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P8.1 Pharmaco-EEG application for the evaluation of drug effects on schizophrenia
14th ECCN / 4th ICTMS/DCS P7.21 Prolonged, uncontrolled hyperglycemia-related hemichorea-hemiballisum associated with MR T1-striatal hyperintensity and EEG periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge C.-L. Lai1 , C.-Y. Hsu1 1 Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Province of China Introduction: Hemichorea-hemiballisum (HBHC) in patients with hyperglycemia and striatal hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR images is now an accepted clinical entity. It frequently occurs in elderly women, and more than 80% of reported patients have been of Asian descent. A transient, reversible metabolic impairment within the basal ganglion has been considered a possible cause of this disorder. However, the pathogenesis remains unclear. In addition, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge (PLEDs) on EEG usually indicates an acute and severe cerebral insult, such as CNS infection, tumor, epilepsy, and stroke. Hyperglycemia was not reported in the literature review. Objectives: We reported a rare case of hyperglycemia-related HBHC associated with striatal hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR and PLEDs on EEG. We also discuss the possible pathogenesis. Methods: We reported a 74-year-old with prolonged, uncontrolled DM with HBHC and striatal hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR images. The initial blood glucose, osmolality level and HbA1C were 312 mg/dl, 294 mmol/l and 9.0%, respectively. While aggressive sugar control (around 150 200 mg/dl) improved the severity of HBHC, medication showed poor response. When the PLEDs subsided, but hyperglycemia persisted, the HBHC, although much improved, but still existed. Conclusions: PLEDs on EEG can be found in patients with hyperglycemiaassociated HBHC and striatal hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR images. It may support to the possible “ischemic ” pathogenesis in this special clinical setting.
Poster session 8. Ageing, dementia, cognitive functions P8.1 Pharmaco-EEG application for the evaluation of drug effects on schizophrenia K. Nishida1 , M. Yoshimura1 1 Department of Psychiatry Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Japan Introduction: The pathophysiology of mental disorders especially schizophrenia is unclear, although many researchers in psychiatry and related fields have endeavored to elucidate the etiology. Up to date neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have revealed various degrees of degraded connectivity in patients with mental disorders. Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to explore degraded brain connectivity and altered brain information processing in schizophrenic patients, (ii) to evaluate the antipsychotics effects. Methods: 30 neuroleptic-naive, first-episode schizophrenic patients and 30 age-matched healthy subjects were collected. Some topographical classes were obtained from all EEG data by microstate analysis. Microstate analysis makes it possible to detect that the momentary brain state is reflected directly by the momentary spatial configuration of the brain electric field., and changes of brain electric field configuration can only be caused by changes of the active neural elements, and such changes most probably imply changes of the brain function. Result: The mean duration of one topographical class in the patients was shortened compared to healthy subjects. On the contrary, antipsychotics made the microstate duration longer. Conclusions: These results indicated antipsychotics revealed counterbalanced changes of schizophrenic patients.
S95 P8.2 Quantitative EEG analysis in severe semantic dementia using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA): 4 case series K. Nishida1 , M. Yoshimura1 , Y. Kitaura1 , U. Aoyagi1 , T. Isotani2 , T. Kinoshita1 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan, 2 Laboratory for Brain-Mind Research, Faculty of Nursing Shikoku University, Tokushima, Japan Introduction: The clinical feature of semantic dementia (SD) is loss of semantic memory, and its pathological change is unilateral atrophy of anterior temporal lobes. But there is few finding from quantitative EEG in SD patients. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the spatial electrophysiological characteristics of SD patients. Methods: We performed analyzing EEG data using LORETA in 4 patients with semantic dementia (3 females and 1 males, 2 patients were in moderate stage and other 2 patients were in severe stage; mean age and SD: 68.5±5.7 years) and 22 normal control subjects (10 females and 12 males; mean age and SD: 66.1±6.0 years). EEGs were recorded from 19 scalp sites (Fp1/2, F3/4, C3/4, P3/4, O1/2, F7/8, T3/4, T5/6, Fz, Cz, Pz) according to international 10/20 electrode system during eyesclosed, resting condition. Current density computed by sLORETA was for the seven frequency bands (delta: 1.5 6 Hz, theta: 6.5 8 Hz, alpha1: 8.5 10 Hz, alpha2: 10.5 12 Hz, beta1: 12.5 18 Hz, beta2: 18.5 21 Hz, beta3: 21.5 30 Hz). Results: sLORETA with subject-wise normalization specified that semantic dementia patients showed stronger delta activity than normal controls in temporal lobe associated lesion using MRI. Conclusions: Current density in delta and alpha band reflected pathological change in left temporal lobe and decline of brain function.
P8.3 Involvement of the magno-cellular streams in Alzheimer’s disease: a proof of network disease? F. Sartucci1 , T. Bocci2 , E. Giorli2 , L. Murri3 , P. Orsini4 , V. Porciatti5 , N. Origlia6 , L. Domenici7 1 Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Pisa University Medical School; Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy, 2 Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Pisa University Medical School; Department of Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, Siena University Medical School, Pisa, Siena, Italy, 3 Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Pisa University Medical School, Pisa, Italy, 4 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Pisa University Medical School, Pisa, Italy, 5 Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, United States, 6 Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy, 7 Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Pisa; L’Aquila, Italy Introduction: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) impairs visual function early and functional losses correlate with cognitive level impairment. Recently a primary involvement of the visual magnocellulari visual subsystem as cause of AD has been put forward. Objective: Aim of our study was to evaluate electrophysiologically visual subsystem involvement in a group of AD patients, using equiluminant chromatic Pattern Electroretinograms (ChPERGs) and Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials (ChVEPs) in attempt to detect a magnocellular deficit. Methods: Data were obtained from 10 AD pts (mean age±1SD 78.7±4.83 yrs) not yet undergoing any treatment, and from 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean age±1SD 71.3±7.2). ChPERGs were recorded monocularly in response to equiluminant red-green (R-G) and blue-yellow (B-Y) stimuli, known to emphasize the contribution of parvo- and konio-cellular streams respectively, and achromatic luminance (Lum) yellow-black horizontal square gratings of 0.3 c/deg and 90% contrast (K), reversed at 1 Hz, displayed on a monitor at a viewing distance of 24 cm (59.2*59 deg field). ChVEPs were recorded to onset (300 ms) and offset (700 ms) equiluminant chromatic sinusoidal gratings of different K (90 and 25%). Diagnosis was clinically and neuro-radiologically established, after having excluded other possible causes of dementia. Results: Our data showed evident abnormalities both in latency and amplitude of Lum PERGs in AD patients compared with controls (p < 0.01), while no significant differences were found in ChPERGs between the two
Poster session 8. Ageing, dementia, cognitive functions P8.1 Pharmaco-EEG application for the evaluation of drug effects on schizophrenia K. Nishida1 , M. Yoshimura1 1 Department of Psychiatry Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Japan Introduction: The pathophysiology of mental disorders especially schizophrenia is unclear, although many researchers in psychiatry and related fields have endeavored to elucidate the etiology. Up to date neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have revealed various degrees of degraded connectivity in patients with mental disorders. Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to explore degraded brain connectivity and altered brain information processing in schizophrenic patients, (ii) to evaluate the antipsychotics effects. Methods: 30 neuroleptic-naive, first-episode schizophrenic patients and 30 age-matched healthy subjects were collected. Some topographical classes were obtained from all EEG data by microstate analysis. Microstate analysis makes it possible to detect that the momentary brain state is reflected directly by the momentary spatial configuration of the brain electric field., and changes of brain electric field configuration can only be caused by changes of the active neural elements, and such changes most probably imply changes of the brain function. Result: The mean duration of one topographical class in the patients was shortened compared to healthy subjects. On the contrary, antipsychotics made the microstate duration longer. Conclusions: These results indicated antipsychotics revealed counterbalanced changes of schizophrenic patients.
S95 P8.2 Quantitative EEG analysis in severe semantic dementia using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA): 4 case series K. Nishida1 , M. Yoshimura1 , Y. Kitaura1 , U. Aoyagi1 , T. Isotani2 , T. Kinoshita1 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan, 2 Laboratory for Brain-Mind Research, Faculty of Nursing Shikoku University, Tokushima, Japan Introduction: The clinical feature of semantic dementia (SD) is loss of semantic memory, and its pathological change is unilateral atrophy of anterior temporal lobes. But there is few finding from quantitative EEG in SD patients. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the spatial electrophysiological characteristics of SD patients. Methods: We performed analyzing EEG data using LORETA in 4 patients with semantic dementia (3 females and 1 males, 2 patients were in moderate stage and other 2 patients were in severe stage; mean age and SD: 68.5±5.7 years) and 22 normal control subjects (10 females and 12 males; mean age and SD: 66.1±6.0 years). EEGs were recorded from 19 scalp sites (Fp1/2, F3/4, C3/4, P3/4, O1/2, F7/8, T3/4, T5/6, Fz, Cz, Pz) according to international 10/20 electrode system during eyesclosed, resting condition. Current density computed by sLORETA was for the seven frequency bands (delta: 1.5 6 Hz, theta: 6.5 8 Hz, alpha1: 8.5 10 Hz, alpha2: 10.5 12 Hz, beta1: 12.5 18 Hz, beta2: 18.5 21 Hz, beta3: 21.5 30 Hz). Results: sLORETA with subject-wise normalization specified that semantic dementia patients showed stronger delta activity than normal controls in temporal lobe associated lesion using MRI. Conclusions: Current density in delta and alpha band reflected pathological change in left temporal lobe and decline of brain function.
P8.3 Involvement of the magno-cellular streams in Alzheimer’s disease: a proof of network disease? F. Sartucci1 , T. Bocci2 , E. Giorli2 , L. Murri3 , P. Orsini4 , V. Porciatti5 , N. Origlia6 , L. Domenici7 1 Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Pisa University Medical School; Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy, 2 Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Pisa University Medical School; Department of Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, Siena University Medical School, Pisa, Siena, Italy, 3 Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Pisa University Medical School, Pisa, Italy, 4 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Pisa University Medical School, Pisa, Italy, 5 Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, United States, 6 Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy, 7 Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Pisa; L’Aquila, Italy Introduction: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) impairs visual function early and functional losses correlate with cognitive level impairment. Recently a primary involvement of the visual magnocellulari visual subsystem as cause of AD has been put forward. Objective: Aim of our study was to evaluate electrophysiologically visual subsystem involvement in a group of AD patients, using equiluminant chromatic Pattern Electroretinograms (ChPERGs) and Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials (ChVEPs) in attempt to detect a magnocellular deficit. Methods: Data were obtained from 10 AD pts (mean age±1SD 78.7±4.83 yrs) not yet undergoing any treatment, and from 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean age±1SD 71.3±7.2). ChPERGs were recorded monocularly in response to equiluminant red-green (R-G) and blue-yellow (B-Y) stimuli, known to emphasize the contribution of parvo- and konio-cellular streams respectively, and achromatic luminance (Lum) yellow-black horizontal square gratings of 0.3 c/deg and 90% contrast (K), reversed at 1 Hz, displayed on a monitor at a viewing distance of 24 cm (59.2*59 deg field). ChVEPs were recorded to onset (300 ms) and offset (700 ms) equiluminant chromatic sinusoidal gratings of different K (90 and 25%). Diagnosis was clinically and neuro-radiologically established, after having excluded other possible causes of dementia. Results: Our data showed evident abnormalities both in latency and amplitude of Lum PERGs in AD patients compared with controls (p < 0.01), while no significant differences were found in ChPERGs between the two