values: 58.0 vs 42.2cm2/ohm) and PhA (6.21 vs 5.76 degrees) were higher (P < 0.001) in men, while Z (611 vs 515 ohm) and Xc (61 vs 56ohm) were higher in women. After adjustment for age, Wt and BMI, these significant differences persisted (P< 0.001) for R, BI and PhA, but not for Xc (P = 0.78). The univariate analysis (simple correlation coefficient) revealed that BIA variables were significantly related to most of the individual characteristics considered. Indeed, R did not correlate with Ht in both sexes and Xc and PhA with Ht in women. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, Wt and BMI are all independent predictors of each of the BIA variables considered with the exception of BMI vs Xc in women and age vs PhA in men. The percentage of variability explained is much higher for BI (>50%) and lower for Xc and PhA (<20%), especially in women. In conclusion, BIA variables are significantly associated to the main characteristics of the subjects. These are of importance when considering for computation of percentiles for BIA variables or the graphical interpretation of BIA data.
P,73 Normal values for fat-free and fat mass in 1678 healthy adults measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) U. G, Kyle 1, C. Pichard 1 and D. O. Slosman 2
1Clinical Nutrition, 2Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Fat-free (FFM) and fat (FM) mass are useful in the evaluation of nutritional status in hospitalized patients if normal values for a healthy population are known. Reference values for FFM and FM as determined by BIA are not available. The purpose of this study was to determine the 25th and 75th percentiles for FFM and FM in a healthy population in Switzerland with the goal of developing FFM and FM nutritional assessment charts which permit rapid determination if hospitalized patients are below, within and above normal ranges for these nutritional parameters. Methods: Healthy men and women (n = 1678) without known pathology or medical treatment between the ages of 25 and 98, mean BMI of 21.5 _+ 2.7 kg/m 2 (women) and 22.0 _+2.0 kg/m 2 (men), were measured by BIA (BIO-Z2 ®, Spengler, Paris, France, 50 kHz, tetrapolar electrodes, right hand and foot). Height and body weight were measured with the precision of 0.5cm and 50g, respectively. Resistance values were determine twice. The subjects were grouped 25-44 years (n = 373 women, 589 men), 45-64 years (n = 167 women, 247 men), >65 years (n = 203 women, 99 men). The FFM and FM were estimated by the formulas by RJL. The percentiles of FFM and FM in kg were determined to develop assessment charts.
Results:
Age (yrs)
Women (25-75%ile) FFM (kg) FM (kg)
Men (25-75%ile) FFM (kg) FM (kg)
25~44 45-64 >65
40.4-46.5 41.1-47.3 38.6-45.4
56.8-65.0 8.8-13.8 5 5 . 8 - 6 3 . 1 9.4-16.1 50.6-59.7 11.9-25.1
11.3-16.4 12.8-20.3 15.7-26.8
P.75 Body density measurement by air displacement plethismography. A comparison with bioelectrical impedance and skinfold measurements F. Francini, R Spine//a, S. Mavrotheris, C. Serra, P. Di Lucchio and
Conclusions: A decrease in FFM and an increase in FM were observed with increasing age. Values below the 25th percentile help identify patients with abnormal lean and fat reserves. The use of assessment charts permits rapid comparison of FFM and FM reserves to normal values and aids in evaluation of nutritional status in hospitalized patients.
G. Bucciante Cattedra di Nutrizione Clinica, Universita di Padova, Padova, Italy. Introduction: The air displacement plethysmograph (ADP) is a new technique for the noninvasive determination of whole body volume and density. This technique provides many advantages over hydrodensitometry but up to date it has not been sufficiently compared with the other body composition methods. Subjects and methods: Sixty adult subjects (32 F, 28 M), varying in age (range 18-42yr) participated in this study. The subjects were in three groups according to BMI: normal weight (N.W., BMI: >18.5<25), under weight (U.W., BMI: <18.5) and over weight (O.W., BMI: >25). The body volume was measured through an air displacement plethysmograph (Bod Pod, Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, CA). The skinfold thickness was measured with a Harpenden caliper; the bioelectrical impedance was performed by an Akern 109 RJL The body density was calculated by the weight/volume ratio for the air displacement plethysmograph (DADP),by the Durrnin and Womersley equations for the skinfold
P,74 Relationships between BIA variables and individual characteristics M. Marra, V. BellizzP, B. R. Di Ioriot, V Terraccianot, G. Gaudianot and L. ScalfP Cattedra di Nutrizione Clinic& * Divisione di Nefrologia, §Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti, Universit& degli Studi Federico II, Napoli; t Nefrologia, Ospedale di Lauria, Italy. Although bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is widely used for the estimation of body composition in healthy and ill subjects, the variability in the population of BIA measures is still poorly known. 49
Indications for home enteral tube feeding in the
AI in mixtures (#mol I-1)
AI PN intakes* (#mol kg-1 d-l)
Plasma AI** (#molI-1 )
3.4_+0.6 1.4-+0.9
0.3+0.1 0.08_+0.03
2.0_+0.4 0.9_+0.5
British Artificial Nutrition Survey (BANS) (BAPEN), M. Ella (chairman for correspondence) Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK.
Study (a) (1990) n = 8 Study (b) (1998) n= 10
Home enteral tube feeding (HETF) in the UK has grown by over 20% in one year, but there is little information about the indications and outcome. The aim of this study was to undertake a prospective national survey to provide baseline data on the major indications and age distribution of adult patients requiring HETE Information was obtained using 5779 individual patient questionnaire forms from 219 centres between March 1996 and December 1997. They were completed by health professionals, mainly dietitians, when patients were discharged into the community. Sixty per cent were aged over 65 years (35% over 75y), 15% were aged 55-65 y and 24% 16-54 y.
The commonest overall indication (all ages) was cerebrovascular accident, which accounted for 37% of all indications and 62% in those over 75y. The commonest indication (33%) in those aged 55-64y was carcinoma of the oropharynx plus oesophagus; (23% oropharynx; 10% oesophagus), and in those aged 16-54 y it was multiple sclerosis (21%). This study shows that more than half of the HETF provided to adults in the UK between 1996 and 1997 involved elderly subjects over 65y, and that more than half of these suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Outcome data in the various groups of patients indicated in the table are urgently required.
Session 1 - TOPIC 9: N U T R I T I O N A L A S S E S S M E N T II The aim of the present study was to determine in both sexes the relationships between BIA and some common individual characteristics. Single-frequency BIA was determined according to standardized procedures (after voiding, early in the morning, after lying in the supine position for 20 min, at ambient temperature of 22-24°C) in a cohort of lean and overweight subjects belonging to a healthy population (18-80y): 1047 men [mean: age 49.0y, Ht 171cm, Wt 70.4kg and BMI (Wt/Ht) 24.0kg/m 2] and 1145 women (41.8y, 159cm, 58.6kg, 23.1 kg/m2). For the purpose of the study the following variables were considered: 1) individual characteristics such as age, sex, Ht and Wt; in addition body mass index was calculated as an index of fatness; 2) BIA variables: resistance (R), bioimpedance index (BI = height2/Z), reactance (Xc) and phase angle (PhA). BI (mean values: 58.0 vs 42.2cm2/ohm) and PhA (6.21 vs 5.76 degrees) were higher (P < 0.001) in men, while Z (611 vs 515 ohm) and Xc (61 vs 56ohm) were higher in women. After adjustment for age, Wt and BMI, these significant differences persisted (P< 0.001) for R, BI and PhA, but not for Xc (P = 0.78). The univariate analysis (simple correlation coefficient) revealed that BIA variables were significantly related to most of the individual characteristics considered. Indeed, R did not correlate with Ht in both sexes and Xc and PhA with Ht in women. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, Wt and BMI are all independent predictors of each of the BIA variables considered with the exception of BMI vs Xc in women and age vs PhA in men. The percentage of variability explained is much higher for BI (>50%) and lower for Xc and PhA (<20%), especially in women. In conclusion, BIA variables are significantly associated to the main characteristics of the subjects. These are of importance when considering for computation of percentiles for BIA variables or the graphical interpretation of BIA data.
P,73 Normal values for fat-free and fat mass in 1678 healthy adults measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) U. G, Kyle 1, C. Pichard 1 and D. O. Slosman 2
1Clinical Nutrition, 2Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Fat-free (FFM) and fat (FM) mass are useful in the evaluation of nutritional status in hospitalized patients if normal values for a healthy population are known. Reference values for FFM and FM as determined by BIA are not available. The purpose of this study was to determine the 25th and 75th percentiles for FFM and FM in a healthy population in Switzerland with the goal of developing FFM and FM nutritional assessment charts which permit rapid determination if hospitalized patients are below, within and above normal ranges for these nutritional parameters. Methods: Healthy men and women (n = 1678) without known pathology or medical treatment between the ages of 25 and 98, mean BMI of 21.5 _+ 2.7 kg/m 2 (women) and 22.0 _+2.0 kg/m 2 (men), were measured by BIA (BIO-Z2 ®, Spengler, Paris, France, 50 kHz, tetrapolar electrodes, right hand and foot). Height and body weight were measured with the precision of 0.5cm and 50g, respectively. Resistance values were determine twice. The subjects were grouped 25-44 years (n = 373 women, 589 men), 45-64 years (n = 167 women, 247 men), >65 years (n = 203 women, 99 men). The FFM and FM were estimated by the formulas by RJL. The percentiles of FFM and FM in kg were determined to develop assessment charts.
Results:
Age (yrs)
Women (25-75%ile) FFM (kg) FM (kg)
Men (25-75%ile) FFM (kg) FM (kg)
25~44 45-64 >65
40.4-46.5 41.1-47.3 38.6-45.4
56.8-65.0 8.8-13.8 5 5 . 8 - 6 3 . 1 9.4-16.1 50.6-59.7 11.9-25.1
11.3-16.4 12.8-20.3 15.7-26.8
P.75 Body density measurement by air displacement plethismography. A comparison with bioelectrical impedance and skinfold measurements F. Francini, R Spine//a, S. Mavrotheris, C. Serra, P. Di Lucchio and
Conclusions: A decrease in FFM and an increase in FM were observed with increasing age. Values below the 25th percentile help identify patients with abnormal lean and fat reserves. The use of assessment charts permits rapid comparison of FFM and FM reserves to normal values and aids in evaluation of nutritional status in hospitalized patients.
G. Bucciante Cattedra di Nutrizione Clinica, Universita di Padova, Padova, Italy. Introduction: The air displacement plethysmograph (ADP) is a new technique for the noninvasive determination of whole body volume and density. This technique provides many advantages over hydrodensitometry but up to date it has not been sufficiently compared with the other body composition methods. Subjects and methods: Sixty adult subjects (32 F, 28 M), varying in age (range 18-42yr) participated in this study. The subjects were in three groups according to BMI: normal weight (N.W., BMI: >18.5<25), under weight (U.W., BMI: <18.5) and over weight (O.W., BMI: >25). The body volume was measured through an air displacement plethysmograph (Bod Pod, Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, CA). The skinfold thickness was measured with a Harpenden caliper; the bioelectrical impedance was performed by an Akern 109 RJL The body density was calculated by the weight/volume ratio for the air displacement plethysmograph (DADP),by the Durrnin and Womersley equations for the skinfold
P,74 Relationships between BIA variables and individual characteristics M. Marra, V. BellizzP, B. R. Di Ioriot, V Terraccianot, G. Gaudianot and L. ScalfP Cattedra di Nutrizione Clinic& * Divisione di Nefrologia, §Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti, Universit& degli Studi Federico II, Napoli; t Nefrologia, Ospedale di Lauria, Italy. Although bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is widely used for the estimation of body composition in healthy and ill subjects, the variability in the population of BIA measures is still poorly known. 49