PAA poly(acrylic acid)

PAA poly(acrylic acid) PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

REFERENCES

GENERAL Common name

-

poly(acrylic acid)

IUPAC name

-

poly(acrylic acid)

CAS name

-

2-propenoic acid, homopolymer

Acronym

-

PAA

CAS number

-

9003-01-4

RETECS number

-

AT4680000

Person to discover

-

Fikentscher, H; Wappes, H; Eifaender, L; Schoeller, C; Schneevoigt, A

Date

-

1934

Details

-

production of dispersions using PAA

Monomer(s) structure

-

H2C=CHCOOH

Monomer(s) CAS number(s)

-

79-10-7

Monomer(s) molecular weight(s)

dalton, g/ mol, amu

72.06

Monomer ratio

-

100%

HISTORY Fikentscher, H; Wappes, H; Eifaender, L; Schoeller, C; Schneevoigt, A, US Patent 1,976,679, IG Farben, Oct. 9, 1934.

SYNTHESIS

-1

McCurdy, K G; Laidler, K J, Ca. J. Chem., 42, 818, 1964.

Heat of polymerization

Jg

Number average molecular weight, Mn

dalton, g/ mol, amu

45,000-3,000,000

Molar volume at 298K

cm3 mol-1

53.3

Van der Waals volume

cm3 mol-1

36.48

Spacing between crystallites

nm

0.287-0.479 (crystalline, isotactic)

Miller, M L; O’Donnell, K; Skogman, J, J. Coll. Sci., 17, 649-59, 1962.

Tacticity

%

atactic (can be produced in isotactic form from its butyl ester)

Miller, M L; O’Donnell, K; Skogman, J, J. Coll. Sci., 17, 649-59, 1962.

Entanglement molecular weight

dalton, g/ mol, amu

calc.=4,785

Some manufacturers

-

Lubrizol

Trade names

-

Carbopol

g cm-3

1.22-1.44

1033-1075

STRUCTURE

COMMERCIAL POLYMERS

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Density at 20oC Color

-

white

Refractive index, 20oC

-

calc.=1.4905-1.5112; exp.=1.492-1.527

Odor

244

acetic HANDBOOK OF POLYMERS / Copyrights 2012; ChemTec Publishing

PAA poly(acrylic acid) PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Melting temperature, DSC

o

179

Thermal conductivity, melt

W m-1 K-1

0.1888

Glass transition temperature

o

calc.=70-101; exp.=105-106

Surface tension

mN m-1

C

C

REFERENCES

54.7-61.7

MECHANICAL & RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Tensile strength

MPa

0.084

Ponchel, G; Touchard, F; Ducheme, D; Peppas, N A, J. Controlled Release, 5, 129-141, 1987.

Tensile modulus

MPa

1.09

Ponchel, G; Touchard, F; Ducheme, D; Peppas, N A, J. Controlled Release, 5, 129-141, 1987.

Poisson’s ratio

-

0.400

Alcohols

-

poor

Alkalis

-

poor

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

-

good

Aromatic hydrocarbons

-

good

Ketones

-

good

4 solvent

-

dioxane

Good solvent

-

DMF, dioxane, ethanol, methanol, water

Non-solvent

-

acetone, aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, diethyl ether

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

FLAMMABILITY Autoignition temperature

o

Volatile products of combustion

-

CO, CO2

NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating

-

1/1/0

Carcinogenic effect

-

not listed by ACGIH, NIOSH, NTP

TLV, ACGIH

mg m-3

1

mg m

-3

1

mg m

-3

0.05 (Netherlands)

520

C

TOXICITY

NIOSH MAK/TRK Oral rat, LD50

mg kg

-1

2,500

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 9 h

mg l-1

168-280

Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunsh, LC50, 48 h

mg l-1

580-2000

Typical processing methods

-

compounding

Additives used in nal products

-

Filler: calcium carbonate, kaolin, metal oxide

PROCESSING

HANDBOOK OF POLYMERS / Copyrights 2012; ChemTec Publishing

245

PAA poly(acrylic acid) PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Applications

-

bioadhesives, binder for ceramic, dental cements, dispersants for pigments and llers, hydraulic uids, ion exchange resins, paper, pharmaceutical (viscosity modier in creams an gels), polyelectrolytes, rheology modiers, suspending agents, thickeners, toothpaste

-

chitosan, CR, PA6, PANI, PVAC, PVDF

BLENDS Suitable polymers

246

HANDBOOK OF POLYMERS / Copyrights 2012; ChemTec Publishing

REFERENCES