- Email: [email protected]
P88
S50
Abstracts
P87 (continued) from students aged 9-14 (n ⫽ 4,237) enrolled in 18 schools across Indiana. The survey collected student demographics and intake of fruits, vegetables, and competitive foods on the previous day. Students reported consumption in times/ day. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and mean frequencies were evaluated using pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment. Total fruit and vegetable consumption frequencies were then covaried by fruit juice. Asian Americans consumed vegetables more frequently than Whites (4.8 versus 3.4 times/day; P ⫽ .007), reporting more salad (0.8 versus 0.5 times/day; P ⫽ .01) and vegetables from mixed dishes (1.0 versus 0.6 times/day; P ⫽ .007). Almost half of total fruit intake was due to fruit juice consumption (2.8 versus 1.2 times/day). African Americans (P ⬍ .001) and Hispanics (P ⫽ .002) reported drinking fruit juice more frequently than Whites (1.7 and 1.5 versus 1.2 times/day). Whites reported the lowest frequency of total fruit and vegetable consumption (P ⬍ .001), though when controlling for fruit juice (juice ⫽ covariate), both African Americans (P ⫽ .01) and Whites (p ⫽ .009) had lower frequencies of fruit and vegetable consumption than Asian Americans. Hispanics were not different from other ethnicities (P ⫽ .16, .15, and .09, respectively). No differences existed between genders or among age or grade levels. Results suggest a need for ethnic-specific interventions to improve vegetable and whole fruit but not juice consumption in Indiana youth.
P88 Is There a Need for Nutrition Education amongst Pregnant Women in the Vaal Triangle, Gauteng, South Africa? Hema Kesa and W. Oldewage-Theron, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa, [email protected] This study formed part of a clinical intervention trial under controlled conditions to determine the anthropometric indications and nutritional intake of the pregnant women in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa. The main purpose of this study was to determine the need for nutrition education for pregnant women (n ⫽ 84). A validated demographic, health and medical questionnaire, and QFFQ was used and statistically analysed. Trained fieldworkers conducted interviews with the help of food models to estimate portion size. The anthropometric measurements included weight, height and weight- for- height. The top ten items most often consumed by pregnant women were, in descending order: Maize meal-stiff, tea, milk, maize meal-soft, apples, oranges, cold drink, brown bread, rice and coffee. Daily intakes (mean ⫾ SD) were: 11284.59 ⫾ 4002.16 kJ, 85.85 ⫾ 36.88 g protein, 97.99 ⫾ 43.66 g fat, 337.04 ⫾ 132.96 g carbohydrate, 13.74 ⫾ 7.48 mg iron, 295.80 ⫾ 237.79 g folic acid. The results showed that 81% of the pregnant women are unemployed and majority of the sample population is
overweight or obese. There is a clear indication that the sample population is not aware of proper dietary guidelines since 56% of the pregnant women have been overweight before and during pregnancy and 35% of the women had no physical activity during pregnancy. Therefore there is an urgent need for nutrition education for these low-income, pregnant women in order to improve and encourage healthy eating patterns to prevent malnutrition during pregnancy and therefore have healthier pregnancy outcomes. This project was funded by the NRF.
P89 Perceived Barriers and Proposed Solutions to Farm-to-School Programs in California Rainbow A. Vogt, BA and Lucia L. Kaiser, PhD, RD, University of California, Davis Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA Using locally grown fruits and vegetables in school meals through Farm-to- School programs is an ideal and sustainable way to improve student health and support farmers. The purpose of this study was to examine the issues faced by farms and school interested in this purchasing method. Interview and survey data were collected from Food Service Directors (FSDs) (n ⫽ 38) and farmers (n ⫽ 8) in 23 California counties. Approximately half of the FSDs surveyed purchased food directly from farms. Factors that motivate FSDs to buy locally were: access to fresher food (n ⫽ 18); support local economy/community (n ⫽ 18); help California farms/businesses (n ⫽ 18); good public relations (n ⫽ 15); and higher food quality (n ⫽ 12). Barriers in purchasing local produce were cost (n ⫽ 20); vendor and delivery considerations (n ⫽ 18); inconvenience of multiple invoicing (n ⫽ 15); knowledge of local producers (n ⫽ 14); produce seasonality (n ⫽ 13); and equipment/facilities needs (n ⫽ 12). Farmers who have supplied produce to schools report infrequent and low quantity orders and need more reliable patronage to participate in the program. Stakeholders proposed the following steps are needed for greater Farm-to-School program viability: start programs in districts with parental support; design simple menus with advanced commitment to buy local and seasonal produce; hire coordinators familiar with produce market and buyer and grower needs; forge agreements between growers and districts to build trust; fund equipment and educational aides; use student help to alleviate staffing burden; create a grower directory with product and delivery information; form local growers co-ops; facilitate conversations about cost, centralization, and distribution; and hold joint meetings with professional associations.
Abstracts
P87 (continued) from students aged 9-14 (n ⫽ 4,237) enrolled in 18 schools across Indiana. The survey collected student demographics and intake of fruits, vegetables, and competitive foods on the previous day. Students reported consumption in times/ day. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and mean frequencies were evaluated using pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment. Total fruit and vegetable consumption frequencies were then covaried by fruit juice. Asian Americans consumed vegetables more frequently than Whites (4.8 versus 3.4 times/day; P ⫽ .007), reporting more salad (0.8 versus 0.5 times/day; P ⫽ .01) and vegetables from mixed dishes (1.0 versus 0.6 times/day; P ⫽ .007). Almost half of total fruit intake was due to fruit juice consumption (2.8 versus 1.2 times/day). African Americans (P ⬍ .001) and Hispanics (P ⫽ .002) reported drinking fruit juice more frequently than Whites (1.7 and 1.5 versus 1.2 times/day). Whites reported the lowest frequency of total fruit and vegetable consumption (P ⬍ .001), though when controlling for fruit juice (juice ⫽ covariate), both African Americans (P ⫽ .01) and Whites (p ⫽ .009) had lower frequencies of fruit and vegetable consumption than Asian Americans. Hispanics were not different from other ethnicities (P ⫽ .16, .15, and .09, respectively). No differences existed between genders or among age or grade levels. Results suggest a need for ethnic-specific interventions to improve vegetable and whole fruit but not juice consumption in Indiana youth.
P88 Is There a Need for Nutrition Education amongst Pregnant Women in the Vaal Triangle, Gauteng, South Africa? Hema Kesa and W. Oldewage-Theron, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa, [email protected] This study formed part of a clinical intervention trial under controlled conditions to determine the anthropometric indications and nutritional intake of the pregnant women in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa. The main purpose of this study was to determine the need for nutrition education for pregnant women (n ⫽ 84). A validated demographic, health and medical questionnaire, and QFFQ was used and statistically analysed. Trained fieldworkers conducted interviews with the help of food models to estimate portion size. The anthropometric measurements included weight, height and weight- for- height. The top ten items most often consumed by pregnant women were, in descending order: Maize meal-stiff, tea, milk, maize meal-soft, apples, oranges, cold drink, brown bread, rice and coffee. Daily intakes (mean ⫾ SD) were: 11284.59 ⫾ 4002.16 kJ, 85.85 ⫾ 36.88 g protein, 97.99 ⫾ 43.66 g fat, 337.04 ⫾ 132.96 g carbohydrate, 13.74 ⫾ 7.48 mg iron, 295.80 ⫾ 237.79 g folic acid. The results showed that 81% of the pregnant women are unemployed and majority of the sample population is
overweight or obese. There is a clear indication that the sample population is not aware of proper dietary guidelines since 56% of the pregnant women have been overweight before and during pregnancy and 35% of the women had no physical activity during pregnancy. Therefore there is an urgent need for nutrition education for these low-income, pregnant women in order to improve and encourage healthy eating patterns to prevent malnutrition during pregnancy and therefore have healthier pregnancy outcomes. This project was funded by the NRF.
P89 Perceived Barriers and Proposed Solutions to Farm-to-School Programs in California Rainbow A. Vogt, BA and Lucia L. Kaiser, PhD, RD, University of California, Davis Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA Using locally grown fruits and vegetables in school meals through Farm-to- School programs is an ideal and sustainable way to improve student health and support farmers. The purpose of this study was to examine the issues faced by farms and school interested in this purchasing method. Interview and survey data were collected from Food Service Directors (FSDs) (n ⫽ 38) and farmers (n ⫽ 8) in 23 California counties. Approximately half of the FSDs surveyed purchased food directly from farms. Factors that motivate FSDs to buy locally were: access to fresher food (n ⫽ 18); support local economy/community (n ⫽ 18); help California farms/businesses (n ⫽ 18); good public relations (n ⫽ 15); and higher food quality (n ⫽ 12). Barriers in purchasing local produce were cost (n ⫽ 20); vendor and delivery considerations (n ⫽ 18); inconvenience of multiple invoicing (n ⫽ 15); knowledge of local producers (n ⫽ 14); produce seasonality (n ⫽ 13); and equipment/facilities needs (n ⫽ 12). Farmers who have supplied produce to schools report infrequent and low quantity orders and need more reliable patronage to participate in the program. Stakeholders proposed the following steps are needed for greater Farm-to-School program viability: start programs in districts with parental support; design simple menus with advanced commitment to buy local and seasonal produce; hire coordinators familiar with produce market and buyer and grower needs; forge agreements between growers and districts to build trust; fund equipment and educational aides; use student help to alleviate staffing burden; create a grower directory with product and delivery information; form local growers co-ops; facilitate conversations about cost, centralization, and distribution; and hold joint meetings with professional associations.